Enrolment Rate of Bachelor of Science in Criminology

in Lyceum Northwestern University Urdaneta Campus,

Academic Year 2013-2015

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Criminal Justice Education

Lyceum Northwestern University

Urdaneta Campus

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Edmar B. Ordinario

2015
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “Enrollment Rate of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology in Lyceum Northwestern University:

An Assessment”, prepared by Edmar B. Ordinario, in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

Science in Criminology, has been examined and approved by

the Committee on Oral Examination.

Adviser

Approved by the thesis examination committee.

Member Member

Chairman

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

Dean, College of Criminology

Date Signed
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

Education plays a vital role in human development and

social transformation. It is considered as one of the

pillars in the development of a particular culture. Through

the process of education, a certain individual gains

specific knowledge, specialized skills or talent to be able

to fully function and exist, thus paving their way to build

a better society.

The teaching profession is one of the greatest

occupation nowadays and even before. It ranks with the

profession of law, medicine and ministry in point of age.

The most important role in this country whether rural or

urban is a bulwark of democracy and shares the great task

of education.

In this free and democratic country which is the

Philippines, education is the primary force in improving

the people and the society. This can be done by providing

each individual the opportunity to fully develop his full

potential as a human being to make him more responsive to

the needs of the community, particularly in strengthening

his capacity to help build and maintain a developed and

civilized society.

Education has been utilized by government authorities

to equip its human resources with the necessary skills,

knowledge, attitudes and values to prepare them for various

roles in the society. Most Particularly, education has been

the State’s instrument to hone the Filipino’s capability to

undertake productive and constructive functions that

address social, political, economic, cultural, and other

societal concerns which the government invariably faces in

the process of building the nation, strengthening the its

identity and firming up the foundations for its economic

development and growth.

Article 2 of the 1987 constitution under the

declaration of principles and State policies expressly

provides that “the state shall give priority to education,

science and technology, arts, culture and sports to foster

patriotism, accelerate social progress, and promote total

human liberation and development”. Furthermore, sec.5

Article 1 states that the state shall establish maintain

and support a complete, adequate and integrated system of

education relevant to the needs of the people and of the

society. It recognizes the complementary roles of private

and public institutions in the educational system and shall

exercise reasonable supervision and regulation of all

educational institutions.

In this aspect, the state recognizes the formal

education as its main instrument to attain national

education, goals, and objectives for the purpose of

attaining the country’s goal. The Commission on Higher

Education (CHED) has been created through R.A. 7722 to take

charge of the higher education level of the educational

system and to direct educational planning more effectively

toward meeting the labor demands of the new global market.

The law has provided the CHED with powers to pursue its

goal in consonance with the country’s development

objectives. Its objectives shall be geared towards the

pursuit of better quality life for Filipinos by emphasizing

the importance of acquisition of knowledge and information

of those skills necessary to make the individual a

productive member of the society. It shall accelerate the

development of high level professionals who will search for

new knowledge and will provide leadership in the various

disciplines by a dynamic and self sustaining economy.

Ramos et.al (1993) pointed out that “the effectiveness

of an institution can be measured by the quality of its

instruction. As such, teacher’s competence is one of the

best measures of this quality. This is much emphasized in

the Philippine Constitution in order to accelerate national

growth and development. Hence, a teacher must perform his

duties and obligations in the best of his abilities.

Quality education is undeniably a continuing concern

of the government leaders but more so among the educators.

In pursuit to quality education a famous exponent of

quality teaching, there is a good quality of education when

schooling is transformed into educational learning,

knowledge into wisdom, and skills to activities into

cultured maturity. Without quality instruction, teaching

and schooling are just mechanic factory-like procedures:

but with the fine instruction, schooling becomes a happy

community of scholars who are enthusiastic, experiential

and skillful. From this view point, quality education is

achieved when there is a quality teaching and when our

schools are manned with instructors who are committed and

devoted to their duties and responsibilities.

According to Bambico (1997), quality education is the

fruit of quality teaching. If the instructors are poor and

inefficient, the students will also be poor and there will

be no way of substituting a good instructor in any level of

education. Furthermore, the destiny of a nation lies in the

hands of those who guide the youth, for they lay the

foundation of tomorrow. It is a sacred duty of the

instructors to give the best education for the students. It

is quality teaching therefore that matters most in the

world of teaching. The schools really need to be manned by

instructors and professors who perform their duties and

responsibilities in a very efficient and professional

manner.

It has always been envisioned that fully qualified

instructors contribute much to the performance of students.

Furthermore, if the instructors are highly motivated by

their immediate supervisors, like the deans or department

heads, such motivation will provide them inspiration to

perform their job well, particularly the delivery of

services, in terms of efficient and effective instruction.

Defining quality education, (UNICEF 2005) recognizes

five dimensions: learners, environments, content,

processes, and outcomes. This means that education focuses

on the learners such as their mental, physical abilities

and personalities, the learning processes during their

studies in school and the environment such as their health,

safety and protection. Recent analysis by (UNESCO) (2003)

confirmed that poverty among rural residents and gender

inequality persist as the strongest correlates to

performance of students as well as poor instructions given

by the teachers.

Three important factors in the educative process are

the learner, the teacher, and the subject matter. Among

these, the learner is the most important factor to whom the

teacher transmits the subject matter through various media

of instructions and generally recognized as the important

key to the resources of learning. It is through the

effectiveness of the teacher in transmitting knowledge and

skills that the level of change in the student is

manifested and the transmission of learning from the

teacher to the student greatly depends on the pre-service

preparation the teacher had undergone. It is then the task

for the criminology education institution to device better

methods of measuring or assessing these elements of what

constitute quality in education.

` As stated by Pigozze (2004) as to good quality

education is attained through right-based approach. Within

this approach, he believed that learning is perceived to be

affected at two levels. At the level of learner, education

needs to seek out and acknowledges learner’s prior

knowledge, and provides safe and supportive learning

environment. At the level of learning system, a support

structure is needed to implement policies, legislation,

distribute resources and measuring the learning outcomes so

as to have the best possible impact on learning for all.

Furlong (1996) states that higher education provides

the necessary preparation for the students to become future

professionals through a broadening of their experience by

way of instruction with the use of professional speakers.

He discusses that the university does not only provide

formal education but also provides the students with

practical experiences that they can surely use for

application purposes. Classroom instruction is actually

supported by seminars, symposia and convocations from which

the students can get knowledge from invited speakers who

are experts in their specific fields. Academic performance

plays an important role in pursuit to quality education.

As cited by Fabian (1996), high academic performance

could only be achieved when there is quality instruction.

However, college students have many obstacles to overcome

in order to achieve their optimal academic performance. It

takes more than just studying to achieve successful college

career. Different stresses such as time management,

financial problems, sleep deprivation, social activities,

even having children affect the student’s academic

performance. These are the stresses as studied by Hatcher

and Prus(1991). Some students may perceive that through

nutrition, exercise routine and class attendance due to

deprivation of sleep especially for students who attend

classes during the day and work at night.

The above cited literatures provided the researcher

with a background data in the formulation of the research

problem. The related literature served as a source material

for the analysis of the findings relating to the factors

affecting the low enrolment rate of B.S. Criminology in the

university.

As a senior criminology student in this university,

the low enrolment rate in the College of Criminology caught

the attention of the researcher to conduct this study. It

is in this context that the researcher was motivated to

look into the factors that possibly affect the low

enrolment rate in the College. First factor is the

performance level of the instructors and professors in the

College of Criminology. Second is the adequacy of school

facilities and equipment for the criminology students.

 The Bachelor of Science in Criminology or Criminal

Justice Education is a 4-year college degree program

intended for individuals who wish to have a career in the

fields of law enforcement, security administration, crime

detection and prevention or correctional administration.

It’s also had the specialization in terms of Major in

Police Administration; focuses on basic management

functions applied to the police organization. This includes

organizational structure and administration of the

Philippine National Police, both at the national and the

local levels. Major in Criminal Justice Administration;

focuses on the Law enforcement management of activities

such as detection, apprehension, detention, pretrial

release, post-trial release, prosecution, adjudication,

correctional supervision, or rehabilitation of accused

persons or criminal offenders or the collection, storage,

and dissemination of criminal history record information.

Forensic; concentrates on the application of a broad

spectrum of sciences and technologies to investigate and

establish facts of interest in relation to criminal or

civil law. Major in Jail Management and Penology; is a

branch of Criminal Justice study that focuses on the

management of prisons and jails for the rehabilitation of

convicts and criminals in an attempt to maintain and ensure

public safety.

Criminology is a profession. A graduate of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology who passed the Criminologist

Licensure Examination is called a Criminologist. A

Criminologists job includes practice in the field of Law

Enforcement as an agent, adviser or administrator; as a

Technician in dactyloscopy, ballistics and other scientific

aspects of crime detection; as an officer in any

correctional and penal institution; as a counselor in

various agencies such as those involved in criminal

research or public welfare; or as a teacher / instructor of

Criminology subjects in universities.

In other countries they are also offer Bachelor of

Science in Criminology or courses related in Criminal

Justice. University of Florida: Bachelor of Arts in

Criminology & Law degree program examines criminal

behavior, criminal justice systems and law from a

multidisciplinary, liberal-arts perspective. Ultimately

this program prepares students for careers in the criminal

or juvenile justice systems (i.e., courts, law enforcement,

corrections) or gets them ready to attend law school or

graduate school. Carleton University: offers an

undergraduate degree in Criminology and Criminal Justice

designed to provide you with a comprehensive and inter-

disciplinary approach to the study of crime and the

administration of criminal justice. In Canada; Carleton’s

criminology and criminal justice program also offers the

opportunity to acquire deeper knowledge of one of the three

disciplines that are part of the program. This

specialization will be reflected as a concentration on your

degree. The insights you will gain in studying criminology

and criminal justice will prepare you for a diverse range

of future employment opportunities in criminal justice.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This study focused on the performance of Faculty

members of the College of Criminology and the adequacy and

availability of facilities and equipment for Criminology

students.

The school has great responsibility in improving a

conducive environment for teaching and learning.

Administration and supervision emphasize the importance of

providing leadership in studying, planning, organizing,

coordinating and evaluating the school program. The

administrative and supervisory functions are likewise

significant to the educational process.

In consonance with this concept, the Commission on

Higher Education has been created under R.A. 7722 to

undertake issues necessary for the improvements of higher

education institutions, teachers and especially students.

The important roles of these institutions in maintaining

the status/quality of school cannot be denied since through

the academic performance of the students lies in the over-

all performance of the college.

Academic performance is of great aspect to quality

education, adequate equipment and facilities also promote

efficient and conducive learning environment for

criminology students.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study on the factors that affect the low

enrolment rate of B.S. Criminology in Lyceum Northwestern

University is premised on the role of the faculty members

in the College of Criminology and the Administrators of the

university in providing quality education and conducive

environment most especially for criminology students.

The researcher adopted Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor

theory in determining the factors that possibly affect the

enrolment rate of B.S. Criminology in the University. In

this theory, the enrolment rate of B.S Criminology is

influenced by the two groups of factors that explained the

reasons. The first group contains the profile of the

faculty members of the college of criminology. The second

group contains the adequacy and availability of facilities

and equipment which may be conducive and may help the

criminology students in the course of their study. In the

aforementioned model, Herzberg advocated that human needs

are basic motivators.

Motivation as applied here is a process where a person

reacts to stimulus or stimuli to work towards the

achievement of pre-determined objectives. It follows

therefore that the presence of proper motivational factors

could positively influence and affect a student to act in

accord with the expected outcome. In the light of this

theoretical proposition, the researcher would like to study

whether or not profiles of the faculty members and the

availability of facilities and equipment for criminology

students affect the enrolment rate of B.S. Criminology in

the university.
 Paradigm of the Study

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the
Faculty Members
Alternative
Enrolment Rate of Measures to
Bachelor of increase the
Science in Enrollees of
School Environment Criminology Bachelor of
Science in
Criminology

FEEDBACK
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the enrolment rate of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology in Lyceum Northwestern

University for the Academic Year 2013-2015 and programs to

further attract enrollees.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the

following:

1. What is the profile of the Lyceum Northwestern

University Faculty Member in terms of the following:

1.1. Age

1.2. Gender

1.3. Civil Status

1.4. Employment Status

1.5. Highest Educational Attainment

1.6. Eligibility

1.7. Length of Service

2. To what level of effect does the office environment

affects the Faculty Members in terms of the following:

1.1. Working Conditions

1.2. Compensation/Pay

1.3. Adequacy of office facilities and

equipment/supplies in the Criminology Department.

3. What is the enrolment rate of Bachelor of Science in

Criminology in Lyceum Northwestern University for the

A.Y 2013-2015?

4. Is there a significant difference on the enrolment

rate within those years?

5. What are the possible factors that affect the low

enrolment rate Bachelor of Science in Criminology in

Lyceum Northwestern University?

6. What are the programs of Lyceum Northwestern

University that must be conducted in order to increase

the enrolment rate of Criminology Department?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study is limited to the discussion of the effect

of the profile of the faculty members of the college of

Criminology and the adequacy of facilities and equipment

for criminology students on the low Enrolment Rate of B.S.

Criminology in Lyceum Northwestern University for the

Academic Year 2013-2015.

HYPOTHESIS

To answer the foregoing questions, the following null

hypotheses are advanced:

H0: There is no significant relationship between the

profile of faculty members and the enrolment rate.

H1: There is no significant relationship between the

adequacy school facilities and equipment and the enrolment

rate.

H2: There is a significant relationship between the profile

of faculty members and the enrolment rate.

H3: There is a significant relationship between the

adequacy of school facilities and equipment and the

enrolment rate.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

To have a clearer understanding of the ideas presented

in this study, the following terms were defined

operationally and conceptually:

Criminology Instructors. These are the school Personnel

engaged in actual teaching, handling the major subjects in

criminology.

Highest Educational Attainment. This refers to the highest

academic and/or educational preparation completed by the

faculty members of the Criminology Department.

Eligibility. It refers to the professional standing of the

criminology instructors which is either bar passer, PRC

board passer or Civil Service Eligible.

B.S. Criminology. It is a four-year course which aims to

develop competencies and skills for police officer or

member and/or uniformed personnel of the government or the

private sector.

Criminology Students. These are the students enrolled in

the college of criminology.

Professional Attributes. It refers to the qualifications of

the criminology instructors in terms of educational

attainment length of service in teaching criminology

subjects and eligibility.

Instructors Personality. It is an instructor’s personal

values, attitudes, and modes of perception which is

accounted for their behavioural consistency and an

indicator used for their performance evaluation by

students.

Profile. This refers to the respondent’s age, gender, civil

status, highest educational attainment, eligibility, and

length of service.
 Methodology of Research

This chapter presents the research methodology

utilized by the researchers in order to obtain, analyze and

interpret the date of the study. Specifically, included in

this section are the methods and techniques used to gather

information, source of data and respondents of the study,

data gathering procedures, data processing and statistical

treatment used in the study.

Research Design

The researchers primarily utilized the survey methods

to determine factors that possibly affect the low enrolment

of Bachelor of Science in Criminology at Lyceum

Northwestern University. It was designed to gather

information about the existing conditions which are the

basis for assessment. The survey methods involved the

collection of data in order to test the hypothesis with

reference to the current status of the study. As a fact-

finding and logical procedure, profile of the LNU Faculty

Members as well as the enrolment record of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology from the office of the registrar was

also studied/ investigated. The related literature and

studies and studies previously studied served as a guide in

undertaking the procedures of this research work.

According to Fraenkel and Wallen, descriptive research

design describes an existing relationship between variables

of a population under study. Questionnaire, an interview as

well as the documentary analysis are the techniques used in

this study.

Data were obtained from different books, journals, and

magazines which is the researcher finds contributory to the

current study. The internet was also utilized to collect

date. From among this data, the researcher developed the

background knowledge and theoretical framework in

consistency with the topic being studied.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is deemed highly significant because the

researcher believes strongly that it is relevant and it

will benefit the following: The Lyceum Northwestern

University administrators, the Dean and the faculty members

of the College of Criminology, the Criminology students,

and other researchers. It will be an avenue to upgrade

their effectiveness which is necessary to improve their

performance towards their profession. This study will serve

as a basis for the school administrators on the needs of

the Criminology Students which when properly acted upon

will help them perform efficiently and effectively

especially in the Criminology Board Examinations and may

possibly augment the number of enrollees of B.S.

Criminology in the university.

It will also give motivation to the faculty of the

College of Criminology which would be of great value in

upgrading their professional growth to derive valuable

insights in terms of areas that need to be looked into to

improve student’s performance. The students of the College

of Criminology will benefit from the findings of the study

because the will be enlightened on the reasons of the low

enrolment rate in their department and also may contribute

to improve the enrolment rate by convincing their siblings,

relatives and friends who wish to take up criminology to

enroll in the university. These considerations spell out

the relevance, significance and importance of this study.