ChiCago SChool

ReviSion
 oRiginS
• ThiS SChool appeaRed afTeR The fiRe in ChiCago
ThaT CReaTed The need of Rebuilding The CiTy
• aRChiTeCTS weRe enCouRaged To build higheR
STRuCTuReS beCauSe of The eSCalaTing land
pRiCeS
• ConSCiouS of The poSSibiliTieS of The new
maTeRialS and STRuCTuReS They developed
buildingS in whiCh:
– iSolaTed fooTing SuppoRTed a SkeleTon of iRon enCaSed
in maSonRy
– TheRe weRe:
• fiRepRoof flooRS,
• numeRouS faST elevaToRS and
• gaS lighT
– The TRadiTional maSonRy wall beCame CuRTainS, full
of glaSS, SuppoRTed by The meTal SkeleTon
– The fiRST SkySCRapeRS weRe boRn
 SouRCeS of The STyle
• The louiSiana-boRn aRChiTeCT henRy
hobSon RiChaRdSon. alThough he waS
TRained aT The ÉCole deS beaux-aRTS in
paRiS, RiChaRdSon RejeCTed The ÉCole'S
diCTum ThaT The gReek and Roman
ClaSSiCal STyle waS The ulTimaTe
STandaRd of deSign. inSTead, hiS ideal
waS The Rugged RomaneSque of The SouTh
of fRanCe.
• The SeCond SouRCe of STyle foR The
aRChiTeCTS of The fiRST ChiCago SChool
deRived fRom The veRy naTuRe of The
maTeRial They So wholeheaRTedly
 Sullivan
• Sullivan waS The main aRChiTeCT of ThiS
STyle
• Sullivan pRovided hiS building wiTh a fiRm
viSual baSe, TReaTed The inTeRmediaTe
offiCe flooRS aS a uniT, and CRowned The
whole wiTh a bold CoRniCe
• The deCoRaTive oRnamenTaTion deviSed
by Sullivan and uSed on Some of hiS
offiCe buildingS iS baSed on floRal
moTifS buT oRganized in a manneR
CloSely ReSembling The iRiSh inTeRlaCe
of The eaRly middle ageS
• Sullivan deSigned wiTh The pRinCipleS of
ReConCiling The woRld of naTuRe wiTh
 Sullivan
• hiS buildingS weRe deTailed wiTh luSh, yeT
TaSTefully Subdued oRganiC oRnamenTaTion.
• hiS aTTempT To balanCe oRnamenTaTion inTo The
whole of building deSign inSpiRed a geneRaTion
of ameRiCan and euRopean aRChiTeCTS;
• The idea ThaT oRnamenTaTion be inTegRal To The
building iTSelf, RaTheR Than meRely applied.
• he CReaTed a peRSonal STyle ThaT had few
imiTaToRS oR followeRS
• Sullivan iS one of The few human beingS To whom
fRank lloyd wRighT publiCly aCknowledged a
debT of influenCe in hiS CaReeR.
 ChaRaCTeRiSTiCS
• bold geomeTRiC faCadeS pieRCed wiTh
eiTheR aRChed oR linTel-Type openingS.
• The wall SuRfaCe highlighTed wiTh
exTenSive low-Relief SCulpTuRal
oRnamenTaTion in TeRRa CoTTa.
• buildingS ofTen Topped wiTh deep
pRojeCTing eaveS and flaT RoofS.
• The mulTi-SToRy offiCe Complex highly
RegimenTed inTo SpeCifiC zoneS oR gRound
SToRy, inTeRmediaTe flooRS, and The
aTTiC oR Roof.
• The inTeRmediaTe flooRS aRe aRRanged
in veRTiCal bandS. laRge aRChed window
 ChaRaCTeRiSTiCS
• laRge aRChed window
• deCoRaTive TeRRa CoTTa panel
• deCoRaTive band
• veRTiCal STRipS of windowS
• pilaSTeR-like mullionS
• pRojeCTing eaveS (The undeR paRT
of a Sloping Roof oveRhanging a
wall)
 ChaRaCTeRiSTiCS
• highly deCoRaTed fRieze
• enRiChed foliaTed RinCeau (an
oRnamenTal moTif of SCRollS of
foliage, uSually vine)
• poRThole windowS
• deCoRaTed TeRRa CoTTa SpandRelS
• CapiTal of pilaSTeR STRipS
 ChaRaCTeRiSTiCS
• guilloChe (a paTTeRn of
inTeRlaCing bandS foRming a plaiT
and uSed aS an enRiChmenT on a
moulding) enRiChmenT
• foliaTed and lineaR enRiChmenTS
along jambS oR enTRy
 aRChiTeCTS
• adleR
• Sullivan
• le baRon jenney
• buRham
• wellboRn RooT
 buildingS
• ChiCago’S audiToRium
• monTauk blok
• ChiCago SToCk exChange
• home inSuRanCe building
• CaRSon SToRe
 influenCeS
• The fiRST ChiCago SChool waS an
aSToniShing and a pRofoundly
impoRTanT aChievemenT.
• iTS maTChleSS TRadiTion of
TeChniCal pRoweSS and aeSTheTiC
boldneSS would SuRfaCe again in
ChiCago
– in The 1930S wiTh The aRRival of The
bauhauS, and
– in The following deCadeS in The woRk