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2015
“Study Of Different types Of Gears”
Basics Mechanics OF Machines
Study OF Different types Of
ddssdddddad Gears
H.T
[Company name]
4/17/2015
Objective:
“Study OF Different types Of Gears”
What is Gear:
A gear is a component with in transmission device that transmits rotational force to another gear
or device, gear is different form a pulley in that gear is round wheel which has linkage (teeth) that
mesh with other gear teeth, allowing force to be fully transferred without any kind of slippage.
Depending upon their construction and arrangement gear devices can transmit force at differe nt
speeds, torques in a different directions from the power source, the most common situation is for
a gear to mesh with another gear most important features is that the gears of unequal sizes
combined with each other to get a maximum mechanical advantage so that the rotational speed
and torque of second gear is different from the first one, gears are as shown in the figure below.
a) Parallel
1) Spur Gears
2) Helical Gears
3) Rack and Pinion
b) Intersecting (non-parallel)
1) Bevel Gears
c) Non-Intersecting and Non-Parallel
1) Worm and Worm Gears
Spur Gears:
In spur gears the teeth are parallel to the axis of rotation and they transfer power from one shaft to
another parallel shaft, in this case the two parallel and co-planar shafts are connected to each other
by the help of spur gears and the arrangement is known as spur gearing because they have teeth
parallel to the axis of the wheel, spur gears are shown in the figures below.
Uses:
a) Used in electric Screw Drivers
b) Oscillating Sprinkler
c) Windup Alarm Clock
d) Washing Machine
e) Clothes Dryer
Uses:
a) These are highly used in transmission because they are quieter even at higher speed.
b) Helical gears are durable and used in cars.
c) Helical gears are used in textile industries.
d) Helical gears are also used in rolling mills, elevators, sugar industries, conveyors belts.
e) Helical gears are also used in compressors and in oil industries.
Advantages:
a) Can transmit power b/w parallel or right angle shafts.
b) Helical gears are highly durable and ideal for high load applications.
Disadvantages:
a) There is greater degree of sliding friction b/w the meshing teeth due to the
resultant thrust along the axis of the gears.
b) Efficiency of helical gear is less because helical gear trains have sliding contact
b/w teeth which produce axial thrust of gears.
Uses:
a) These gears are increasingly use in external gears pumps.
b) These are used for applications that required high pressure.
Advantages:
a) Quite and pulse free flow.
b) Improved load carrying ability.
c) Greater strength.
d) Minimum hydraulic shock
e) Made up of cast iron for wear resistance
Disadvantages:
a) The manufacturing cost is very high due to special shape.
b) During assembly a gear box, aligning is to be given special attention.
Uses:
The rack and pinion system assists in power steering of many vehicles including cars and some
trucks.
Advantages:
a) Rack and Pinion give easier and more compact control over the vehicle.
b) Easiest way to convert rotation motion to linear motion.
c) It is cheap.
d) It is compact.
e) It is robust.
Disadvantages:
a) The most adverse advantages of rack and pinion would also be due to the inherent
friction due to this friction it is under a constant wear possibly needing after a certain
time.
b) The rack and pinion can only work with certain levels of friction
Uses:
a) Bevel gears are used when the direction of a shafts needs to be changed.
b) They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to
work at other angles as well.
c) These are used in locomotive marine applications and in railway tracks and in inspec tion
machines.
Advantages:
f) This gear make it possible to change the operating angle.
g) Differing number of teeth on each wheel allows mechanical advantage to be changed.
Disadvantages:
c) One wheel of such gear is designed to work with its complementary wheel and no
other.
d) Must be precisely mounted.
e) The shafts bearings must be capable of supporting significant forces.
Uses:
d) Worm gears are used when large gear reductions needed.
e) Many worms gear have interesting property that no other gear set, the worm can
easily turn the gear.
f) Worm gears are widely used in material handling and transportation machiner y,
machine tools and automobiles.
g) Advantages:
h) Worms gear drives operates smoothly.
i) They are self-locking.
j) They occupy less space.
k) They have good meshing effectiveness.
l) They can be used to reduce the speed.
m) High velocity ratio cab be obtained.
Disadvantages:
f) Worms gears materials are expensive.
g) Worm drives have high power loss.
h) They produce a lot of heat.
i) A disadvantages is the potential for considerable sliding action leading to low
efficiency.
a) Low Velocity
b) Medium Velocity
c) High Velocity
a) External Gears
b) Internal Gears
c) Rack and pinion
External Gearing:
In external gearing the gears of two shafts mesh externally with each and the other the larger of
these two wheel is called Spur wheel and the smaller one is called Pinion.
Internal Gearing:
The gears of two shafts mesh internally, the larger one wheel is called Anular and the smaller is
called Pinion, in internal gearing the motion of two wheels are always in same direction.
Gear Trains:
a) A gear train is two or more gear working together meshing their teeth and turning each
other in a system to generate power and speed.
b) It reduces speed and increases torque.
c) Electric motors are used with the gear system to reduce the speed and increase the torque.