Lecture 1:

Introduction to
Microelectronics
COELEC2: Microelectronics
Engr. Alberto C. Cruz Jr.
What is Microelectronics?
Microelectronics is a subfield
of electronics
 Microelectronics is a field in
electronics that utilizes tiny, or
micro, components to
manufacture electronics.
microelectronics relates to the study and
manufacture (or microfabrication) of
very small electronic designs and
components. Usually, but not always,
this means micrometre-scale or
smaller. These devices are typically
made from semiconductor materials.
The term microelectronics is
normally associated with
integrated circuits (IC).
 The design, manufacture,
and use of microchips and
microcircuits.
Microelectronics is knowing how
to make technology.
Introduction

There were many

inventions in the
20th century
Introduction

However, everything has

to be controlled by
electronics
Introduction

During World War II, the need

to reduce the size, weight, and
power of military electronic
systems became important
 Evolution of
Microelectronics
VACUUM-TUBES
Vacuum Tube
•ElectronicCircuits started by the
invention of vacuum tube (Triode) in
1906
Vacuum Tube
Vacuum Tube
Vacuum Tube
Vacuum Tube
•FirstComputer
ENIAC: made of
huge number of
vacuum tubes
1946
•ENIAC – Electronics
Numerical Integrator
Computer
Vacuum Tube
•FirstComputer
ENIAC: made of
huge number of
vacuum tubes
1946
•Designed by John Mauchly
and J. Presper Eckert of the
University of Pennsylvania,
U.S
Vacuum Tube
•First Computer
ENIAC: made of
huge number of
vacuum tubes
1946
•Big size, huge
power, short life
time filament
TRANSISTORS
Transistor
•The field-effect
transistor (FET) is a
transistor that uses an
electric field to control
the shape and hence the
electrical conductivity of
a channel of one type of
charge carrier in a
semiconductor material.
Transistor
•They found amplification
phenomenon when
investigating Ge surface
when putting needles.
•This is the 1st
Transistor (1947)
•Not Field Effect
Transistor, But Bipolar
Transistor (another
mechanism)
TRANSISTOR
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSISTOR
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSISTOR
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSISTOR
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSISTOR
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSISTOR
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSISTOR
TECHNOLOGY
Real small…and impressive…
But very complex sometime…
Transistor

•1960: First MOSFET

•by D. Kahng and M. Atalla
•The metal–oxide–semiconductor
field-effect transistor
(MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS
FET) is a type of transistor used
for amplifying or switching
electronic signals.
INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS (IC)
Integrated Circuit
•William Shockley, who left Bell Labs in
1954 to start its own company in Palo
Alto, CA. --> Silicon Valley
•Young people, such as G. E. Moore and R.
N. Noyce, joined Shockley Company
•Moore and Noyce, the "traitorous", as
Shockley came to call them, set up in
1957 Fairchild
Integrated Circuit
1958: Simultaneously
invented
by two different people:
Jack Kilby (TI):
required wires
Robert Noyce
(Fairchild): used
Evaporated aluminum
Integrated Circuit

1958 Integrated Circuit

Integrated Circuit
•This device, developed
by Robert Noyce in the
late 1950s, was the first
commercially available
integrated circuit (it
was a Flip-Flop).
Courtesy: Fairchild 1961 Integrated Circuit

Semiconductor.
Integrated Circuit

Intel
4004
Integrated Circuit

1972
INTEL 8008
Integrated Circuit

1995
Intel Pentium Pro