c
The Centre approves the proposal of the US-based soft drinks major

PepsiCo to inject additional equity of $200 million (around Rs. 930

crore) into its Indian arm within three years.
 The Planning Commission constitutes a 25-member expert panel to
c
explore options before the country for a low-carbon economy.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) sanctions $150 million aid for
the Khadi and Village Industries Board (KVIB)
 Two ballistic flight tests of Astra, the Beyond-Visual-Range Air-to-Air
c
Missile (BVRAAM), are successfully carried out fom the Integrated
Test Range (ITR) at Balasore, Orissa.
Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh launches the Jawaharlal Nehru
Solar Mission, or "Solar India"
India and Bangladesh Prime Minister Ms. Sheikh Hasina and her
Indian counterpart Dr. Manmohan Singh, the pacts are aimed at
bolstering Bilateral ties.
 Seeking to aggressively pursue export of products to China and
c
Japan, the centre announces the inclusion of both the countries in
the MarketLinked Focused Programme (MLFP) scheme; the Centre
also unleashes incentive worth Rs. %00 crore for exporters,
especially those in the labour intensive sectors.
 The Centre announces a slew of new measures to curb the soaring
c
price of essential commodities.
 India and France exchange the instruments of ratification of the
c
agreement on civil nuclear energy cooperation, bringing into force
the historic Indo-FRance N-deal
The Central Government allows ONGC Videsh to invest $39 million
(Rs.1,651 crore) for oil exploration in two deep-sea blocks in Nigeria
over the next five years.
 The millennium's longest (11-Minute) annular solar eclipse covers a
c
swathe of 1000 km in India; the spectacle enthrals millions.
The Central agrees to releas Rs. 12,000 crore in cash to loss-making
state-run oil companies to cover for their losses in the 2009-10
fiscal.
  The Union Ministry of Environment and Forests decides to conduct a
c
vulnerability line mapping along the country's coastline, to ensure
the safety of those living close to the coast.
The Centre annoumces that the next assembling centre for the
BrahMos missiles will be Rajasthan's Pilani. At present BrahMos
missiles are assembled only in Hyderabad.

 Jyoti Basu, the famous Leftist icon of India, passes away at the age
c
of 95 in Kolkata, West Bengal.
 The Suprime Court extends to June 30, 2010 the deadline for the
c
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) to fix the tariff for the
Direct-to-Home (DTH) platform.
 At the joint Economic Group (JEG) dialogue held in Beiging (China),
c
India and China agree to work together to bridge the widening trade
gap between the two nations.
 Malaysian Premier Md. Najib Tun Razak visit India; during this visit,
c
India and Malaysia sign an extradition treaty and two two other
accords on economic cooperation and higher education.
 Former Foreign Secretary Mr. Shiv Shankar Menon is appointed as a
c
new National Security Adviser (NSA); he succeeds Mr. M.K.
Narayanan.
The Cabinate Committee on Infrastructure accords in-principle
approval for the establishment of the National Knowledge Network
(NKN) that will interconnect all knowledge institutions of the
country.
 Lt. Gen. Vijay Kumar Singh is appointed the new chief of the Army
c
Staff; he succeeds Gen,Deepak Kapoor.
 Maldives President Mohamed Nasheed attend and delivers the
c
keynote address at the 16th edition of the India-maldivas
Partnership Summit, organised by the Confederation of India
Industry (CII) in chennai, Tamil nadu.
 The second ministerial-level meeting of the BASIC group of nations-
c
Comprising China, India,South Africa and Brazil-is held in New Delhi.
In a milestone, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
tests its biggest and most powerful rocked motor called the S-200,
powered by 200 tonnes of solid propellant. The test is conducted at
Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
 The Civilian Awards for 2010 are announced on the eve of the
c
nation's 61st Republic Daky; in all, the President approves the
names of 130 persons for the awards -6 for Padma Vibhushan, 43
for Padma Bhushan and 81 for Padma Shri. The President also
approves 442 gallantry awards.
India and South Korea sign four crucial agreement in various
sectors; the agreements are signed in New Delhi during the state
visit of South Korean Prime Minister Mr,Lee Myung -bak.
  Hon,ble President Ms. Pratibha Patel confers the gallantruy awards
c
on the recipients on the occasion of the 61st Republic Day; Visiting
South Korean Premier Mr.Lee Myung-bak takes part in the Repubic
Day celebrations in New Delhi as the chief guest.

 Seeking to enhance its presence in mineral and oil rich African
c
counries. The agreement is signed in Luanda , Angola.
 The 2010 Environmental performance Index,released worldwide,
c
places India at the 123rd rank among 163 countries; the list is
topped by Iceland.
 In a move to contain rising inflation, the Reserve Bank of India
c
(RBI) hikes the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)-the portion that
commercial banks are required to keep with the central bank-by 75
basis points from 5 percent to 5.75 percent.
 The high-level task force, constitude toset a growth agenda for the
c
development of the micro,small and medium enterprises (MSME)
sector, submits its recommemdation to prime Minister Dr.Manmohan
Singh.
India submits its emission cut proposals to the UN; in its proposals,
India says that it will endeavour to reduce its emission intensity by
20-25 percent by 2020 in comparison to the 2005 levels.
 In a step that could creat a major socio-political impact in Punjab as
c
well as other parts of the country, Dera Sachkhand Ballan
announces a new religion, Ravidassia Dharm; it is also announced
that the community will have its own separate religion book, Amrit
Bani Guru Ravidass.




c
Afghan President Mr.Hamid KarZai submits a new list of Cabinet
nominees to replace Ministers rejected
by the nation's parlaiment.
 Reports reveal that after a 13-month slump, China's exports posted
c
strong growth in December 2009, helping the country surpass
germany to become the world's largest exporter.

Mr. Ivo Josipovic is elected the President of croatia.

 Sri Lanka and India sign a commercial pact in colombo, with India
c
Promising the island nation an assistance of $185 million for the
construction of a Railway Line in the War-torn Northern Province of
Sri Lanka.
 Foreign Ministers of Afganistan , Pakistan and host United Arab
c
Emirates (UAE) , along with the reoresentatives of 40 countries, the
European Union (EU) and the UN Mision in Afghanistan, hold a
crucial security meet in Abu Dhabi.

An earthquake of a catastrophic 7.0 magnitude devastates the

Caribbean nation Haiti, killing Lakhs of People and rendering millions
homeless.
 Internet Giant Google threatens to close its operations in china,
c
following a string of vicious cyber attacks on its services.
 Japan and Germany agree to work together on climate change,
c
nuclear disarmament and rebuilding Afghanistan , during aTokyo
visit by german Foreign minister Mr. guido Westerwelle.
 Russia lifts its opposition to a long-delayed reform of the European
c
Court if Human rights in a major gesture towards the west; the new
move will also improve the Russian legal system.
  The Government of hong Kong approves a controversial $8.6 bollion
c
rail link to China's high-speed rail network.

 Amnesty international accuses Israel of ''collectively punishing'' the
c
population of the Gaza Strip with border closures.
 Chilean billionaire Mr. Sebastian Pinera is elected as the nation's
c
President; with his election, the latin American nation Witnesses a
political shift to the right to the right after 20 years of leftist rule.
 Cadbury, the flagbearer of the British Chocolate industry , is
c
acquired by US giant Kraft Foods for $19 billion ; the amalgamation
creates a world leader in food and confectionery.
 In a major setback for US President Mr. Barack obama, Republican
c
Mr.Scott Brown Captures the US Senate seat held by the legendary
Democrat Edward Kennedy for neraly half a century.
 A report released by the Chinese Government reveals that after
c
suffering one of its worst declines in decades, China's econiomy has
rebounded strongly, recording 8.7 percent growth in 2009.
 In a Crucial Development, the Us Supreme Court that labour unions
c
and corporations can spend unlimited amounts to influence federal
elections, throwing out a ban that had been in effect for 63 years.
 A year after the Gaza War, Israel pays the Un $10.5 million as
c
compensation for danaging its offices during an attack by its
defence forces.
 Afghanistan postpones parliamentary elections for four months ,
c
saying it will not be safe to hold elections amid a spiralling Taliban
Insurgency.
 Dalai Lama's envoys arrive in Beijing for the resumption of talks
c
with china, Which have been suspended since November 2008 over
disagreements on the question of Tibet's autonomy.
  In a Significant development, the UN Framework Convention on
c
Climate Change (UNFCCC) says that the Copenhagen Accord,
finalised at the Copenhagen Conference in December 2009, is not a
legally binding document but merely a political one.

 Sri Lankan President Mr. Mahinda Rajapaksa is re-elected for a
c
second term; in the presidential elections, he beats former army
chief Gen. (Retd.) Sarath Fonseka by a comfortable margin.

The World Economic Forum summit is convened in Davos,

Switzerland.
 Spelling bad news for outsourcing hubs including India, US President
c
Mr. Barack Obama says in his 2010 state of the Union Address that
his government will cut tax breaks of companies that outsource jobs
to offshore destinations.
 Microsoft Founder Mr. Bill Gates announces that his foundation will
c
commit $10 billion over the next decade to research and deliver
vaccines to the poorest nations of the world.
 Russia seals a multi- billion dollar package of seals to supply
c
weapons to Lybia, Signalling a return to the strategically important
region of North Africa.`
 Faced with growing discontent over land seizures by the
c
government and real estate developers , china's State Council
announces a major overhaul of land laws that will slowthe process of
home demolitions and give home owners greater compensations for
their land.
 

 A report released by the centre shows that continuing with a rising
trend for the second consecutive month India's exports registered a
9.3 percent growth in December 2009, while imports also turned
positive after posting negative growth for the last 11 months.
 German President Dr. horst Koehler arrivesin India on a statet visit;
during his meeting with Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, India
and Germany decide to setup security and economic cooperation by
finalising host of cricial pacts.
 The Centre Constitutes a high-level committee, headed by justice
B.N. SriKrishna, on the Telangana issue, '' to hold wide-ranging
consultations with all sections of the people and political parties and
groups in Andhra pradesh.
The government- appointed kirit ParikhCommitte recommends
complete decontrol of petrol and diesel prices; a hike of Rs.100 per
LPG cylinder and an increase of Rs. 6 a litre of Kerosene.
 India and the UK agree on a text of a civil nuclearcooperation deal
that is likely to be signed soon on a convenient date; the agreement
is reached in London, UK, in a meeting between British Business
Secretary Mr. Peter Mandelson and Visiting Indian Commerce and
Industry Minister mr. Anand Sharma.
 The Ministers of Health and family Welfare and Railways sign an
 Mou for developing healthcare infrastructutre along the railway
network across the country.
Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh inaguurates the Delhi
Sustainable Development Summit (DSDS) in New Delhi.
 The Chief Ministers' Conference on Price Rise is Convened in New
Delhi; at the Conference, the government decides to setup a high-
profile standing Core Group to suggest measures to tackle price rise.

 The Chief Ministers' Conference on Internal security is held in New

Delhi; Various crucial issues are discussed in the meeting.

Agni-III, the longest- range(3,500km) N-Capable missile in India's

arsenal. is successfully test-fired from the Wheeler Island off Orrisa.




 US President Mr. Barack Obama unveils a $3.83 trillion budget in
the cingress; the new budget will pour more money into the fight
against unemployment, boost taxes on the wealthy , and freeze
spending on a numbers of government programmes.
 Amnesty International appoints Mr. Salil Shetty , an Indian who
headed the UN Millennium Mission, as its enxt Secretary General.
The US Government Proposes $3.2 billion in assistance to pakistan
in fiscal 2011 , a substantial jump in American aid to that country.
 Iran announces its readiness to send abroad the bulk of its low-
enriched uranium stocks in return for its Tehran research reactor.
 Russia offers to send narcotics police to Afghanistan to shore up the
global fight against drug porduction and trafficking in that country.
 A Landmark dael batween Northern Ireland's two major political
parties,the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Fein, Removes
the last hurdle to granting full autonomy to the province envisaged
inthe 1998 Good Friday Agreement thet brought decades of
sectarian violence to an end.
 Resourcehouse , an Australian mining firm, signs a record $60
billion deal to supply coal to energy-hungry China for the next 20
years. it is the biggest ever xeport contract in Australia's history.

 Iran president Mr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad orders the cheif of the
nuclear progremme to begin higher uranium enrichment , days after
the country seemed to have accepted a UN-drafted nuclear deal.


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space radio
communications.

%

&
&*  Provides training
- 

0
%& )" and research to
 - 1965 New York help faciliated UN
objectives of
world peace and
 security and of
economic and
social progress.

% 
& 
% Provides basic
< # &
 *0& amenities and
 1949 New York education for the
victim of Arab-
Israel War.

% 
&*
%  Studying
#3* 
)>&# population
dynamics,
collecting
population data,
formulating and
1967 New York
evolving
population
policies, family
planning and
related
programmes.


-È -=- ;2A;: :- ;

In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United
Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United
Nations Charter. The Organization officially came into existence on 24
October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the
Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other
signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October.
!" 
The Charter is the constituting instrument of the United Nations, setting out
the rights and obligations of Member States, and establishing the
Organization's organs and procedures.
#*3&&
The purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in the Charter, are to
maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations
among nations; to cooperate in solving international economic, social,
cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human
rights and fundamental freedoms; and to be a centre for harmonizing the
actions of nations in attaining these ends.
2*)*
The six principal organs of the United Nations, are the: :
 &&'.,
2)*. !*
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), -*&&"3 !*
),



!* c*&) and 2)  .

:
 &&'.

It consists of all member states of the U.N. Each member nation can send
five delegates but each nation has only one vote. The General Assembly
meets in regular session beginning in September each year.

2)*.!*
)

It is the executive body of the U.N. It consists of total 15 members, out of

which 5 members are permanent and the remaining 10 members are non-
permanent. China, France, Russia, UK and USA are the permanent
members. tHe non-permanent members are elected by the General
Assembly for 2 years from among the member states. The permanent
members of the security council have got veto power. Any matter supported
by the majority of the members fails to be carried through if negative vote is
cast by any of the permanent members.

)
')
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)

This organ of the U. N. consists of 54 representatives of the member

countries elected by a two third majority of the General Assembly.



!* c*&)

It is the principal judicail organ of the United Nations. The headquarters of

the International court of justice is at the Hague (Netherland). The court
consists of 15 judges.

-*&&"3!*
)
This organ consists of 14 members out of which five are the permanent
members of the security council.

2)  

This organ of the United nations is the chief administrative office which
coordnates and supervises the activites of the U. N. This secretariat is
headed by a Secretary General who is appointed by the General Assembly
on the recomendation of the Security Coulcil' Secretary General of the U. N.
is elected for five years and eligible for re-election. The present Secretary
General is Baan ki Moon

The United Nations family, however, is much larger, encompassing 15

agencies and several programmes and bodies.
*%0
The budget for the two years 2000-2001 is $2,535 million. The main source
of funds is the contributions of Member States, which are assessed on a
scale approved by the General Assembly.
The fundamental criterion on which the scale of assessments is based is the
capacity of countries to pay. This is determined by considering their relative
shares of total gross national product, adjusted to take into account a
number of factors, including their per capita incomes. In addition, countries
are assessed -- in accordance with a modified version of the basic scale --
for the costs of peacekeeping operations, which stood at around $2 billion in
2000.
-"
% 
& '.
The United Nations family of organizations is made up of the United Nations
Secretariat, the United Nations programmes and funds -- such as the UN
Children¶s Fund (UNICEF) and the UN Development Programme (UNDP) --
and the specialized agencies. The programmes, funds and agencies have
their own governing bodies and budgets, and set their own standards and
guidelines. Together, they provide technical assistance and other forms of
practical help in virtually all areas of economic and social endeavour.
-- ;ß#!=2! -
One of the primary purposes of the United Nations is the maintenance of
international peace and security. Since its creation, the United Nations has
often been called upon to prevent disputes from escalating into war, to
persuade opposing parties to use the conference table rather than force of
arms, or to help restore peace when conflict does break out. Over the
decades, the United Nations has helped to end numerous conflicts, often
through actions of the Security Council ² the primary organ for dealing with
issues of international peace and security.
The Security Council, the General Assembly and the Secretary-General all
play major, complementary roles in fostering peace and security. United
Nations activities cover the areas of prevention and peacemaking,
peacekeeping, peace-building and disarmament.
!>)
)&
During the 1990s, there have been major changes in the patterns of conflict
with more than 90 per cent of conflicts taking place within, rather than
between, states.
The United Nations has therefore reshaped and enhanced the range of
instruments at its command, emphasizing conflict prevention, continually
adapting peacekeeping operations, involving regional organizations, and
strengthening post-conflict peace-building.
To deal with civil conflicts, the Security Council has authorized complex and
innovative peacekeeping operations. In El Salvador and Guatemala, in
Cambodia and in Mozambique, the UN played a major role in ending war and
fostering reconciliation.
Other conflicts, however ² in Somalia, Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia ²
often characterized by ethnic violence, brought new challenges to the UN
peacemaking role. Confronted with the problems encountered, the Security
Council did not establish any operation from 1995 to 1997.
But the essential role of peacekeeping has once more been dramatically
reaffirmed.
Continuing crises in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central
African Republic, East Timor, Kosovo, Sierra Leone, and Ethiopia-Eritrea led
the Council to establish six new missions in 1998-2000.
# )B*%
0
The experience of recent years has also led the United Nations to focus as
never before on peace-building ² action to support structures that will
strengthen and consolidate peace. Experience has shown that keeping
peace, in the sense of avoiding military conflict, is not sufficient for
establishing a secure and lasting peace. Such security can only be achieved
by helping countries to foster economic development, social justice, human
rights protection, good governance and the democratic process.
!;;( !=2;! ß=Cß;#(-
Although most people associate the United Nations with the issues of peace
and security, the vast majority of its resources are devoted to economic
development, social development and sustainable development. United
Nations development efforts have profoundly affected the lives and well-
being of millions of people throughout the world. Guiding the United Nations
work is the conviction that lasting international peace and security are
possible only if the economic and social well-being of people everywhere is
assured.
Many of the economic and social transformations that have taken place
globally in the last five decades have been significantly affected in their
direction and shape by the work of the United Nations. As the global centre
for consensus-building, the United Nations has set priorities and goals for
international cooperation to assist countries in their development efforts and
to foster a supportive global economic environment.
!''

&&
International debate on economic and social issues has increasingly reflected
the common interest of rich and poor countries in solving the many
problems that transcend national boundaries. Issues such as the
environment, refugees, organized crime, drug trafficking and AIDS are seen
as global problems requiring coordinated action. The impact of poverty and
unemployment in one region can be quickly felt in others, not least through
migration, social disruption and conflict. Similarly, in the age of a global
economy, financial instability in one country is immediately felt in the
markets of others.
!%

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The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is the principal body
coordinating the economic and social work of the United Nations. It is
serviced by the Department for Economic and Social Affairs. The entire
family of United Nations organizations works for economic, social and
sustainable development.
È( :È-2
Virtually every United Nations body and specialized agency is involved to
some degree in the protection of human rights.
One of the great achievements of the United Nations is the creation of a
comprehensive body of human rights law, which, for the first time in history,
provides us with a universal and internationally protected code of human
rights, one to which all nations can subscribe and to which all people can
aspire.
Not only has the United Nations painstakingly defined a broad range of
internationally accepted rights; it has also established mechanisms with
which to promote and protect these rights and to assist governments in
carrying out their responsibilities.
È*'
0"& 1
The foundations of this body of law are the United Nations Charter and the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in
1948. Since then, the United Nations has gradually expanded human rights
law to encompass specific standards for women, children, disabled persons,
minorities, migrant workers and other vulnerable groups, who now possess
rights that protect them from discriminatory practices that had long been
common in many societies. Rights have been extended through
groundbreaking General Assembly decisions that have gradually established
their universality, indivisibility and interrelatedness with development and
democracy.
È*'
0"& )

Education campaigns have tirelessly informed the world¶s public of their
inalienable rights, while numerous national judicial and penal systems have
been enhanced with United Nations training programmes and technical
advice. The United Nations machinery to monitor compliance with human
rights covenants has acquired a remarkable cohesiveness and weight.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights works to
strengthen and coordinate United Nations work for the protection and
promotion of all human rights of all persons around the world. The
Secretary-General has made human rights the central theme that unifies the
Organization¶s work.
=!;ß; :- ;
More than 80 nations whose peoples were under colonial rule have joined
the United Nations as sovereign independent states since the UN was
founded in 1945. Many other Territories have achieved self-determination
through political association with other independent states or through
integration with other states. The United Nations has played a crucial role in
that historic change by encouraging the aspirations of dependent peoples
and by setting goals and standards to accelerate their attainment of
independence. The Organization has also supervised elections leading to
independence ² in Togoland (1956 and 1968), Western Samoa (1961),
Namibia (1989) and most recently a popular consultation in East Timor
(1999).
2 B%'


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The decolonization efforts of the United Nations derive from the Charter
principle of ³equal rights and self-determination of peoples´, as well as from
three specific chapters in the Charter devoted to the interests of dependent
peoples. Since 1960, the United Nations has also been guided by the
General Assembly¶s Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial
Countries and Peoples, by which Member States proclaimed the necessity of
bringing colonialism to a speedy end. The Organization has also been guided
by General Assembly resolution 1541 (XV) of 1960, which defined the three
options offering full self-government for Non-Self-Governing Territories.

<@& ' *"@& '
A Gift of Monotheists Ram Mohan Roy
A Minister and his Responsibilities Morarji Bhai Desai
Surendra Nath
A Nation is Making
Bandhopadhye
A Pair of Blue Eyes Thomash Hardy
A Passage to India E. M. Foster
A Revenue Stamp (autobiography) Amrita Pritam
A Strange and Sublime Address Amit Choudhary
A Suitable Boy Bikram Seth
A Tale of Two Cities Charls Dikens
A Voice of Freedom Nayantara Shehgal
A week with Gandhi L. Fischer
Adventures of Sherlock Homes Arther Canon Doel
All the Prime Minister's Men Janardan Thakur
Allahabad Prasasti Harisen
Amukta Malyad Krishna Deva Raya
An Unknown Indian Nirod C. Choudhary
Bankim Chandra
Anand Math
Chattopadhaye
Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy
Apple Cart G. B. Shaw
Astyadhaye Panini
Bandit Queen Mala Sen
Bengali Zamindar Nilmoni Mukherjee
Bicramanchadev Bilhon
Blind Beauty Boris Pasternak
Buddhacharit Asha Ghosh
Captive Lady Michel Madhusudan Dutta
Causes of the Indian Mutiny Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan
Chidambara S. N. Panth
Circle of the Region Amitabha Ghosh
City of Job Charnak Nisith Ranjan Roy
Commedy Errors Shekhspear
Coolie Mulkraj Anand
Crisis of India Ronal Segal
Das Capital Karl Marks
Death of President W. Marchent
Decamaren Bocachio
Desert Village Oliver Goldsmith
Bankim Chandra
Devi Chaudharani
Chattopadhaye
Devine Comedi Dante
Divine Life Sivanand
Economic History of India Ramesh Chandra Dutta
End and Means Huxlay
Faust Goethe
Ferary Queen Edmond Spensar
Freedom at Midnight Lapierre & Collins
Friend Not Master Ayub Khan
Gathering Strom Churchil
Ghulam Giri Jyotiba Phule
Manohar and Sarita
Great Indian and Their Landmark Speeches
Prabhakar
Guid R. K. Narayanan
Gurdbaho Bakpatiraj
Hero of Nymph Aurobindo Ghosh
Hind Swaraj M. K. Gandhi
Hindu View of Life S. Radhakrishnan
I follow the Mahatma K. M. Munshi
 Author's Name
Book's Name
A Gift of Monotheists Ram Mohan Roy
A Minister and his Responsibilities Morarji Bhai Desai
Surendra Nath
A Nation is Making
Bandhopadhye
A Pair of Blue Eyes Thomash Hardy
A Passage to India E. M. Foster
A Revenue Stamp (autobiography) Amrita Pritam
A Strange and Sublime Address Amit Choudhary
A Suitable Boy Bikram Seth
A Tale of Two Cities Charls Dikens
A Voice of Freedom Nayantara Shehgal
A week with Gandhi L. Fischer
Adventures of Sherlock Homes Arther Canon Doel
All the Prime Minister's Men Janardan Thakur
Allahabad Prasasti Harisen
Amukta Malyad Krishna Deva Raya
An Unknown Indian Nirod C. Choudhary
Bankim Chandra
Anand Math
Chattopadhaye
Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy
Apple Cart G. B. Shaw
Astyadhaye Panini
Bandit Queen Mala Sen
Bengali Zamindar Nilmoni Mukherjee
Bicramanchadev Bilhon
Blind Beauty Boris Pasternak
Buddhacharit Asha Ghosh
Captive Lady Michel Madhusudan Dutta
Causes of the Indian Mutiny Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan
Chidambara S. N. Panth
Circle of the Region Amitabha Ghosh
City of Job Charnak Nisith Ranjan Roy
Commedy Errors Shekhspear
Coolie Mulkraj Anand
Crisis of India Ronal Segal
Das Capital Karl Marks
Death of President W. Marchent
Decamaren Bocachio
Desert Village Oliver Goldsmith
Bankim Chandra
Devi Chaudharani
Chattopadhaye
Devine Comedi Dante
Divine Life Sivanand
Economic History of India Ramesh Chandra Dutta
End and Means Huxlay
Faust Goethe
Ferary Queen Edmond Spensar
Freedom at Midnight Lapierre & Collins
Friend Not Master Ayub Khan
Gathering Strom Churchil
Ghulam Giri Jyotiba Phule
Manohar and Sarita
Great Indian and Their Landmark Speeches
Prabhakar
Guid R. K. Narayanan
Gurdbaho Bakpatiraj
Hero of Nymph Aurobindo Ghosh
Hind Swaraj M. K. Gandhi
Hindu View of Life S. Radhakrishnan
I follow the Mahatma K. M. Munshi
Book's Name Author's Name
The Nehrus; Motilal and Jawaharlal B. R. Nanda
The Prince Maciavaly
The Satanic Verse Salman Rushdi
The Science of Bharat Natyam Saroja Vaidyanathan
The Silent Cry Kenjaburo Ue
The Spirit of Islam Syyed Amir Ali
The White Tiger Aravind Adiga
Theory of Relativity Alexander Doma
Three Marketiars Einstein
To all fighters of freedom, Why Socialism? J. P. Narayan
Two Leaves and a Bud Mulkraj Anand
Unhappy India L. Roy
Urbashi R. D. Dinkar
Utopia Thomas Moor
Vision of the Past Michel Madhusudan Dutta
Volga Se Ganga Rahul Sankritayan
War and Peace Tolstoy
What Congress and Gandhi have done to the
B. R. Ambedkar
untouchables


( / 0 
#/)&

% 

 0 /*
& 0  
%"  # %&"A on the Krishna river near
Nandikona village (about 44 km from Hyderabad.)
-*
0 " % (Joint project of Andhra Pradesh and Karnatka): On the
Tungabhadra river.
:
% < (joint project of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh): Nepal also derives
irrigation and power benefits from this project.
4&(Bihar): A multipurpose project , which serves bihar and Nepal.  
2
 "0" > )
 (Bihar) : an extention on sone barrage project.
4 < 3   (Gujarat) : on the Tapti river near Kakrapara , in surat
district.
<  (Gujarat): A multiupurpose project, across Tapti river near Ukai
village.
( " (Gujarat ): A two ± phase project , one across the Mahi river near
Wanakbori village and the other across Mahi river near Kadana.
2  '  (Gujarat): A storage dam across Sabarmati river near Dhari
village in Mehsana district and Wasna barrage near Ahmedabad.
#
' (Gujarat): A masonry dam across Panam river near Keldezar
village in Panchmahals district.
4 /
(Gujarat):A masonry dam across Karjan river near Jiotgarh village
in Nandoo Taluka of Bharuch district.
" % (Karnataka ):A multipurpose project across the river Bhadra .
33 4&"
(Karnataka) : A project consisting of Narayanpur dam
across the Krishna river and a dam at Almatti.
:"  3 " (Karnataka): A project across Ghataprabha in Belgaum
and Bijapur districts.
(  3 " (Karnataka) : A dam across ithe Malaprabha in Belguam
district.
- 1 (Madhya Pradesh ): A project the Tawa river , a tributary of the
Narmada in Hoshangabad district.
!" '  (joint project of Madhya Pradesh and rajasthan): The project
comprises Gandhi Sagar dam , Rana Sagar dam and Jawahar Sagar dam.
( "
% &> #/) (Madhya pradesh): It has three phases :
(1) Ravishankar sagar project and feeder canal system for supply of
water to Bhilai Steel plant and Sandur dam across Sandur village, (2)
extension of Mahanadi feeder canal (3) Pairi dam.
È &%
0#/)(Madhya Pradesh ): It the third phase of Hasdeo
Bango Project complex and envisages construction of a masonry dam
across Hasdeo river. The first and second phases have been substantially
completed .
 0 #/) (Madhya pradesh): It is a multipurpose project consisting
of a masonry dam across Bargi river in the Jabalpur district and a left
bank a canal.
"' (Maharashtra) : Comprises two dams , one on the Pawana river
near Phange in Pune district and the other across the Krishna river near
Ujjaini in Sholapur district.
c . <1 %(Maharashtra) : A masonry spillway across the river Godavari
.
4*< % #/) (Maharashtra) : Five independent storage dams ,i.e.,
Yodgaon, Manikdohi, Dimba, Wadaj and Pimpalgaon jog . The canal
system comprises (1) Kukadi left bank canal, (2) Dhimba left bank canal,
(3) Dhimba right bank canal (4)Meena feeder and (5) Meena branch .
4&"
 #/) (Maharashtra ): Dhom dam near Dhom village on
Krishna and Kanhar village on Varna river in Satna district.
33 #
0
0 (Mahrarhtra ) : Two reservoirs on Penganga river at
Isapur in Yavatmal district and the other on Rayadhu river at Sapli in
Parbhani district.
È <*%(Orrisa): World¶s longest dam, is located on the Mahanadi river.
( "
% =  2)"' (Orissa): The irrigation scheme will utilize
releases from the Hirakud reservoir.
" <  
0  (Joint project of Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan):
India¶s biggest multipurpose river valley project comprises a straight
gravity dam across the Satlej at Bhakra, the Nangal dam, the Nangal
hydal channel, two power houses at Bhakra dam at and two power
station at Ganguwal and Kotla.
 & (Joint venture of Haryana , Punjab , and Rajasthan) : It consists of
Beas-Sutlej link and Beas dam at Pong.
-"
 = ' (Punjab): The project envisages Constroction of a dam
across river Ravi and a power plant on its left bank.
 / &"
 !
 (Rajasthan ): The Project will use water released from
Pong dam will provide irrigation facilities to the north western region of
Rajasthan, i.e. a part of the thar desert . It consists of Rajasthan feeder
canal (with the first 167 km in Punjab and Haryana and the remaining 37
km in Rajasthan ) and 445 km Rajasthan main canal entirely in
Rajasthan.
#  '<* ' .  (Joint venture of Tamil Nadu and Kerala) : The
project envisages the integrated hamessing of eight rivers , six in the
Annamalai hills and two in the plains.
2 %  2 " . < (Uttar Praesh) : The Project envisages construction of a
barrage across the river Ghagra, a link channel, a barrage across river
Sarda and a feeder channel involving constructions of two major
aqueducts over Gomti and Sai.
 '0
0 (Uttar Pradesh): A Dam across Ramganga, a tributary of the
Ganga river located in Garhwal district. The Project has, besides reducing
the intensity of Floods in central and western Uttar Pradesh, provided
water for the Delhi Water supply scheme.
ß 
<:" 0 !
 (Uttar Pradesh ): A link channel taking off from
the left bank of Ghagra river of Girja barrage and joining with Sarju river
. Also a barrage across Sarju.
-" = ' (Uttar Pradesh): Earth and Rock- fill dam on Bhagirathi river
in Tehri district.
( %". :
0 !
 (Uttar Pradesh): A barrage across ganga in Bijnor
district.
  << (West bengal) : The project was taken up for the preservation
and maintenance of Calcutta Port and for improving the navigability of
the Hooghly. It comprises a barrage across the Ganga at Farakka, a
barrage at Jangipur across the Bhagirathi and a feeder channel taking off
from the Ganga at Farakka and tailing at the Bhagirathi below the
Jangipur barrage.
( .* <&" (West Bengal): An irrigation and hydro ± electric Project
comprises the Canada Dam.
4
0&   (West bengal): The project envisages construction of dams
on the Kangsabati and Kumari rivers.
= '%  C . #/)(West Bengal and Bihar): A multipurpose
project for the unified development of irrigation, flood control and power
Generation in west Bengal and Bihar. It comprises multipurpose dams at
Konar, Tilaiya, Maithon and Panchet, hydel power stations at Tilaiya,
Konar, Maithon and Panchet barrage at Durgapur; and thermal power
houses at Bokaro, Chandrapura and Durgapur. The Project is
administered by the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC)


%*)

%
!
&*

The Constitution of India is the world's lengthiest written constitution with
395 articles and 8 schedules. It contains the good points taken from the
constitution's of many countries in the world. It was passed on 26 Nov 1949
by the 'The Constituent Assembly' and is fully applicable since 26 Jan 1950.
The Constituent Assembly had been elected for undivided India and held its
first sitting on 9th Dec.1946, re-assembled on the 14th August 1947, as The
Sovereign Constituent Assembly for the dominion of India. In regard to its
composition the members were elected by indirect election by the members
of The Provisional Legislative Assemblies (lower house only). At the time of
signing 284 out of 299 members of the Assembly were present.

The constitution of India draws extensively from Western legal traditions in

its outline of the principles of liberal democracy. It follows a British
parliamentary pattern with a lower and upper house. It embodies some
Fundamental Rights which are similar to the Bill of Rights declared by the
United States constitution. It also borrows the concept of a Supreme Court
from the US.

India is a federal system in which residual powers of legislation remain with

the central government, similar to that in Canada. The constitution provides
detailed lists dividing up powers between central and state governments as
in Australia, and it elaborates a set of Directive Principles of State Policy as
does the Irish constitution.

The constitution has provision for Schedules to be added to the constitution

by amendment. The ten schedules in force cover the designations of the
states and union territories; the emoluments for high-level officials; forms of
oaths; allocation of the number of seats in the Rajya Sabha. A review of the
constitution needs at least two-thirds of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to
pass it.
The Indian constitution is one of the most frequently amended constitutions
in the world. Infact the first amendment to it was passed after only a year of
the adoption of the constitution and instituted numerous minor changes.
Many more amendments followed, a rate of almost two amendments per
year since 1950. Most of the constitution can be amended after a quorum of
more than half of the members of each house in Parliament passes an
amendment with a two-thirds majority vote. Articles pertaining to the
distribution of legislative authority between the central and state
governments must also be approved by 50 percent of the state legislatures.
# ' -"!
&*

We, The people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
2;C : 2;! ß 2- 2!ß =(;!- ! #ß ! and to
secure to all its citizens:

c2- !, social, economic and political;

ß - of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
Dß - of status and of opportunity and to promote among them all
- - assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and
integrity of the Nation
 ; !;2- -- 22(ß this twenty-sixth day of November,
1949, do hereby Adopt, Enact and give ourselves this Constitution.

-"


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1. India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.

2. The States and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First
Schedule.
3. The territory of India shall comprise:
I. The territories of the States
II. The Union territories specified in the First Schedule; and such
other territories as may be acquired.

)A%'&&
& &"'
 
12 &

Parliament may by law admit into the Union, or establish, new States on
such terms and conditions as it thinks fit.

) A ' 
  
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02 &
Parliament may by law:

1. Form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by

uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any
territory to a part of any State
2. Increase the area of any State
3. Diminish the area of any State
4. Alter the boundaries of any State
5. Alter the name of any State [Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall
be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the
recommendation of the President and unless, where the proposal
contained in the Bill affects the area, boundaries or name of any of the
States, the Bill has been referred by the President to the Legislature of
that State for expressing its views thereon within such period as may
be specified in the reference or within such further period as the
President may allow and the period so specified or allowed has
expired.]

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1. Any law referred to in article 2 or article 3 shall contain such provisions
for the amendment of the First Schedule and the Fourth Schedule as
may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may
also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential
provisions (including provisions as to representation in Parliament and
in the Legislature or Legislatures of the State or States affected by
such law) as Parliament may deem necessary.
2. No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this
Constitution for the purposes of article 368.

!+
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At the commencement of this Constitution, every person who has his

domicile in the territory of India and

1. Who was born in the territory of India; or

2. Either of whose parents was born in the territory of India; or
3. Who has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less
than five years immediately preceding such commencement, shall be a
 citizen of India.

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Notwithstanding anything in article 5, a person who has migrated to the

territory of India from the territory now included in Pakistan shall be deemed
to be a citizen of India at the commencement of this Constitution if:

1. He or either of his parents or any of his grand-parents was born in

India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935 (as originally
enacted); and
2. In the case where such person has so migrated before the nineteenth
day of July, 1948, he has been ordinarily resident in the territory of
India since the date of his migration, or
3. In the case where such person has so migrated on or after the
nineteenth day of July, 1948, he has been registered as a citizen of
India by an officer appointed in that behalf by the Government of the
Dominion of India on an application made by him therefor to such
officer before the commencement of this Constitution in the form and
manner prescribed by that Government: Provided that no person shall
be so registered unless he has been resident in the territory of India
for at least six months immediately preceding the date of his
application.

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Notwithstanding anything in articles 5 and 6, a person who has after the first
day of March, 1947, migrated from the territory of India to the territory now
included in Pakistan shall not be deemed to be a citizen of India:

Provided that nothing in this article shall apply to a person who, after having
so migrated to the territory now included in Pakistan, has returned to the
territory of India under a permit for resettlement or permanent return issued
by or under the authority of any law and every such person shall for the
purposes of clause (b) of article 6 be deemed to have migrated to the
territory of India after the nineteenth day of July, 1948.

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Notwithstanding anything in article 5, any person who or either of whose

parents or any of whose grand-parents was born in India as defined in the
Government of India Act, 1935 (as originally enacted), and who is ordinarily
residing in any country outside India as so defined shall be deemed to be a
citizen of India if he has been registered as a citizen of India by the
diplomatic or consular representative of India in the country where he is for
the time being residing on an application made by him therefor to such
diplomatic or consular representative, whether before or after the
commencement of this Constitution, in the form and manner prescribed by
the Government of the Dominion of India or the Government of India.

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No person shall be a citizen of India by virtue of article 5, or be deemed to

be a citizen of India by virtue of article 6 or article 8, if he has voluntarily
acquired the citizenship of any foreign State.

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Every person who is or is deemed to be a citizen of India under any of the

foregoing provisions of this Part shall, subject to the provisions of any law
that may be made by Parliament, continue to be such citizen.

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Nothing in the foregoing provisions of this Part shall derogate from the
power of Parliament to make any provision with respect to the acquisition
and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship.