Defoamers NEW PDF

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Industrial & Home Care

FUN Division
Defoamers
Get your foam under control
Clariant Defoamers
Foaming & Defoaming
Antimussol Series
D-Foam-R Series
Silicone-based Product Line

Non-silicone and Silicone Free Product Line
Summary
Division FUN
Industrial & Home Care, FUN Division (Copyright Clariant. All rights reserved.) Slide 2
Foam
What is Foam? Vapor Foam
- 2 phase (colloidal) system of vapor

dispersed in liquid
- Thermodynamically unstable
- Pure liquids do not foam Solution
- Surfactants help stabilize foam and
entrained air Surfactant
Tetrahedral Foam (dry)

Types of Foam
Cellular Foam (wet)
Entrained Air (microfoam)

Public: Defoamers
Why is it important to eliminate foam?
Laundry
Air entrainment in washing machines occurs: Commercial
– When the laundry is lifted out of the washing Laundry
liquor by the carrier baffles situated inside the
drum
– When the laundry falls back into the washing liquor
– When the washing liquor flows through the perforations in the washing drum
Too much foam results in:
– Insufficient contact between the laundry and the washing liquor. The foam acts
like a cushion which reduces mechanical washing action effectively eliminating the
benefit of tumble washers.
– Overflow and insufficient rinsing leaving fabric sticky which can lead to re-soiling.
Public: Defoamers
Warewashing (Automatic Systems) Warewashing

Foam generation occurs from:
– Circulation of rinse water/surfactant/soil
– Pumps mixing at high rpm to circulation jets
– Mechanical shear of solution on dinnerware and
flatware

– Inefficient operation of the automatic system (poor cleaning)
– Problems with residue – inefficient rinsing – increased filming and spotting
Public: Defoamers
Clean-in-Place Dairy Tank Cleaning

– Circulation of cleaning solution
– Soil/protein (milk) breakdown
– Break of the surface tension by mechanical action

– Cavitation of pumps which leads to poor pressure and premature pump wear
– Excessive use of water for complete rinsing which slows production
– Inefficient rinsing which leads to soil and cleaning solution residue deposition
– Inefficient cleaning/contact of acidity/alkalinity in dairy tank
– Premature/overfilling of waste tanks leading to labor downtime
Public: Defoamers
Bottle Cleaning Bottle washing

– Circulation
– Soil residues (build up)

– Cavitation of pumps which leads to poor pressure and premature pump wear
– Foam overflow
– Inefficient rinsing which leads to soil and cleaning solution residue deposition
Public: Defoamers
Recovery Tanks
Carpet Cleaning
– Original cleaning solution spray/mechanical action on substrate
– Vacuuming of solution/soil from substrate

– Residue on substrate due to insufficient
recovery
– Over or premature filling of recovery tank
– Downtime of labor for empting of tank Floor Scrubbing
(large scale)
Public: Defoamers
Medical Instrument Care

Instrument Care
– Hand washing intricate instruments
– Circulation of cleaning solution
– Protein and carbohydrate soils
– Surfactant based cleaning solution

– Residue cross contamination
– Safety concerns due to inability to view instruments in bath
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Defoaming
Defoaming Steps
Entering: Defoamer positions between foaming media and film
Spreading: Defoamer thins the film interface foaming media and air
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Entering Spreading Bursting
Surfactant
Defoamer
Disrupt the surfactant layer beyond its ability to repair itself “Defoaming or Knockdown”
Application
Prevent the foaming surfactant from forming a stabilizing film “Antifoaming”

Resist solubilization/emulsification by the foaming surfactants “Persistence”
Public: Defoamers
Mechanisms of Defoaming
Entering: The importance of particles
Particles of relatively
large size easily bridge
Large Particle
across film and cause
bubble rupture
Moderate particle size

can bridge and rupture
film but may be
insufficient
Small Particle Small particles are not

likely to cause rupture
Public: Defoamers
Mechanisms of Defoaming
Spreading: The importance of the oil
spreading oil
film-original thickness
thinning film
DEFOAMERS may spread across the air-bubble interface and sweep

the surface clean of foam stabilizing species and may also promote film
thinning.
Both of these actions destabilize the bubble, causing a rupture.
Public: Defoamers
Optimizing entering and spreading
“smart development of defoamers”
To rupture a foam film an oil/hydrophobic particle droplet must enter the aqueous
phase into the air/water interface (entering) and then some oil from the droplet
should spread on the solution air-interface (spreading)
Entering: Both the entering coefficient and

– E = σAW + σOW - σOA > 0 the spreading coefficient must
be positive for the
Spreading corresponding processes to be
– S = σAW - σOW – σOA > 0 energetically favorable
For both the entering and spreading coefficient to be positive, it is important to have
a liquid with a low surface tension
Hydrophobic particles ease entry of the antifoam droplet in the foam walls or film
interfaces, explaining the benefit of their addition in antifoam formulation
Public: Defoamers
The architecture of a defoamer
Component Purpose
Oil/Resins Carrier / antifoam
Hydrophobic Particle Defoaming particulate
Emulsifier / drainage aid /

Surfactants
spreading agent / antifoam
Water Carrier / extender
Preservative Maintain shelf life
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Defoamer Actives
Oils/Resins Hydrophobic Particulates

100 SUS Paraffinic EBS Wax
100 SUS Napthenic Hydrophobic Silica
Mineral Seal Oil Aluminum Stearate
PPG’s Polyethylene Wax
Block Polyglycols
PPG Esters Surfactants
Insoluble Nonionics Nonionic surfactants
Vegetable oils Silicone glycols
TOFA
Silicone
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Silicone
Silicone
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),
silicone resins
Silicone-free
No silicone whatsoever
Non-Silicone
May have small amount of silicone,
but not an active component; < 0.5%
Organo-silicone
Organically modified silicone, some
may call this non-silicone because
there is no free PDMS
Public: Defoamers
Defoamer Testing Equipment
Inversion Foam Test (low shear) Aeration Method (low shear)

– Modified ASTM method D3601 – ASTM method D892
Objective Air
rotation speed
1300ml
500ml
Foam height
differentiated Thermostat
at 80°C
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Defoamer Testing Equipment
Blender Test (high shear) Circulation Test (high shear)

– ASTM method D3519 – CNOMO test or D6552121
28cm
0cm
Thermostat
at 80°C
Pump
20Hz
Public: Defoamers
Antimussol Series
Products & Performance
Antimussol Product Line
Flash Point Solubility

Trade Name Components % Active Ionicity
(°C) in water
Alkylisononanamide, Glycol and
Antimussol 3470 100 Nonionic >100 No
Ethoxylate
Alkylisononanamide, Glycol,
Antimussol 3472-N 80 Cationic 45 Yes
Quat and Ethoxylate
Mixture of glycols and
*Antimussol FN 100 Nonionic >100 No
alkylamide derivative
Mixture of butoxethylphosphates
*Antimussol TIP 60 Nonionic 27 No
and isobutanol
Antimussol TW Tallow fatty derivatives 15 Nonionic >100 Yes
Antimussol ZJ Alkylisononanamide 100 Nonionic >100 No
Block copolymer (ethyleneoxide

*Antimussol DC 161 100 Nonionic >100 No
propyleneoxide)
* TSCA registered products
1 According to ASTM Definition Section 9002 of Subcommittee D20.96
Antimussol TIP and ZJ do not contain and are not considered surfactants and so are not subject to the EU Detergent Regulation
Public: Defoamers
Antimussol Application Properties
Formulation Stability
Trade Name Application Field Nonionic Cationic Anionic Acid Alkaline Heat
Antimussol 3470 Industrial and metal cleaning
Industrial cleaning, metal
Antimussol 3472-N working, waste water treatment,
fire extinguishing foam, dyeing
Industrial cleaning, waste water
*Antimussol FN treatment, smoke fumes
desulphurizing
*Antimussol TIP Industrial cleaning
Industrial cleaning, drilling fluid,
Antimussol TW process and waste water
treatment
Antimussol ZJ Industrial and metal cleaning
*Antimussol DC 161 Industrial cleaning
* TSCA registered products

1 According to ASTM Definition Section 9002 of Subcommittee D20.96
Antimussol TIP and ZJ do not contain and are not considered surfactants and so are not subject to the EU Detergent Regulation
Public: Defoamers
Antimussol® TW
Inversion foam
Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

40 inversions
600 Temperature 70°F
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400
Anionic trials
300
200 TW shows great

efficacy defoaming
100
all three surfactant
systems
0
0% TW 0.001% TW 0.01% TW 0.1% TW
Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate

Nonionic = Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate 7 EO
Cationic = Hydroxy Ethyl Quat
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Antimussol® FN
Inversion foam
Anionic Nonionic Cationic

Inversion Foam:
40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400
Cationic trials
300
200 FN shows great

efficacy defoaming
100
Cationic surfactant
0
systems
0% FN 0.001% FN 0.01% FN 0.1% FN
Cationic = Hydroxy Ethyl Quat TSCA Registered
Public: Defoamers
Antimussol® TIP
Inversion foam
Anionic Nonionic Cationic

Inversion Foam:
40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Foam Height (ml)
400
TIP shows little
300 efficacy defoaming
Anionic and
200 Nonionic systems
but increases in
100
effectiveness with
Cationic surfactant
0
0% TIP 0.001% TIP 0.01% TIP 0.1% TIP
systems

Public: Defoamers
Antimussol® ZJ
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400
Nonionic trials
300
200
ZJ shows great
Cationic and
0 Nonionic surfactant
0% ZJ 0.01% ZJ 0.1% ZJ systems

Cationic = Hydroxy Ethyl Quat
Public: Defoamers
Antimussol® DC 161
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400
Cationic trials
300
200
DC 161 shows
100
great efficacy
defoaming Cationic
0 and Anionic
0% DC 0.001% DC 0.01% DC 0.1% DC surfactant systems

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D-Foam-R Series
Products & Performance
D-Foam-R Silicone-based Product Line
D-Foam-R X 732 Defoamer Type

700 – Formulated - Organo-Silicone Emulsions
800 – Silicone Antifoam Emulsions
All D-Foam-R are TSCA approved
900 – Silicone Antifoam Compounds
Trade Name Components % Active Viscosity (cps) pH
D Foam R C732 Organo silicone emulsion 20 1000 8
D Foam R F806 Silicone antifoam emulsion 10 700 7
D Foam R F836 Silicone antifoam emulsion 30 1400 7
D Foam R I839 Silicone antifoam emulsion 24 800 8
D Foam R I851 Silicone antifoam emulsion 22 1000 8
D Foam R I902 Silicone antifoam compound 100 22000 NA
D Foam R M722 Organo silicone emulsion 20 600 8
D Foam R S774 Organo silicone emulsion 100 3200 4
Public: Defoamers
D Foam R C732
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Foam Height (ml)
400 Photos are of

Nonionic trials
300
200
C732 shows
100
great efficacy
defoaming all three
0 surfactant systems
0% C732 0.001% C732 0.01% C732 0.1% C732 Free rinsing
defoamer
Public: Defoamers
D Foam R F806
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Foam Height (ml)
400
Photos are of
Anionic trials
300
200
F806 shows
100
great efficacy
defoaming all three
0% F806 0.001% F806 0.01% F806 0.1% F806

Public: Defoamers
D Foam R F836
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Foam Height (ml)
400
Photos are of
Nonionic trials
300
200
F836 shows
100
great efficacy
defoaming all three
0% F836 0.001% F836 0.01% F836 0.1% F836

Public: Defoamers
D Foam R I839
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Foam Height (ml)
400 Photos are of

Anionic trials
300
200
I839 shows
100
great efficacy
defoaming all three
0% I839 0.001% I839 0.01% I839 0.1% I839

Public: Defoamers
D Foam R I851
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400
Nonionic trials
300
200
I851 shows
100
great efficacy
defoaming all three
0% I851 0.001% I851 0.01% I851 0.1% I851 Free rinsing
defoamer
Public: Defoamers
D Foam R I902
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400
Nonionic trials
300
I902 shows
Nonionic and
100
Anionic surfactant
0 systems
0% I902 0.001% I902 0.01% I902 0.1% I902 Highly durable
in alkaline soln.
Public: Defoamers
D Foam R M722
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400
Nonionic trials
300
200 M722 shows

great efficacy
100 defoaming all three
surfactant systems
0
0% M722 0.001% M722 0.01% M722 0.1% M722
Free rinsing
and easy to handle
Public: Defoamers
D Foam R S774
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400
Anionic trials
300
200 S774 shows

great efficacy
100 defoaming all three
surfactant systems
0
0% S774 0.001% S774 0.01% S774 0.1% S774
Self emulsifying
compound
Public: Defoamers
D-Foam-R Non/Free-Silicone Product Line
D-Foam-R X 625 Defoamer Type

200 – Mineral Seal Oil and Veggie Oil Based
300 – Formulated Polyglycol Ester Based
400 – Clear Polyglycols and Blends
600 – Water Based (non-silicone emulsions)
All D-Foam-R are TSCA approved
Trade Name Components % Active Viscosity (cps) pH
D Foam R A625 Non-silicone emulsions 48 < 100 7-8.5
D Foam R C301 Polyglycol ester blend 100 220 6.5
D Foam R C331 Polyglycol ester blend 100 670 6.5
D Foam R F440 Polyglycol blend 100 550 NA
D Foam R T296 Mineral seal oil based 100 < 100 6.5
D Foam R W460 Polyglycol blend 100 160 6-7
D Foam R W465 Polyglycol blend 100 270 NA
Public: Defoamers
D Foam R A625
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400 Anionic trials
300
200 A625 shows

great efficacy
100
defoaming all three
surfactant systems
0
0% A625 0.001% A625 0.01% A625 0.1% A625

Public: Defoamers
D Foam R C301
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400
Nonionic trials
300
200 C301 shows

great efficacy
100
defoaming all three
surfactant systems
0
0% C301 0.001% C301 0.01% C301 0.1% C301

Public: Defoamers
D Foam R C331
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400 Anionic trials
300
200 C331 shows

great efficacy
100
defoaming all three
0
surfactant systems
0% C331 0.001% C331 0.01% C331 0.1% C331

Public: Defoamers
D Foam R F440
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Cationic trials
Foam Height (ml)
400
300
F440 shows
200 great efficacy
defoaming cationic
100 & anionic*
surfactant systems
0
0% F440 0.001% F440 0.01% F440 0.1% F440*
* 30sec after
reading – anionic
Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate foam is zero
Public: Defoamers
D Foam R T296
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400 Anionic trials
300
200 T296 shows

great efficacy
100
defoaming Cationic
surfactant systems
0
0% T296 0.001% T296 0.01% T296 0.1% T296
Public: Defoamers
D Foam R W460
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Foam Height (ml)
400 Cationic trials

300
200 W460 shows

defoaming efficacy
100
in cationic
surfactant systems
0
0% W460 0.001% W460 0.01% W460 0.1% W460
Public: Defoamers
D Foam R W465
Inversion foam

40 inversions
0.1% surfactant
500
Photos are of
Cationic trials
Foam Height (ml)
400
300
W465 shows
200 great efficacy
defoaming *all three
0
* 30sec after
reading – anionic &
0% W465 0.001% W465 0.01% W465 0.1% W465*
cationic foam is
Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate zero
Public: Defoamers
Summary
Antimussol and D-Foam-R
Get your foam under control!
Antimussol and D-Foam-R product ranges offer

a wide array of defoaming effectiveness.
– Low cost and high performance

– Effective use rates as low as 1 ppm!
– Able to defoam Anionic, Cationic and Nonionic surfactant
systems with ease
– Free rinsing for use in Bottle and Warewash CIP
cleaning
– Highly durable in many extreme pH and
temperature situations
– Silicone and Non-Silicone based products
Public: Defoamers
Selecting the Right Option
Anionic Cationic Nonionic
Silicone F836, I839, I852, S774
Free Rinsing M722, C732

(low adhesion)
Non-Silicone A625
C301 C301, C331, T296 C301

Silicone – Free
*TW, FN, *ZJ, DC 161 FN, *ZJ
* Not on TSCA
Public: Defoamers

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Public

Industrial & Home Care

Foaming & Defoaming

Silicone-based Product Line

What is Foam? Vapor Foam

- 2 phase (colloidal) system of vapor

Tetrahedral Foam (dry)

Cellular Foam (wet)

Entrained Air (microfoam)

Warewashing (Automatic Systems) Warewashing

Too much foam results in:

Clean-in-Place Dairy Tank Cleaning

Too much foam results in:

Bottle Cleaning Bottle washing

Too much foam results in:

Too much foam results in:

Medical Instrument Care

Too much foam results in:

Entering: Defoamer positions between foaming media and film

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Prevent the foaming surfactant from forming a stabilizing film “Antifoaming”

Moderate particle size

Small Particle Small particles are not

DEFOAMERS may spread across the air-bubble interface and sweep

Entering: Both the entering coefficient and

Oil/Resins Carrier / antifoam

Hydrophobic Particle Defoaming particulate

Emulsifier / drainage aid /

Water Carrier / extender

Preservative Maintain shelf life

Oils/Resins Hydrophobic Particulates

Inversion Foam Test (low shear) Aeration Method (low shear)

Blender Test (high shear) Circulation Test (high shear)

Flash Point Solubility

Antimussol TW Tallow fatty derivatives 15 Nonionic >100 Yes

Antimussol ZJ Alkylisononanamide 100 Nonionic >100 No

Block copolymer (ethyleneoxide

* TSCA registered products

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

200 TW shows great

Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate

Anionic Nonionic Cationic

200 FN shows great

Anionic Nonionic Cationic

Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate

D-Foam-R X 732 Defoamer Type

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

400 Photos are of

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

400 Photos are of

Anionic = Secondary Alkane Sulfonate

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

Anionic Nonionic Cationic Inversion Foam:

200 M722 shows