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CAUSE AND EFFECT OF TARDINESS IN TERMS OF

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11
STUDENTS OF STI College Novaliches

A Research Study Presented to the Senior High School

Student of STI College Novaliches

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 2

By:

Ofelia P. Honrado
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere possible through their help and support.

To my research adviser Dr. Nenita D. Makalintal for correcting and assesing , and
giving information that made me complete this study.

To the respondents, who gave their cooperation and effort in answering in our
survey.

To my parents who never get tired understanding and supporting me. For
providing my financial needs and for their moral support.

To our God for giving us guidance and strength not just in this study, but in
everyday life. For without him, this study would not be possible .
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ABSTRACT

Title: Cause and Effect of Tardiness in Grade 11 students of STI College

Novaliches in terms of Academic Performances

Researcher: Ofelia P. Honrado

Adviser: Dr. Nenita D. Makalintal

School: STI College Novaliches

Generally, class tardiness is defined as students not attending lecture on time and
not being present in the time set. After attending lectures for a period of time,
students start getting to know the lectures are conducted activities happen for the
first few minutes of the lecture. Class tardines influences the students themselves
as well as other. As generally known, students who possess regular attendance
tend achieve better results as succes is related to one’s punctuality. Students who
are late to clas will also cause disruption to other students. Indeed, many previous
researchers indicated that class tardiness among the students is a common
phenomenon. Some of the researchers mentioned that students who are tardy tend
to achieve lower grades compare to others and less sleep is the main reason for
that. Therefore, this research will further investigate the phenomenon of clas
tardines among the Grade 11 Students of STI College Novaliches
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement 2

Abstract 3

List of Tables

Chapter 1

The Problem And It’s Background 6

Statement of the Problem 7

Significance of the Study 8

Scope and Limitation 9

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Definition of Tardiness 10

Causes of Class Tardiness 11

Disadvantages and Consequences of Class Tardiness 12

Tardiness 13

Factors affecting Punctuality 14

Effects of Tardiness 17

Synthesis 19

Theoritical Framework 20

Conceptual Framework 20

Definition of Terms 21

Bibliography 22
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Chapter 3

Methodology

Research Design 24

Research Locale 24

Research Instrument 24

Participant 25

Sampling Technique 25

Data Gathering Process 25

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Now a days, many in this generation of students especially in the Senior

High School students are used to come late in school, which can be result to
affect the academic subjects as well as their grade, and they will be able to miss
classes as it also affect their class performance that is why Senior High School
students should discontinue the feeling of tardiness. Tardiness cause the students to
arrive late. If the feeling continues, it also possibly results into rushing something
that the Senior High School students need to do, lingering one feeling that can
increase the laziness, doubted, apathetic, quiescent and torpid. A student who are
always late is presents a lack of responsibility. Being always on time is not only
a student duty but it is also a way of showing a good manners, respect and good
reputation. However, all the student should know how to properly value their time
and always do their best not to be late in all times. The issue in tardiness for
students now a days is not much concerned, to them it’s seems to be a normal
things. When students come to class late, it can disturb the flow of a lesson or
discussion, distract other students, hampered learning and erode the class moral.
Moreover, if left unmonitored, tardiness can become more often to do and it will
spread throughout the class. With this issue, the researcher has begun to
investigate the cause and effect of tardiness, their reason why are some of
students come late in their class and prevention to the feeling of tardiness. The
researcher believe that determining the cause and effect of tardy, reasons of
tardiness and what can they do to avoid the feeling of tardiness will be a big
help to eliminate the feeling of it and a good step to change their perspective in
the issue of tardiness.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The purpose of this study “Cause and Effect of Tardiness in terms of

academic performance of Grade 11 Students of STI College Novaliches”. It
answered to the following question.

1. What are the reason why are the students becomes tardy?

2. Is your academic performance can really affect the tardiness of one

students?

3. In what way can students avoid being tardy?

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is very important because many people would be able to benefit
from this study; namely, teachers and the tardy students themselves. During the
course of this study, the group will be able to find out what the cause and
effects this might have not only the students, but also the teachers and staff. The
study can also help those who are experiencing tardiness over again without being
consciously aware of the reason, and may also help those who wish to conduct
this kind of study in the future.

Time is like a sword. If you did not cut it, it will cut you. Basically,
human beings are the most difficult to manage. However, when students come to
class late, it can confused the flow of a lecture or discussion, distract others
students, and disturb their learning teaching process. The professionals, not only
the students can also experience being late. They will also be able to make use
of the study, and this study can virtually benefit anyone who has to be
somewhere at some time. The results of the study should be great benefit to the
following:

Teachers and Staff: They will benefit this for teachers and staff to be aware for
those students who are always coming late or not on time in school.

Students: They will be aware the effect of being tardy in school.

Parents: They will advise the effect to their children who always late or not on
time in school and they also help the teachers and staff.
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SCOPE AND LIMITATION

They have their own reasons. Traffic, working slow, waking up late, etc.
most of Grade 11 in STI College Novaliches are near in school but still, they
arriving late.

Many teachers get disappointed, but up to now, the students still unaware
of what they are going. Tardiness is one of the common causes that affect the
lives of SHS students. This study will provide information about tardiness. What
causes it, probable consequences of being tardy, and possible solutions to
overcome, or at least help the grade 11 SHS students regarding to their problem
of being late.
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Chapter 2:

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The researchers review related literature is about the “Cause and Effect of
tardiness in terms of academic performance of Grade 11 of STI College
Novaliches”. The researchers also looked at the different aspects about tardiness
and how to discuss it well.

The researchers gather information in some websites or articles.

DEFINITION OF TARDINESS

Most of the sources define “tardiness” with similar concept.

Literally, the term “tardiness” implies a situation where an individual is late in
happening or arriving (Oxford Advanced Leaners Dictionary, 2010). Breeze et al.
(2010) further suggest that the term tardiness is synonymous with “lateness” (as
cited in Nakpodia & Dafiaghor, 2011), which implies arriving after the expected,
arranged or usual time (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 2010). Besides,
Free Dictionary (2003) defines tardiness as coming, occurring or remaining after
correct, usual or expected time (as cited in Malik, Ladhani, & Bhamani, n. d.).

Therefore, the term “class tardiness” has been viewed as students coming
late, not attending lecture on time, missing out initial time from the first period
and primarily not present on time (Malik et al., n.d.). Similar definition is given by
Weade (2004) that is being late for any measurable length of time past the stated
or scheduled start time for school.
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Causes of Class Tardiness

There are numerous causes of tardiness to class. Among others, the

following are the major causes of tardiness.

Going late to bed is one of the major causes of lateness because it could
result in waking up late and insufficient rest for the lesson on the next day
(Nakpodia & Dafiaghor, 2011; Paren, 2012). Ukoshi (2004) suggests that individual
involved in watching films and home videos may be so captivated and hypnotized
by it that he / she has to be in school and may not be punctual (as cited in
Nakpodia & Dafiaghor). In fact, students need 8 - 10 hours of sleep to have a
keener sense of understanding the lessons throughout the day (Paren, 2012).
Besides, lateness is caused by innate anxiety level of an individual
(Nakpodia & Dafiaghor, 2011). Nakpodia and Dafiaghor claim that most of the
people who are always late have relax mind in anything they do and they do not
care if they are running late or not. Sprick and Daniels (2007) claims that there
are no positive incentives to be on time and no constructive activities happen for
the first five minutes of the class, giving students the impression that they won’t
be missing anything if they are late.

Distance and location is also one of the factors leading to class tardiness
(Nakpodia & Dafiaghor, 2011). This is very normal in university life, especially.
The further the location of the class, the more distractions, obstacles like friends
to say hi to, hold-ups to beat and go - lows are there to hinder student’s
punctuality (Nakpodia & Dafiaghor).

Students are products not only of their school also of their community, and
most especially their home environment (Weade, 2004). Statistics shows that
majority of the school children from single family or two working parents’ home,
where no one is available to maintain the child’s punctuality and regularity
(Malik, Ladhani, & Bhamani, n. d.). This statement is supported by Featherstone
et al. (1992) who believe students from intact, two - parent families had fewer
absences and tardies (as cited in Weade). This phenomenon becomes worse when
come to university as no one is control the student’s life.
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Disadvantages and Consequences of Class Tardiness

Sprick and Daniels (2007) state that tardiness is one of the most frustrating
problems in classroom nowadays. Some of the teachers claim that waiting for
student to straggle in the first four to eight minutes is a waste time. George
(1881) claims that “A delay in few minutes might delay the hope of lifelong“ (as
cited in Moore, 2010). Therefore, there are few disadvantages and consequences of
class tardiness among students which are produces distractions to the individual
and the whole class (Nakpodia & Dafiaghor 2011), leads to students failure in
school (Weade, 2004) and causes stress to teachers (Moore, 2010).

Tardiness among students tends to rob away the precious instructional time
of the teachers and students (Sprick & Daniels, 2007) and these students who are
tardy causes disruption to class and interfere with other students opportunities to
learn (Moore, 2010). Tyre, Feuerborn and Pierce (2011) state that teachers must
continuously restarting their instructions or delaying the beginning instructional
periods when most of the students are tardy at the secondary level U.S
Department of Education and National Center for Educational Statistics (1998),
Shupe (1998), Marzano (2000), Dinkes (2007) and eCampus net (2008) all agree
that the students’ valuable instructional time is constantly taken from them on a
daily basis and many suffer because of student tardiness (as cited in Moore).

Furthermore, excessive tardiness has constituted the 3rd most common reason
for students to fail in school (Weade, 2004; Young, Reddehase, Andrade, &
Lambert - Lindey, (2011). Young et. Al stated students go are in class on time
and behaving well are more likely to be actively engaged in their studies. In
contrary, it can be seen that students who are tardy tend to score low grades and
produce less GPA during assessments and finals (Malik, Ladhani, & Bhamani, n.
d). Weade also mentions those low- achieving Hispanic High School students have
the common characteristics of having low attendance and habitual tardiness.
Besides, that Malik et Al. and Weade agree that tardiness will cause students to
be dropping out from school and leading students to have behavioural problem
(Malik et al.).
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Tardiness

As UP students, we are expected to perform well with excellence in

everything that we do, most especially in the academic aspect. One factor that
dictates the quality of performance of a student is his / her punctuality that is,
getting to school on time or being tardy. As cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor
(2011), “lateness” can be defined as the “situation where an individual arrives
after the proper, scheduled or usual time (Oxford Advance Learners’ Dictionary,
5th ed., 1995), Lauby (2009) put it as a term used to describe “people not
showing up on time” and Breeze et al. (2010) contributed by saying that, lateness
is synonymous with “tardiness”, which implies being slow to act or slow to
respond, thus not meeting up with proper or usual timing. Lastly, Weade (2004)
defined tardiness as “being late for any measurable length of time past the stated
or scheduled start time for work or school.” In most schools, a student is
considered tardy when he / she is not present when the school bell rings or when
the first teacher starts to give instructional materials for the first subject in the
morning class.
One of the most recurring and the most “frustrating problem” that the schools are
having with their students nowadays is tardiness (Sprick and Daniels, 2007). It
creates problems, not just to the students but also to the teachers (Cowan Avenue
Elementary School Community, 2007, para 1). Cowan Crier, the official School
Publication of CAESC, also states that while having “occasional tardy” isn’t a big
deal, unfailing tardiness is and it gives students problems including being ill -
prepared for the job market. According to the results of the study of the U. S.
Department of Education on “truancy”, which is related to tardiness, being present
and on time in going to school are big factors on the “success and behavior” of
the students (Zeiger, 2010, para 1). Thus, it is a lot important to value time and
practice being on time while being a student.
According to CAESC (2007) and Zeiger (2010), the most essential learning
time of the day for the students lies in the morning, specifically between 8:00 to
9:30 AM. It is because the students are most mindful and observant at this time
of the day. It is also the reason why the most important lessons and subject
matters are discussed during this time. So when students are late or are not
present during this time of the day, they in effect miss out most of the important
lessons to be noted and learned.
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Factors affecting Punctuality

Reasons for being late in class and other factors affecting the punctuality if
a student vary. There had been some theories that pointed out that tardiness is
caused by the personality of a person. Santillano (2010) stated that psychological
theorists considered some “personality traits, including low selfesteem and anxiety”
as triggering factors of tardiness (para 2). She also mentioned that while some
theorists considered tardiness as an “inborn quality” since our being early or late
is "partially biologically determined", which she also agreed, other experts also
believed that some people are "chronologically tardy" for the reason that they
consciously and unconsciously get good things from it (para.3).

In the book cited by Santillano, "Never be late again: 7 cures for the
punctually challenged", the author Diana DeLonzor suggested that some personality
traits could most likely lead to a person being often late. Some of the traits
included were "struggling with self control", "feeling nervous or uncomfortable
with social situations" and getting distracted (para.4). Santillano also discussed
about the study conducted by DeLonzor at San Francisco State University in 1987
in which she surveyed 225 respondents about their habits that makes them late
from their appointments. It also a test on the personalities of the respondents that
affect their habits. According to the results of DeLonzor’s study, those respondents
that were often tardy apt to be anxious and gets distracted easily.

Nakpodia and Dafiaghor lateness to a lot of factors or causes. Going late

to bed and waking up late next morning are the most common. The authors
added film- watching late at night as a cause for tardiness. The student may
forget that he/ she needs to be in school the next day. The distance between the
student’s home and school or solely the school’s location is also considered by
Nakpodia and Dafiaghor as a possible cause for tardiness. Not just because it
takes more time to get to school, but according to the author’s, the student is
susceptible to more distractions and hindrances along the way. Parent’s untimely
tasks and commands are also reasons that students come late to school. Habitual
tardiness can also be learned from other members of the family, especially from
the older ones. Lack of a firm and consistent policy on punctuality also
encourages students to come late at school since there are no consequences
attached to lateness or tardiness. These causes of tardiness will lead to serious
effects.

Another study was the one conducted by Enamiroro Oghuvbu in Nigeria. The
objective of the study was to determine the causes of the absenteeism and the
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growing problem. According to Oghuvbu (2008), female students are more likely
to be late than male students because of "their involvement in domestic activities
by their parents" (para 7). Also, as cited by Oghuvbu, "distance to school, school
discipline, family background and school location" (Emore, 2005) are some of the
common cause for the tardiness of the secondary students.

Oghuvbu collected the data from a sample size of 17, 417 Nigerian
respondent from 2005 – 2006. The sample was made up of 20 principals and 50
each from a set of teachers, parents and students, The means of collecting data
was through a thirty - item questionnaire answerable by their strongly agree (SA),
agreed (A), disagreed (SD). The questionnaire had four questions, one of which
was about the causes of lateness among the secondary of Nigeria.

The study revealed that the causes of lateness among the secondary students
in Nigeria were "going late to bed because of watching films and home movies.
Resulting into wake up late in the morning, distance to school and keeping
friends who are not students" (Oghuvbu, 2008). These result went consistent with
the results of Oghuvbu’s reference studies which proves that tardiness among
students have been a growing problem and that it is caused, not just because of
the students but also because of the lack of imposing discipline from the parents.

Another research partly studied about tardiness but tackled a specific reason
of factor. A study by Pimentel and Quijada (2011) focused on the frequency of
use by the UP Cebu freshmen students of Facebook and a part of the study
tackled about the effect of the famous social networking site to UP Cebu
students’ punctuality and academic performance.
For their study, Pimentel and Quijada collected 60 respondents and provided
them with questionnaires. The questionnaires contained questions that ask the
respondents about their use of Facebook and it’s effects. A certain question asked
the respondents if late-night use of Facebook. Generally, the results showed that
the respondents are seldom late in class because of late-night use of the social
networking site. Ledoux, as cited by Pimentel and Quijada, said that lack of sleep
causes neural malfunctions and further affects a person’s behavior. In the study’s
case, it is a student’s punctuality that is affect.

Sometimes, it is not solely the students’ fault why they keep on being late
in coming to class. Another factor could affect the punctuality of a student is the
response of the teachers to tardy students. Sprick and Daniels (2007) stated that
the range of the teachers’ response was "from ignoring them to sending them to
office" (p.21). This variation could lead the students to confusion as to how
important it is to be on time in going to class. Another reason is the lack of
motivation. Students who come to school on time are not given incentives or
rewards. Also, response to tardiness are lenient, that is nothing is done until the
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tenth strike or more. Another reason is "giving the student the impression that
they won’t be missing anything if they are late" since in some classes, no
important activities or instructions and no lessons are being done for first few
minutes. Lastly, crowded hallways could create traffic, thus blocking the way of
other students and making it hard for them to pass through.
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Effects of Tardiness

Tardiness among students has its own negative repercussions. Nakpodia and
Dafiaghor (2011) emphasized that lateness or tardiness is not just the problem of
the late student but it affects the surrounding people. A student coming late in
class distracts the rest of the students and disrupts the flow of the teacher’s
discussion. It is even a burden to the student/s whom the late students ask for
what to catch up with. The rest the effects given by Nakpodia Dafiaghor are
about the welfare of the whole school, its productivity and revenue. Knowing the
possible effects of lateness or tardiness, it is necessary for solutions to be
executed.

Studies have revealed that those students with "perfect or near-perfect

attendance" have good grades compared to those students who misses classes
often and late-corners (Cowan Avenue Elementary School Community, 2007,
para.3). Moreover, as mentioned by Zeiger (2010), the results from the survey
report conducted by teachers show that students with high tardiness rates "higher
rates of suspension and other disciplinary measures" (National Center for
Education Statistics Indicators of School Crime and Safety [NCESISCS] (2007)). It
also causes the students to have behavioral problems and to drop out. Lastly,
Zieger (2010) stated that "Students who are frequently tardy to school are also
more apt to be fired from a job for showing up late.

A study conducted by Barbara Lee Weade on 2004 tried to "determine if

school tardiness is a predictor of work tardiness" (Weade, 2004). It provided a lot
of literature that observes correlations and factors affecting a student’s tardiness.
As cited by Weade, the 3rd most common cause for the failure of a student is
"excessive tardiness and unexcused absences" (Ligon and Jackson, 1998).
"Inconsistency of school rules" (Britt, 1998) and situations such as "crowded halls,
limited opportunities for social interaction, irrelevant course content, and teacher
indifference" (Damico et al., 1990) are also factors that affect a student’s
attendance and punctuality. As mentioned by Weade, personal values, financial
security and lack of parental guidance (Payne, 2011) as well as family
background (Featherstone et al., 1992) influence tardiness and absences of
students.

Weade gathered data from schools of pariticipating students. First and foremost,
she asked consent from the students and their parents in order to gain permission
to collect their school records. She collected and studied the attendance and
punctuality records of these students based on the number of unexcused absences
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and minutes of tardiness. Her study showed that among high school students, the
grade point average is correlated with absences and tardiness. This means that
students with better attendance and punctuality have higher grade point averages
and vis-à-vis. Her study was also able to show that attendance and punctuality of
students are not consistent throughout the year. There were more absences and
tardiness at the latter part of the year. Gender has also shown to be a non-factor
in the attendance and punctuality of high school students.

The study was very comprehensive in its subject matter. It tackles not just
school tardiness but its implications on work tardiness. It shows that "students
who are on-time for school classes are also likely to be on-time at work while
students who are tardy frequently at school will probably also be tardy at work"
(Weade, 2004). The study requires a lot of data but Weades was able to gather a
sufficient amount. Though some posiible correlations were not established, it is
outside the scope of this research.

Due to the fact that tardiness has began giving negative effects on the students
nowadays, the most important thing to do is to develop a firm, consistent and
functional policy that addresses late students. There must be defined sanctions and
penalties for late students. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) stated that school
administators must lead by example. They should be punctual in their own
meetings and classes to avoid students to think that being late is just since even
the authoritative persons are doing it. They should as well teach it and integrate
it in every lesson. The effort on the remedy on lateness or tardiness does not
start and end with the school. It must begin with the parents of the students and
the government must take part as well. Transportation must be improved in order
to avoid students getting stuck in traffic or encountering other obstacles down the
streets.

Some schools have already started solutions that would effectively minimize
and/or eliminate tardiness among students. One of the solutions made by some
schools is implementing tardiness policies, wherein they take steps in approaching
the students and parents for them to solve the problem. CAESC has their policy
worked this way. Other schools initiated interdisciplinary curriculum that integrates
discipline and conduct in academics. Cordogan (as cited by Weade, 2004), said
that a school in Chicago, Illinois adapted a similar curriculum and yielded
positive results. Students under the interdisciplinary program exhibited more
positive behaviors from students not from the curriculum. Interdisciplinary students
showed less absences and tardiness, as well as higher grades. Other schools made
smaller academic changes such as developing personality works and cooperative
learning activities, such as creation of portfolios and tutorial to younger students.
These taught the students better goal-setting, decision making skills and time
management. In return, students under these behavior modification programs
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yielded less tardiness and higher grades.

SYNTHESIS
Tardiness is cause by staying up late at night to do school works or just
being active at social media which causes the student to have enough sleep and
getting up late to go to school. It is a phenomenon because almost in every
school they have almost a lot of students gatteing a detention or a tardy slip
because of not attending their subjects or for being late. Another thing that can
cause tardiness is by the lack of the parents prescence which causes student to be
tardy most of the time.

It is said that student are tardy when they got to their school or room after
the school bell rings or when the teachers already started their lectures which
causes them to be late. Another thing is their personality traits or sometimes not
having enough self esteem or either anxiety can also be triggering factors of
anxiety or it is an inborn quality for some.
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THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

The theory that talks about tardiness is by Micahel Konik. It tackles about
the three main reason why some students are tardy. First, DEEPLY ROOTED
PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE is when the one is being late because they won’t their
attention of their parents. Most students are lack of attention by their parents.
Second, INCOMPETENCE is when the students is having a problem in their life.
They are not organized. That’ the reason why they are tardy. Lastly,
MISANTHOPY is when the students are disregarding the consequences of
tardiness worstly, they don’t matter.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

CAUSE EFFECT
MISSING THE
LAZINESS LESSONS AND
ACTIVITIES

SOCIAL GETTING
MEDIA LOW GRADES
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DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Excused absences - also known as legal absences, tardiness and early

departures from school or specific class (es) due to personal illness, illness
or death in the family, emergency medical or dental appointments,
impossible roads or weather, religious observance, quarantine, attendance at
health clinics, school – sponsored activities ( including field trips,
interscholastic athletics, musical and other competitions ), approved colleged
visits approved cooperative work programs, military obligations, or such
other reason as many be approved by the district.

 Unexcused absences – also known as illegal absences, are all absences,

tardiness and early departures froms school or specific class (es), other than
those listed above as excused ( or legal )

 Laziness - not being able to arrive on a scheduled time.

 Effects – a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other

cause.

 Objective – a thing aimed at; a goal

 Academic Performance - one’s performance in school such as quizzes,

attendance, exams and others.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Malik, T. A., Ladhani, S., & Bhamani, S, (n.d). Decreasing students tardiness
through strategic reward system: An action research
report. Abhinary National Monthly Refereed Journal of Research
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http://www.abhinayjournal.com/images/Arts_%26)Education/Feb13/2.pdf

Moore, J. S. (2010). Best practices employed by Georgina High School

administrations to reduce student tardiness. Retrieved
July 8 2013, from
http://eaglescholar.georgiasouthern.edu:8080/jspu/bitstream/10518/2599/1/mootre_jason
_s_201001_edd.pdf

Nakpodia, E. D. & Dafiaghor, F. K. (2011, April 4). Lateness: A major problem

confronting school administrations in Delta State,
Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Technology Education
Research, 2(4), 58-61. Retrieved July 8 2013, from
http://www.academicshournals.org/ijster/PDF/Pdf2011/April/Nakpodia%20and%20Dafia
ghor.pdf

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. (2010). Oxford University Press.

Paren, R. (2012, April 1). Action research on tardiness. Retrieved July 8, 2013,
from
http://www.rimmon-educationinthephilippines.blogspot.com/2012/04/action-research-on-
tardiness.html
Sprick, R. & Daniels, K. (2007, October). Taming the tardiness:
Every minute counts. Middle Ground, pp.21-23. Retrieved
July 8 2013, from
http://www.safeandcivilschools.com/research/articles/tamingtardiness.pdf

Tyre, A., Feuerborn, L., & Pierce, J. (2011). Schoolwide intervention

to reduce chronic tardiness at the middle and high school
levels. Preventing School Failure, 55(3), 132-139. Retrieved July
8 2013, from
http://carolinessf.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reduce+Tardiness+Article.pdf

Weade, B.L., (2004, May). School and work tardiness in high

School students in rural Wisconsin. Retrieved July 8
2013, from
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http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2004/2004weadeb.pdf

Young, Z., Reddehase, S., Andrade, K., & Lambert-Lindey,

S. (2011, January 31). Dashboard metrics: Phase 2
Metric overviews and technical specifications. Retrieved
July, 8 2013, from
http://www.districtconnections.com/CDMDownloads/Texas%20Student%20Data%20sys
tem%20-%20Complete%20Metrics%20Documents%201.31.11.pdf

https://sites.google.com/site/bilocuraandguia/notes/chapteriireviewofrelatedliteratureands
tudies

http://www.academia.edu/29467303/Class_Tardines- Complete_Research_Propsal.docx

http://www.academis.edu/31599421/Chapter_II_Review_of_Related_Literature_and_Stu
dies

https://www.scribd.com/mobile/doc/173017396/Class-Tardiness-docx

https://athlosacademies.org/the-impact-of-tardiness-on-student-success/

http://michaelkonik.com/three-theories-on-chronic-lateness/
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Chapter 3:

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This research entitled "Cause and Effect of Tardiness in Grade 11 Students of

STI College Novaliches in Terms of Academic Performance." This study is
qualitative research because the researchers would like to identify the cause of
being tardy of Grade 11 students in STI and how does it affect them in their
Academic Performance. The researchers did a survey to the Grade 11 students in
STI College Novaliches in order to know the reason behind their tardiness.

RESEARCH LOCALE

This study was conducted in STI College Novaliches that is addressed in STI
Academic Center, Diamond Ave. cor., Quirino Hwy, Novaliches, Quezon City, Metro
Manila. STI College, formerly known as Systems Technology Institute, is the largest
network of for-profit information technology based colleges in the Philippines. This
private college system offers a curriculum including accountancy and business
administration, computer science, education, engineering and health care. The acronym
STI has been declared as an orphan initialism after their name change in 2006.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The Researchers used questionnaires as research instrument in gathering data.
The reason is research questionnaires are less costly and require less time and
effort to administer.
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PARTICIPANT

The Participants would include the grade 11 students in HUMSS (Humanities

and Social Science), ABM (Accountancy Business and Management), STEM
(Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics) TECHVOC (Technical
Vocational) of Senior High School Students in STI College Novaliches to be given
questionnaires to answer.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The researchers used purposive research. The reserachers selected those with
experience or interest in the study. The researchers are able to get at least 10
respondents from the 5 strands randomly and the researchers was able to get a
total of 50 correspondents.

DATA GATHERING PROCESS

Permit/Clearance: The researcher compose a letter for the approval of the

questions of survey. The letter will be submit to Dr. Nenita D. Makalintal
(Teacher/advicer of the researcher)
Distribution Procedure: The researchers will distribute the questioner to the
Grade 11 of STI College Novaliches.
Collection and Collation: The researchers will give a time to the students to
answer the questioner. After the enough time the researcher will collect the survey
paper.
Data Processing: The questioner compose of different kind of question that
the researcher may know the cause of being tardy of STI College Novaliches
Grade 11 student.