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Submitted by: Mark Gonzaga (R06521128) Submitted to: Prof.

On-Lei Annie Kwok


Date Submitted: 2018/5/10 Course: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

HW #5
1. %i)
fid = fopen('CHY047EWACC.txt');
acc = fscanf(fid,'%10f%10f%10f%10f%10f%10f%10f%10f\n');
fclose(fid); ndata = length(acc); dt=0.008;
for i=1:ndata
a2(i)=(acc(i))^2; intensity(i)=trapz(a2)*dt;
end
inten=pi/981*intensity;
IAmax=max(inten)
IAnorm=inten*1/max(inten);
x=linspace(0,120,15000);
index5=find(and(IAnorm<=0.05,IAnorm>0.0499));
index75=find(and(IAnorm<=0.75,IAnorm>0.7499));
index95=find(and(IAnorm<=0.95,IAnorm>0.94998));
x5=x(index5);x75=x(index75);x95=x(index95);
SDuration75=x75-x5
SDuration95=x95-x5
figure(1);
plot(x,IAnorm)
hold on
plot(x5, IAnorm(index5),'-o')
plot(x75, IAnorm(index75),'-o')
plot(x95, IAnorm(index95),'-o')
xlabel("Time (sec)")
ylabel("I_{A,norm}")
hold off
𝐼𝐴,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 204.20
𝑡5−75 = 21.4 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑡5−95 = 34.5 𝑠𝑒𝑐
Submitted by: Mark Gonzaga (R06521128) Submitted to: Prof. On-Lei Annie Kwok
Date Submitted: 2018/5/10 Course: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

%ii)
fal=fft(acc);
fnyq=1/2/dt
df=1/dt/ndata;
freq1=0:df:(fnyq-df);
freq2=-fnyq:df:-df; freq=[freq1,freq2];
fal_shift=fftshift(fal);
freq_shift=fftshift(freq);
fal_amp=abs(fal_shift)/ndata;
fal_phase=angle(fal_shift);

range=find(and(freq_shift<10,freq_shift>-10));
figure(2);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(freq_shift(range),fal_amp(range));
xlabel("Frequency (Hz)")
ylabel("A")
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(freq_shift(range),fal_phase(range));
xlabel("Frequency (Hz)")
ylabel("\phi (rad)")

𝑓𝑁𝑌𝑄 =62.5 Hz
Submitted by: Mark Gonzaga (R06521128) Submitted to: Prof. On-Lei Annie Kwok
Date Submitted: 2018/5/10 Course: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

%iii
meanperiod=1/mean(abs(freq_shift))

𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 0.032 𝑠𝑒𝑐


%iv
freq3=find(freq_shift>3);freqneg3=find(freq_shift<-3);
zero=[freqneg3,freq3];
fal_shift(zero)=0;
acc2=ifft(fal_shift);
figure(3);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(x,acc)
title("Original Time History")
xlabel("Time (sec)")
ylabel("Acceleration (cm/s^2)")
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(x,acc2)
title("Altered Time History")
xlabel("Time (sec)")
ylabel("Acceleration (cm/s^2)")

The altered time history is symmetric about the horizontal axis and looks denser than the original.

range2=find(and(freq_shift<1,freq_shift>-1));
k=abs(acc2);
sort(k,
for i=7382:7620
newamp(i)=2*k(i);
end
newampvector=[k(1:7381),newamp,k(7621:ndata)];

for j=1:ndata,
rpart(j)=newampvector(j)*cos(m(j));
ipart(j)=(-1)^0.5*newampvector(j)*sin(m(j));
newfal(j)=rpart(j)+ipart(j);
end
newacc=ifft(newfal);
Submitted by: Mark Gonzaga (R06521128) Submitted to: Prof. On-Lei Annie Kwok
Date Submitted: 2018/5/10 Course: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

2. 𝜆 = 7 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

(𝜆 ∙ ∆𝑡)𝑥 𝑒 −𝜆∙∆𝑡
𝑃(𝑥, 𝜆 ∙ ∆𝑡) =
𝑥!
(i) No earthquake for the next 3 years
(7 × 3)0 𝑒 −7×3
𝑃(𝑋 = 0) =
0!

𝑃(𝑋 = 0) = 7.58 × 10−10


(ii) At least 20 earthquakes for the next 3 years
19
(𝜆 ∙ ∆𝑡) 𝑥 𝑒 −𝜆∙∆𝑡
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 20) = 1 − ∑ = 1 − 0.3843
𝑥!
𝑥=0

𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 20) = 0.616


(iii) 3.5 earthquake for the half-year

Using the gamma function:



𝛤(𝛼) = (𝛼 − 1)! = ∫ 𝑥 𝛼−1 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
9
With number of occurrences, 𝛼 − 1 = 3.5; 𝛼 = 4.5 𝑜𝑟
2

9 7 7 7 5 5 7 5 3 3 7 5 3 1 1
𝛤( ) = 𝛤( ) = ∙ 𝛤( ) = ∙ ∙ 𝛤( ) = ∙ ∙ ∙ 𝛤( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
With 𝛤 (2) = √𝜋,

9 7 5 3 1 105
𝛤 ( ) = ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ √𝜋 = √𝜋 𝑜𝑟 23.263
2 2 2 2 2 8
(𝜆 ∙ ∆𝑡)𝑥 𝑒 −𝜆∙∆𝑡 (7 × 0.5)3.5 𝑒 −7×0.5
𝑃(𝑋 = 3.5) = =
𝛤(𝛼) 23.263

𝑃(𝑋 = 3.5) = 0.104

3. (i)

Moment Magnitude # of Earthquakes m λm log10λm lnλm


3-4 1800 3 1976 3.296 7.589
4-5 150 4 176 2.246 5.170
5-6 20 5 26 1.415 3.258
6-7 5 6 6 0.778 1.792
>7 1 7 1 0.000 0.000

log10 𝜆𝑚 = 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑚

ln 𝜆𝑚 = 𝛼 − 𝛽𝑚

By linear regression,
Submitted by: Mark Gonzaga (R06521128) Submitted to: Prof. On-Lei Annie Kwok
Date Submitted: 2018/5/10 Course: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

𝑎 = 5.576
𝑏 = 0.806
𝛼 = 12.840
𝛽 = 1.856
(ii)
𝑓(𝑚) = 𝛽 exp[−𝛽(𝑚 − 𝑚0 )] ; 𝑚0 = 3

2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400 m ƒ(m)
1.200
3 1.856
4 0.290
ƒ(m)

1.000
5 0.045
0.800
6 0.007
0.600
7 0.001
0.400
0.200
0.000
3 4 5 6 7 8
Mw

5
𝑃(5.0 > 𝑀 > 4.0) = ∫ 1.856𝑒 −1.856(𝑚−3) 𝑑𝑚
4

𝑃(5.0 > 𝑀 > 4.0) = 0.132


(iii)
𝛽 exp[−𝛽(𝑚 − 𝑚0 )]
𝑓(𝑚) = ; 𝑚 = 3, 𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 6.5
1 − exp[−𝛽(𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑚0 )] 0

2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
m ƒ(m)
1.200
3 1.858
ƒ(m)

1.000
4 0.291
0.800 5 0.045
0.600 6 0.007
0.400 7 0.001
0.200
0.000
3 4 5 6
Mw
Submitted by: Mark Gonzaga (R06521128) Submitted to: Prof. On-Lei Annie Kwok
Date Submitted: 2018/5/10 Course: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

5
1.856 exp[−1.856(𝑚 − 3)]
𝑃(5.0 > 𝑀 > 4.0) = ∫ 𝑑𝑚
4 1 − exp[−1.856(6.5 − 3)]

𝑃(5.0 > 𝑀 > 4.0) = 0.132


4. (i)

𝑚𝑢 = 6.9, 𝑚0 = 5, 𝑏 = 0.9
Assume 𝑎 = 5.5
𝛼 = 5.5 ln 10 = 12.664; 𝛽 = 0.9 ln 10 = 2.072

2.072 exp[−2.072(𝑚 − 5)]


𝑓(𝑚) =
1 − exp[−2.072(6.9 − 5)]

Mw ƒ(m)
5 2.114
6 0.266
6.9 0.041

2.500

2.000

1.500
ƒ(m)

1.000

0.500

0.000
5 6 7
Mw

(ii) 𝜇 = 3 × 1011 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒⁄𝑐𝑚2 , 𝐴 = 𝐿𝑊 = 70 × 20 = 1400 𝑘𝑚2 , 𝑠 = 1 𝑚𝑚⁄𝑦𝑟 , 𝑀0 = 101.5𝑚+16.1

𝜇𝐴𝑠 (3 × 1011 )(1400)(1000002 )(1)(10−1 )


𝜆𝑚0 = 𝑚 =
∫𝑚 𝑢 𝑓(𝑚)𝑀0 (𝑚)𝑑𝑚 6.9 2.072 exp[−2.072(𝑚 − 5)]
0 ∫5 [ ] 101.5𝑚+16.1 𝑑𝑚
1 − exp[−2.072(1.9)]

4.2 × 1023
𝜆𝑚0 =
7.798 × 1024

𝜆𝑚0 = 0.054 /𝑦𝑟

(iii)
Submitted by: Mark Gonzaga (R06521128) Submitted to: Prof. On-Lei Annie Kwok
Date Submitted: 2018/5/10 Course: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

2.072 exp[−2.072(𝑚 − 5)] 1


, 5 ≤ 𝑥 < 6.4
1 − exp[−2.072(6.4 − 5)] 1 + 𝐶
𝑓(𝑥) =
2.072 exp[−2.072(5.9 − 5)] 1
, 6.4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6.9
{ 1 − exp[−2.072(6.4 − 5)] 1 + 𝐶

2.072 exp[−2.072(5.9 − 5)]


𝐶= × 0.5 = 0.170
1 − exp[−2.072(6.4 − 5)]

2.000
1.800
1.600 Mw ƒ(m)
1.400 5 1.875
5.5 0.665
1.200
6 0.236
ƒ(m)

1.000
6.4 0.290
0.800
6.9 0.290
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
5 6 7
Mw

Check:
6.4 6.9
2.072 exp[−2.072(𝑚 − 5)] 1 2.072 exp[−2.072(5.9 − 5)] 1
𝑃𝐷𝐹 = ∫ 𝑑𝑚 + ∫ 𝑑𝑚
5 1 − exp[−2.072(6.4 − 5)] 1.170 6.4 1 − exp[−2.072(6.4 − 5)] 1.170

𝑃𝐷𝐹 = 0.855 + 0.145 = 1


(iv) 𝜆𝑐 = 0.00099 /𝑦𝑟

6.9
2.072 exp[−2.072(5.9 − 5)] 1
( 𝜇𝐴𝑠)𝑐 = 0.00099 ∫ 101.5𝑚+16.1 𝑑𝑚
6.4 1 − exp[−2.072(6.4 − 5)] 1.170

( 𝜇𝐴𝑠)𝑐 = 1.928 × 1022

(v)

𝜇𝐴𝑠 (3 × 1011 )(1400)(1000002 )(1)(10−1 ) 4.2 × 1023


𝜆𝑚0 = 𝑚 −𝛥𝑚2 = =
∫𝑚 𝑢 𝑓(𝑚)𝑀0 (𝑚)𝑑𝑚 6.4 2.072 exp[−2.072(𝑚 − 5)] 1 1.5𝑚+16.1 𝑑𝑚 3.197 × 1024
∫5 [ ] 10
0 1 − exp[−2.072(1.4)] 1.170

𝜆𝑚0 = 0.131 /𝑦𝑟

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