EPOKA UNIVERSITY

Departmet of Civil Engineering

Date :
CE 490 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CIVIL ASSIGNMENT No. 1 Izet Mehmetaj27.04.2017
421031603
ENGINEERING Name Surname ID :

DESIGN OF A 5-SPANS CONTINUOUS BEAM THROUGH EC-2

A 450 mm deep x 300 mm wide rectangular beam (fig. below) is required to support shopping mall loads q k
= 4.00 kN/m2 over 5 spans. In the transverse direction the beam spacings are 5 m centers with a slab
thickness of 200 mm. The supports have a width of 300 mm.
The characteristic material strengths:

 fck = 25 N/mm2 for the concrete

 fyk= 400 N/mm2 for the steel
 cnom= 35 mm

1. ACTIONS

Page no. [1]

 EPOKA UNIVERSITY
Departmet of Civil Engineering
Date :
CE 490 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CIVIL ASSIGNMENT No. 1 Izet Mehmetaj27.04.2017
421031603
ENGINEERING
Name Surname ID :

- Permanent action gk kN/m

o Self-weight slab 200 mm: 0.20x25x5=25.00
o Self-weight beam 450x300 mm: 0.45x0.30x25= 3.38
o 50 mm screed: 1.15x5x0.05 = 0.29
o Finishes and services 0.50x5= 2.50
o Brickwall 200 mm + plastering 7.20

gk= 38.37 kN/m

- Variable action qk = 5x4 = 20.00 kN/m

- Ultimate load

1. n= 1.35gk+1.5qk= 1.35x38.37 + 1.5x20= 81.80 kN/m

2. n= 1.35gk+1.05qk= 1.35x38.37+1.05*20 = 72.80 kN/m
3. n= 1.25gk+1.5qk= 1.25x38.37+1.5x20= 77.96 kN/m

worst case of (2) & (3), ultimate load n=77.96 kN/m

2. ANALYSIS

Page no. [2]

 EPOKA UNIVERSITY
Departmet of Civil Engineering
Date :
CE 490 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CIVIL ASSIGNMENT No. 1 Izet Mehmetaj27.04.2017
421031603
ENGINEERING
Name Surname ID :

3 Moment –Equation method: the relation btw any 3-points is derived as follows (the beam is of constant cross-section
for all its spans, E & I are constant therefore):

MAL1 + 2MB(L1+L2) = -0.25w1(L1)3-0.25w2(L2)3- P1a1b1(L1+a1)/L1 – P2a2b2(L2+a2)/L2

w1=w2= 77.96 kN/m

 MAL1+2MB(4+5)+5MC=-77.96(43/4+53/4)
18MB + 5MC = -3683.61 (1)

 MBL2+2MC(5+4)+4MD=-77.96(53/4+43/4)
5MB + 18MC + 4MD = -3683.61 (2)

 MCL3+2MD(4+6)+155.92=-77.96(43/4+63/4)
4MC+ 20MD + 155.92 = - 5613.12 (3)

Solving for (1), (2) and (3), MB = -196.96 kNm, MC = -27.66 kNm, MD = -550.25 kNm

Taking each span seperately and solving the beam (attached hand calculations), the reactions on each suupport are
obtained as:

Ay = 106.68 kN Dy = 528.85 kN

By = 433.87 kN Ey = 324.08 kN

Cy = 243.73 kN

Page no. [3]

 3. FLEXURAL DESIGN

Assumed steel bar ømax = 25 mm, ømin = 10 mm

d = 450 – 35 – 10 – 25/2 = 392 mm

3.1 SPAN AB

- Midspan of AB beam designed as a T-section, M = 73.07 kNm (sagging)

beff = bw + 2[0.2b’ +0.1x0.85L] ≤ bw +2[0.20x0.85L]

beff = 300+2[0.2(2500-300/2)+0.1x0.85x4000] = 300+2(470+340) = 1920 mm

bw +2[0.20x0.85x4000] = 1660 mm < 1920 mm

beff = bf = 1660 mm

M 73.07 x 106
k= = =0.011 → l a=0.95(fig . 7.5)
b f d 2 f ck 1660 x 3922 x 25

z = la x d = 0.95 x 392 = 372.4 mm

d – z = 392 – 372.4 = 19.6 < hf/2 = 200/2 = 100 mm → n.a. in flange, section is designed as rectangular cross-section

k= 0.011< 0.167 → single reinforcement

6
M 73.07 x 10
As= = =451.07 mm2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 x 500 x 372.4

Provide 2H25 (982 mm2).

- Support @ B: designed as a rectangular cross-section, M = 196.96 kNm (hogging)

6
M 196.96 x 10
k= 2
= 2
=0.171>0.167 → compression reinforcement is required
b f d f ck 300 x 392 x 25
d’ = 35+25/2 = 47.5 mm ; 47.5 / 392 = 0.121 < 0.171, steel yields

' ( K −K ' ) f ck b d2 ( 0.171−0.167 ) x 25 x 300 x 3922

A =
S '
= =30.76 mm2
0.87 f yk (d −d ) 0.87 x 500 x( 392−47.5)

Provide 2H6 (402 mm2)

zbal = 0.82d = 321. 44 mm

2 2
0.167 f ck b d 0.167 x 25 x 300 x 392
As= + A 'S = +30.76=1407.21 mm 2
0.87 f yk z bal 0.87 x 500 x 321.44

Provide 3H25 (1470 mm2)

3.2 SPAN BC

- Midspan of BC beam designed as a T-section, M = 335.06 kNm (sagging)

beff = bw + 2[0.2b’ +0.1x0.85L] ≤ bw +2[0.20x0.70L]

beff = 300+2[0.2(2500-300/2)+0.1x0.70x5000] = 300+2(470+350) = 1940 mm

bw +2[0.20x0.70x5000] = 1700 mm < 1940 mm

beff = bf = 1700 mm

6
M 335.06 x 10
k= 2
= 2
=0.051 →l a =0.95( fig .7.5)
b f d f ck 1700 x 392 x 25

z = la x d = 0.95 x 392 = 372.4 mm

d – z = 392 – 372.4 = 19.6 < hf/2 = 200/2 = 100 mm → n.a. in flange, section is designed as rectangular cross-section

k= 0.051< 0.167 → single reinforcement

6
M 335.06 x 10
As= = =2068.35m m2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 x 500 x 372.4

Provide 6H25 (2950 mm2)

- Support @ C: designed as a rectangular cross-section, M = 27.66 kNm (hogging)

6
M 27.66 x 10
k= = =0.024 <0.167 → no compression reinforcement isrequired
b f d f ck 300 x 3922 x 25
2

d
z= ( 1+ √ 1−3.53 K ) ≤0.95 d
2
 392
z= ( 1+ √ 1−3.53 x 0.024 )=383.51>372.4=0.95 d → z=372.4
2

M 27.66 x 10 6
As= = =170.74 mm 2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 x 500 x 372.4

Provide 2H16 (402 mm2)

3.3 SPAN CD

- Midspan of CD beam designed as a T-section, M = 43.80 kNm (sagging)

beff = bw + 2[0.2b’ +0.1x0.85L] ≤ bw +2[0.20x0.70L]

beff = 300+2[0.2(2500-300/2)+0.1x0.70x4000] ≤ 300+2x0.2x0.7x4000 = 1800 mm > 1420 mm = bw

beff = bf = 1420 mm

6
M 43.80 x 10
k= 2
= 2
=0.008 →l a=1( fig .7.5)
b f d f ck 1420 x 392 x 25

z = la x d = 1 x 392 = 392 mm

d – z = 0 < hf/2 = 200/2 = 100 mm → n.a. in flange, section is designed as rectangular cross-section b = bf = 1420 mm

k= 0.008< 0.167 → single reinforcement

6
M 43.80 x 10
As= = =256.86 mm2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 x 500 x 392

Provide 3H25 (1470 mm2)

- Support @ D: designed as a rectangular cross-section, M = 550.25 kNm (hogging)

M 550.25 x 106
k= = =0.477> 0.167 →compression reinforcement is required
b f d 2 f ck 300 x 3922 x 25

d’ = 35+25/2 = 47.5 mm ; 47.5 / 392 = 0.121 < 0.171, steel yields

' 2
' ( K −K ) f ck b d ( 0.477−0.167 ) x 25 x 300 x 3922 2
A =
S '
= =2384.06 m m
0.87 f yk (d −d ) 0.87 x 500 x (392−47.5)

Provide 5H25 (2450 mm2)

zbal = 0.82d = 321. 44 mm

 2 2
0.167 f ck b d 0.167 x 25 x 300 x 392
As= + A 'S = +2384.06=3760.51 mm2
0.87 f yk z bal 0.87 x 500 x 321.44

Provide 6H25 & 3H20 (3893 mm2)

3.4 SPAN DE

- Midspan of DE beam designed as a T-section, M = 519.89 kNm (sagging)

beff = bw + 2[0.2b’ +0.1x0.85L] ≤ bw +2[0.20x0.70L]

beff = 300+2[0.2(2500-300/2)+0.1x0.70x6000] = 2080mm

bw +2[0.20x0.70x6000] = 1980 mm < 2080 mm

beff = bf = 1980 mm

6
M 519.89 x 10
k= 2
= 2
=0.068 →l a=0.93( fig .7.5)
b f d f ck 1980 x 392 x 25

z = la x d = 0.93 x 392 = 364.56 mm

d – z = 392 – 364.56 = 27.44 < hf/2 = 200/2 = 100 mm → n.a. in flange, section is designed as rectangular cross-
section

k= 0.068< 0.167 → single reinforcement

M 519.89 x 106
As= = =3278.33 m m2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 x 500 x 364.56

Provide 6H25 & 2H16 (3352 mm2)

- Support @ E: designed as a rectangular cross-section, M = 155.92 kNm (hogging)

M 155.92 x 106
k= = =0.135< 0.167→ no compression reinforcement is required
b f d 2 f ck 300 x 3922 x 25

d
z= ( 1+ √ 1−3.53 K ) ≤0.95 d
2

392
z= ( 1+ √ 1−3.53 x 0.135 ) =337.81< 372.4=0.95 d → z=337.81
2
6
M 155.92 x 10
As= = =1061.06 mm2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 x 500 x 337.81

Provide 3H25 (1470 mm2)

 3.5 SPAN EF

- Midspan of EF beam designed as a T-section, M = 155.92 kNm (sagging)

l0 = 0.15x6000 + 2000 = 2900 mm

beff = bw + 2[0.2b’ +0.1x2900] ≤ bw +2[0.20x0.70L]

beff = 300+2[0.2(2500-300/2)+0.1x2900] = 1820 mm

bw +2[0.20x2900] = 1460 mm < 1820 mm

beff = bf = 1460 mm

M 155.92 x 106
k= 2
= 2
=0.028 →l a=0.95( fig .7.5)
b f d f ck 1460 x 392 x 25

z = la x d = 0.95 x 392 = 372.4 mm

d – z = 392 – 372.4 = 19.6 < hf/2 = 200/2 = 100 mm → n.a. in flange, section is designed as rectangular cross-section

k= 0.028 < 0.167 → single reinforcement

M 155.92 x 106
As= = =962.50 mm 2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 x 500 x 372.4

Provide 3H25 (1470 mm2)

4. SHEAR DESIGN

Max shear is @ support D, VEd = 299.65 kN

At the face of suppport, vEd = 106.68 – 77.96(0.3/2) = 287.96 kN.

Crushing strength of the diagonal strut is:

VRd, max = 0.124bwd(1-fck/250)fck, θ = 22 ° , cotθ = 2.5

= 0.124x300x392(1-25/500)25 = 328 kN > 287.96 kN → θ = 22 ° , cotθ = 2.5 will be used for all shear calculations.

4.1 SPAN AB
- Shear links near support A

@ distance d from face of support VEd = 106.68 – 77.96(0.15+0.392) = 64. 43 kN

Asw/s = 64.43x103 / (0.78x392x500x2.5) = 0.169

Provide H10 @ 300 mm, Asw/s = 0.523

ΔFtd = 0.5 VEd cotθ = 0.5x64.43x2.5 = 80.54 kN

- Minimum shear links @midspan AB

Asw,min/s = 0.08 (fck)0.5bw / fyk = 0.08x(25)0.5x300 / 500 = 0.240

Provide H10 @ 300 mm (Asw/s = 0.523)

Vmin = (Asw/s) x 0.78 dfykcotθ = 0.24x0.78x392x500x2.5x10-3 = 91.73 kN

- Shear links near support B

@ distance d from face of support VEd = 205.16 – 77.96(0.15+0.392) = 162. 91 kN

Asw/s = 162.91x103 / (0.78x392x500x2.5) = 0.426

Provide H10 @ 300 mm, Asw/s = 0.523

ΔFtd = 0.5 VEd cotθ = 0.5x162.92x2.5 = 203.64 kN

- From the face of support A

x1 = (VEd - Vmin – 0.15) / wu = (106.68-91.73)/ 77.96 – 0.15 = 0.042 m

1 +(42/300) ≅ 2 shear links spaced on (2-1) x 300 = 300 mm

- From the face of support B

x2 = (VEd - Vmin – 0.15) / wu = (205.16-91.73)/ 77.96 – 0.15 = 1.305 m

1+ (1305/300) ≅ 6 shear links spaced on (6-1) x 300 = 1500 mm

4.2 SPAN BC

- Shear links near support B

@ distance d from face of support VEd = 228.71 – 77.96(0.15+0.392) = 186.46 kN

Asw/s = 186.46x103 / (0.78x392x500x2.5) = 0.488

Provide H10 @ 300 mm, Asw/s = 0.523

ΔFtd = 0.5 VEd cotθ = 0.5x186.46x2.5 = 233.08 kN

- Minimum shear links @midspan BC

Asw,min/s = 0.08 (fck)0.5bw / fyk = 0.08x(25)0.5x300 / 500 = 0.240

Provide H10 @ 300 mm (Asw/s = 0.523)

Vmin = (Asw/s) x 0.78 dfykcotθ = 0.24x0.78x392x500x2.5x10-3 = 91.73 Kn

- Shear links near support C

@ distance d from face of support VEd = 161.09 – 77.96(0.15+0.392) = 118.84 kN

Asw/s = 118.84x103 / (0.78x392x500x2.5) = 0.311

Provide H10 @ 300 mm, Asw/s = 0.523

ΔFtd = 0.5 VEd cotθ = 0.5x118.84x2.5 = 148.55 kN

- From the face of support B

x1 = (VEd - Vmin – 0.15) / wu = (186.46-91.73)/ 77.96 – 0.15 = 1.065 m

1 +(1065/300) ≅ 5 shear links spaced on (5-1) x 300 = 1200 mm

- From the face of support C

x2 = (VEd - Vmin – 0.15) / wu = (118.84-91.73)/ 77.96 – 0.15 = 0.918 m

1+(198/300) ≅ 2 shear links spaced on (1-1) x 300 = 300 mm

4.3 SPAN CD

- Shear links near support C

@ distance d from face of support VEd = 82.64 – 77.96(0.15+0.392) = 40.39 kN

Asw/s = 40.39x103 / (0.78x392x500x2.5) = 0.106

Provide H10 @ 300 mm, Asw/s = 0.523

ΔFtd = 0.5 VEd cotθ = 0.5x40.39x2.5 = 50.49 kN

- Minimum shear links @midspan CD

Asw,min/s = 0.08 (fck)0.5bw / fyk = 0.08x(25)0.5x300 / 500 = 0.240

Provide H10 @ 300 mm (Asw/s = 0.523)

Vmin = (Asw/s) x 0.78 dfykcotθ = 0.24x0.78x392x500x2.5x10-3 = 91.73 kN

- Shear links near support D

@ distance d from face of support VEd = 229.2 – 77.96(0.15+0.392) = 186.95 kN

Asw/s = 186.95 x103 / (0.78x392x500x2.5) = 0.489

Provide H10 @ 300 mm, Asw/s = 0.523

ΔFtd = 0.5 VEd cotθ = 0.5x186.95 x2.5 = 233.69 kN

 - From the face of support C

x1 = (VEd - Vmin – 0.15) / wu = (40.39-91.73)/ 77.96 – 0.15 = -0.809 m

1 +(809/300) ≅ 2 shear links spaced on (1-1) x 300 = 300 mm

- From the face of support D

x2 = (VEd - Vmin – 0.15) / wu = (186.95-91.73)/ 77.96 – 0.15 = 1.221 m

1+(1221/300) ≅ 6 shear links spaced on (6-1) x 300 = 1500 mm

4.4 SPAN DE

- Shear links near support D

@ distance d from face of support VEd = 299.65 – 77.96(0.15+0.392) = 257.40 kN

Asw/s = 257.40 x103 / (0.78x392x500x2.5) = 0.673

Provide H10 @ 225 mm, Asw/s = 0.698

ΔFtd = 0.5 VEd cotθ = 0.5x257.40 x2.5 = 321.75 kN

- Minimum shear links @midspan DE

Asw,min/s = 0.08 (fck)0.5bw / fyk = 0.08x(25)0.5x300 / 500 = 0.240

Provide H10 @ 300 mm (Asw/s = 0.523)

Vmin = (Asw/s) x 0.78 dfykcotθ = 0.24x0.78x392x500x2.5x10-3 = 91.73 kN

- Shear links near support E

@ distance d from face of support VEd = 168.11 – 77.96(0.15+0.392) = 125.86 kN

Asw/s = 125.86 x103 / (0.78x392x500x2.5) = 0.329

Provide H10 @ 300 mm, Asw/s = 0.523

ΔFtd = 0.5 VEd cotθ = 0.5x125.86 x2.5 = 157.33 kN

- From the face of support D

x1 = (VEd - Vmin – 0.15) / wu = (257.40-91.73)/ 77.96 – 0.15 = 1.976 m

1 +(1976/300) ≅ 8 shear links spaced on (8-1) x 225 = 1575 mm

- From the face of support E

x2 = (VEd - Vmin – 0.15) / wu = (125.86-91.73)/ 77.96 – 0.15 = 0.288 m

1+(288/300) ≅ 2 shear links spaced on (2-1) x 300 = 300 mm

4.5 SPAN EF

- Shear links near support E

@ distance d from face of support VEd = 155..92 – 77.96(0.15+0.392) = 113.67 kN

Asw/s = 113.67 x103 / (0.78x392x500x2.5) = 0.297

Provide H10 @ 300 mm, Asw/s = 0.523

ΔFtd = 0.5 VEd cotθ = 0.5x113.67 x2.5 = 142.09 kN

- Minimum shear links

Asw,min/s = 0.08 (fck)0.5bw / fyk = 0.08x(25)0.5x300 / 500 = 0.240

Provide H10 @ 300 mm (Asw/s = 0.523)

Vmin = (Asw/s) x 0.78 dfykcotθ = 0.24x0.78x392x500x2.5x10-3 = 91.73 kN

- From the face of support E

x1 = (VEd - Vmin – 0.15) / wu = (113.67-91.73)/ 77.96 -0.15 = 0.131 m

1 +(131/300) ≅ 2 shear links spaced on (2-1) x 300 = 300 mm

SUMMARY OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL BARS

Bar mark Description of Ø of No. of No. of bars Total Cutting Weight

element bars elements length (ml) (kg)
1 SPAN AB 25 1 2 2 7.00 16.45
2 SPAN AB 16 1 2 2 12.40 11.93
3 SPAN AB 16 1 2 2 1.33 1.28
4 SPAN BC 25 1 3 3 1.33 4.69
5 SPAN BC 25 1 3 3 9.90 34.90
6 SPAN BC 16 1 2 2 1.67 1.61
7 SPAN CD 16 1 2 2 10.65 10.25
8 SPAN CD 16 1 2 2 1.33 1.28
9 SPAN CD 20 1 3 3 1.33 3.00
10 SPAN DE 25 1 5 5 1.33 7.81
11 SPAN DE 25 1 3 3 6.50 22.91
12 SPAN EF 16 1 2 2 2.00 1.92
13 SPAN EF 25 1 3 3 2.00 7.05
14 SPAN EF 16 1 2 2 2.62 2.53
15 SHEAR LINK 10 89 1 89 1.40 23.43
@ 10 cm
16 SHEAR LINK 10 59 1 59 1.80 19.63
@ 20 cm
TOTAL (kg) 170.67