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Definitions Of Terms:
All forces in units kN and m
All reinforcement details like area, spacing in mm
Neutral axis angle for resultant design moment is with respect to local major axis.
Ratio to account for reduction of stiffness of columns
1 βdns =
due to sustained axial loads
Moment magnification factor for frames not braced
2 δns =
against sidesway
First-order relative deflection between the top and
3 Δo =
bottom of the story due to Vu in mm
Total factored vertical load in the story
4 ∑Pu = corresponding to the lateral loading case for which
∑Pu is greatest, kN (Clause 10.10.5)
5 δu = Design displacement in mm
Modification factor reflecting the reduced
6 λ =
mechanical properties of lightweight concrete
7 Φ = Strength reduction factor
Coefficient defining the relative contribution of
8 ac =
concrete strength to nominal wall shear strength
Cross-sectional area of a structural member
9 Ach = measured to the outside edges of transverse
reinforcement in sqmm
Gross area of concrete section bounded by web
10 Acv = thickness and length of section in the direction of
shear force considered in sqmm
Effective cross-sectional area within a joint in a
11 Aj = plane parallel to plane of reinforcement generating
shear in the joint in sqmm
Area of non-prestressed longitudinal tension
12 As =
reinforcement in sqmm
Minimum area of shear reinforcement within
13 Avmin =
spacing 's' in sqmm
14 B = Width of column/ wall in mm
15 B' = width of beam along B / column width in mm
Cross-sectional dimension of member core
16 bc = measured to the outside edges of the transverse
reinforcement composing area Ash in mm
17 c =
Distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral
axis in mm
18 Cc = Clear cover of reinforcement in mm
Factor relating actual moment diagram to an
19 Cm =
equivalent uniform moment diagram
20 D = Depth / diameter of column in mm
21 D' =
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid
22 d =
of longitudinal tension reinforcement in mm
Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid
23 d' =
of longitudinal compression reinforcement,mm
24 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete in N/sqmm
Flexural stiffness of compression member in
25 EI =
N-sqmm
26 f'c = Specified strength of concrete cylinder in N/sqmm
Specified yield strength of reinforcement in
27 fy =
N/sqmm
Specified yield strength fy of transverse
28 fyt =
reinforcement in N/sqmm
Height of entire wall from base to top, or clear
29 hw = height of wall segment or wall pier considered in
mm
30 k = Effective length factor for compression member
31 lc = Length of compression member in a frame in mm
Moment of inertia of gross concrete section about
32 lg =
centroidal axis neglecting reinforcement in mm4
33 lw = Length of entire wall in mm
Un-supported length for compression member
34 lux =
along D in mm
Un-supported length for compression member
35 luy =
along B in mm
Moment capacity of section for NA angle at design
36 MCap =
Pu in kNm
Resultant design moment at angle to local major axis
37 MRes =
in kNm
Factored moment amplified for the effects of
38 Mc = member curvature used for design of compression
member in kNm
Factored moment modified to account for effect of
39 mm =
axial compression in kNm
Factored moment at section along D in kNm (From
40 Mux =
Analysis)
Factored moment at section along B in kNm (From
41 Muy =
Analysis)
Smaller factored end moment on a compression
42 M1 =
member in kNm
43 M1ns =
Factored end moment on a compression member at
the end at which M1 acts, due to loads that cause no
appreciable sidesway in kNm
Factored end moment on compression member at
44 M1s = the end at which M1 acts, due to loads that cause
appreciable sidesway in kNm
Smaller factored end moment on a compression
45 M1sldr =
member due to slenderness effect in kNm
Larger factored end moment on compression
46 M2 =
member in kNm
47 M2min = Minimum value of M2
Factored end moment on compression member at
48 M2ns = the end at which M2 acts, due to loads that cause no
appreciable sidesway in kNm
Factored end moment on compression member at
49 M2s = the end at which M2 acts, due to loads that cause
appreciable sidesway in kNm
Largest factored end moment on a compression
50 M2sldr =
member due to slenderness effect in kNm
51 Mnb = Flexure Capacity for Beam
52 Mnc = Flexure Capacity for Column
53 Mnty = Flexure strength at top along column depth, kNm
Flexure strength at bottom along column depth,
54 Mnby =
kNm
55 Mntx = Flexure strength at top along column width, kNm
Flexure strength at bottom along column width,
56 Mnbx =
kNm
Factored axial force normal to cross section
57 Nu =
occurring simultaneously with Vu in kN
58 Pc = Critical buckling load in kN
Ratio of area of distributed transverse reinforcement
59 pt = to gross concrete area perpendicular to that
reinforcement
60 Pω = Ratio of As to B x d
61 Q = Stability index for storey
Radius of gyration of cross section of a compression
62 r =
member in mm
63 Vc = Nominal shear strength provided by concrete in kN
64 Vj = Shear Force acting at the joint in kN
65 Vn = Nominal shear strength in kN
66 Vn' = Nominal shear strength in kN
Factored horizontal shear in a storey of section in
67 Vus =
kN
Factored shear at section along D in kN (From
68 Vux =
Analysis)
Shear induced due to column flexural capacity along
69 Vux1 =
width, kN
70 Vux2 =
Shear due to enhanced earthquake factor along
width, kN
Factored shear at section along B in kN (From
71 Vuy =
Analysis)
Shear induced due to column flexural capacity along
72 Vuy1 =
depth, kN
Shear due to enhanced earthquake factor along
73 Vuy2 =
depth, kN
It is a Neutral Axis angle corresponding to load
74 β =
angle to find out MCap
75 φ = Strength Reduction Factor
Code References:
ACI 318M-2011
Sr.No Element Clause / table
Minimum area of longitudinal
1 : 21.6.3
reinforcement for column
Maximum area of longitudinal
2 : 21.6.3
reinforcement for column
Minimum longitudinal and transverse
3 : 21.9.2.1
reinforcement for wall
4 Minimum diameter of transverse ties : 7.10.5
5 Minimum spacing of transverse ties : 7.10.5
Maximum spacing of longitudinal and
6 : 21.9.2.1
transverse reinforcement for wall
7 Applicability of boundary element : 21.9.6
Area and spacing of special confining
8 : 21.6.4
reinforcement
9 Slenderness Moments : 10.10
Shear Strength provided by concrete for
10 : 11.2
column
11 Design of shear for non-ductile wall : 11.9
12 Design of shear for ductile wall : 21.9.4
13 Minimum Flexural Strength of Columns : 21.6.2.2
14 Shear Check at Column Joint : 21.7.4.1
15 Shear Strength of Column : 21.3.3 & 21.5.4
General Data
Column No. : C2
Level : 0m To 1.5m
Design Code = ACI 318M - 2011
Grade Of Concrete = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel = Fy410 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = Yes
Type of Frame = Special
Column B = 350 mm
Column D = 450 mm
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 1100 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 1500 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 1
Load Data
Analysis Reference No. = 2
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 7
[3] : 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) +(LOAD 4: LL) +(LOAD 1:
Load Combination =
SX)
Critical Location = Bottom Joint
Put = 206.77 kN
Muxt = -0.16 kNm
Muyt = 7.89 kNm
Vuxt = 30.29 kN
Vuyt = -0.64 kN
Pub = 213.46 kN
Muxb = 0.81 kNm
Muyb = 53.31 kNm
Vuxb = 30.29 kN
Vuyb = -0.64 kN
Along B
Q = 0.01
0.01< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)
Slenderness Check
Column Is Braced Along D
Slenderness Check along D
K = 0.78
r = 129.9 mm
Kluy /r = 9.01
M1 = -0.16 kNm
M2 = 0.81 kNm
34 - 12 x (M1/M2) = 36.31
9.01 < 36.31, Column not slender along D
Column Is Braced Along B
Slenderness Check along B
K = 0.87
r = 101.04 mm
Klux /r = 9.47
M1 = 7.89 kNm
M2 = 53.31 kNm
34 - 12 x (M1/M2) = 32.22
9.47 < 32.22, Column not slender along B
Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))
Moment Along B:
MAX((Left,Top + Right,Bot),
Mnty =
(Right,Top + Left,Bot))
= 98.08 kNm
Design Of Shear
Design for shear along D
Shear from Moment Capacity:
Pu = 213.46 kN
Luy = 1100 mm
Mnty = 170.33 kNm
Mnby = 170.33 kNm
Vuy1 = 309.69 kN
Shear from Beam Capacity at Joint:
Luy = 1100 mm
Mnty = 98.08 KN-m
Mnby = 0 KN-m
Vuy2 = 89.16 KN
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 8
[4] : 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) +(LOAD 4:
Critical Load Combination = kN
LL) +(LOAD 2: SZ)
Nu = 209.73 kN
Muy = 65.75 kNm
Vuy = -18.656 kN
Design Shear = max(Vuy, Vuy1, Vuy2)
= 227.11 kN
λ = 1
φ = 0.65
deff = 402 mm
ρw = 0.005
mm = 39.59 kNm
Vcy Permissible = 120.12 kN
Vuy > Vcy Permissible
Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
Diameter of link = 10 mm
> Max. longitudinal bar dia / 4
= 4 mm
Criterion for spacing of normal links
Min. Longitudinal Bar dia X 16 = 256 mm
48 x diameter of links = 480 mm
Provided spacing = 175 mm
General Data
Column No. : C2
Level : 1.5m To 4.7m
Design Code = ACI 318M - 2011
Grade Of Concrete = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel = Fy410 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = Yes
Type of Frame = Special
Column B = 350 mm
Column D = 450 mm
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 2750 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 3200 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 1
Load Data
Analysis Reference No. = 49
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 7
[3] : 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) +(LOAD 4: LL) +(LOAD 1:
Load Combination =
SX)
Critical Location = Bottom Joint
Put = 152.41 kN
Muxt = 1.5 kNm
Muyt = -49.89 kNm
Vuxt = 33.95 kN
Vuyt = 0.63 kN
Pub = 166.67 kN
Muxb = -0.51 kNm
Muyb = 58.71 kNm
Vuxb = 33.95 kN
Vuyb = 0.63 kN
Along B
Q = 0.024
0.024< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)
Slenderness Check
Column Is Braced Along D
Slenderness Check along D
K = 0.78
r = 129.9 mm
Kluy /r = 19.21
M1 = -0.51 kNm
M2 = 1.5 kNm
34 - 12 x (M1/M2) = 38.1
19.21 < 38.1, Column not slender along D
Column Is Braced Along B
Slenderness Check along B
K = 1
r = 101.04 mm
Klux /r = 27.22
M1 = -49.89 kNm
M2 = 58.71 kNm
34 - 12 x (M1/M2) = 44.2
27.22 < 44.2, Column not slender along B
Calculation of Design Moment
Direction Manalysis Msldr or Mc Mdesign-final
A B C
Major Axis Mux (top) 1.5 - 1.5
Major Axis Mux (bottom) -0.51 - -0.51
Minor Axis Muy (top) -49.89 - -49.89
Minor Axis Muy (bottom) 58.71 - 58.71
Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))
Moment Along B:
MAX((Left,Top + Right,Bot),
Mnty =
(Right,Top + Left,Bot))
= 180.22 kNm
Moment Along B:
MAX((Left,Top + Right,Bot),
Mnby =
(Right,Top + Left,Bot))
= 98.08 kNm
Design Of Shear
Design for shear along D
Shear from Moment Capacity:
Pu = 166.67 kN
Luy = 2750 mm
Mnty = 163.37 kNm
Mnby = 163.37 kNm
Vuy1 = 118.82 kN
Shear from Beam Capacity at Joint:
Luy = 2750 mm
Mnty = 180.22 KN-m
Mnby = 98.08 KN-m
Vuy2 = 101.2 KN
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 5
Critical Load Combination = [1] : 1.4 (LOAD 3: DL) kN
Nu = 178.89 kN
Muy = 0.8 kNm
Vuy = 0.6664 kN
Design Shear = max(Vuy, Vuy1, Vuy2)
= 102.11 kN
λ = 1
φ = 0.65
deff = 402 mm
ρw = 0.005
mm = 21.52 kNm
Vcy Permissible = 215.59 kN
Vuy < Vcy Permissible
Link For Shear Design Along D are not required
Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
Diameter of link = 10 mm
> Max. longitudinal bar dia / 4
= 4 mm
Criterion for spacing of normal links
Min. Longitudinal Bar dia X 16 = 256 mm
48 x diameter of links = 480 mm
Provided spacing = 175 mm
General Data
Column No. : C2
Level : 4.7m To 7.9m
Design Code = ACI 318M - 2011
Grade Of Concrete = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel = Fy410 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = Yes
Type of Frame = Special
Column B = 350 mm
Column D = 450 mm
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 2800 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 3200 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 1
Load Data
Analysis Reference No. = 96
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 7
[3] : 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) +(LOAD 4: LL) +(LOAD 1:
Load Combination =
SX)
Critical Location = Top Joint
Put = 76.29 kN
Muxt = 0.75 kNm
Muyt = -68.25 kNm
Vuxt = 42.45 kN
Vuyt = 0.1 kN
Pub = 90.54 kN
Muxb = 0.43 kNm
Muyb = 67.56 kNm
Vuxb = 42.45 kN
Vuyb = 0.1 kN
Along B
Q = 0.023
0.023< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)
Slenderness Check
Column Is Braced Along D
Slenderness Check along D
K = 0.78
r = 129.9 mm
Kluy /r = 19.21
M1 = 0.43 kNm
M2 = 0.75 kNm
34 - 12 x (M1/M2) = 27.11
19.21 < 27.11, Column not slender along D
Column Is Braced Along B
Slenderness Check along B
K = 0.86
r = 101.04 mm
Klux /r = 23.83
M1 = 67.56 kNm
M2 = -68.25 kNm
34 - 12 x (M1/M2) = 45.88
23.83 < 45.88, Column not slender along B
Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))
Moment Along B:
MAX((Left,Top + Right,Bot),
Mnty =
(Right,Top + Left,Bot))
= 118.28 kNm
Moment Along B:
MAX((Left,Top + Right,Bot),
Mnby =
(Right,Top + Left,Bot))
= 180.22 kNm
Design Of Shear
Design for shear along D
Shear from Moment Capacity:
Pu = 76.29 kN
Luy = 2800 mm
Mnty = 243.96 kNm
Mnby = 243.96 kNm
Vuy1 = 174.26 kN
Shear from Beam Capacity at Joint:
Luy = 2800 mm
Mnty = 118.28 KN-m
Mnby = 180.22 KN-m
Vuy2 = 106.61 KN
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 5
Critical Load Combination = [1] : 1.4 (LOAD 3: DL) kN
Nu = 98.4 kN
Muy = 0.11 kNm
Vuy = 0.2217 kN
Design Shear = max(Vuy, Vuy1, Vuy2)
= 152.47 kN
λ = 1
φ = 0.65
deff = 400 mm
ρw = 0.005
mm = 12.19 kNm
Vcy Permissible = 202.21 kN
Vuy < Vcy Permissible
Link For Shear Design Along D are not required
Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
Diameter of link = 10 mm
> Max. longitudinal bar dia / 4
= 5 mm
Criterion for spacing of normal links
Min. Longitudinal Bar dia X 16 = 320 mm
48 x diameter of links = 480 mm
Provided spacing = 175 mm