ĐOÁN ĐỀ

IELTS
WRITING
QUÝ III –
2017
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Contents
OPINION ................................................................................................. 3

DISCUSSION......................................................................................... 28

PROBLEM & SOLUTIONS ..................................................................... 37

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES..................................................... 43

TWO-PART QUESTION ....................................................................... 48

 OPINION
1. It is neither possible nor useful for a country to provide university places for a high
proportion of young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Furnishing the young generations with tertiary education play an indispensable part in the
government’s policies. However, most policy makers reckon that it is infeasible and inefficient
to offer the vast majority of the youth higher education. From my perspective, I completely agree
with this statement for the following reasons.
It proves impossible for a country to provide entry to tertiary education for all young people. The
first reason is the prohibitive tuition fees and the inability to afford them of the majority of
youths. College or university undergraduates are supposed to learn from experiments, purchase
costly materials during a term, let alone other field trips if one majors in practical fields of study
like engineering or medical. All of these plus the fact that many students from rural areas find it
tough to meet only the annual tuition fees, especially in poverty-stricken countries. This leads to
the second reason in which I mean government have other priorities such as universal education,
health care system to invest in.
It also does not seem useful for the whole country once the state wish to accommodate the youth
with higher education. This is primarily because there is no guarantee that students will become
successful and contribute to the well-being of their nation after finishing their education. There
are the cases when distinguished graduates fail to secure a decent job and thus become
unemployed, exacerbating the burden on society as a consequence. Even worse, some are likely
to slack off with their studies or even drop out of school as they either take higher education for
granted or find no motivation in furthering their knowledge, given the thought that tertiary
education is subsidised or free of charge.
In conclusion, it’s my firm belief that not only it is neither possible nor useful for a country to
provide university places for a high proportion of young people.
(312 words)
2. It is better for college students to live far away from home than live at home with their
parents. Do you agree or disagree?
Many students are faced with the dilemma of whether to live in a university dormitory or at
home with parents. From my perspective, a dormitory is evidently the better option for most
students.
On the one hand, there is a common belief that living with parents is better for students’ personal
development. People may argue that students living at home may fully concentrate on their
academic study because their parents would normally support them in other activities, such as
doing household tasks. However, it is irrefutable that in this way, some students may become
over-reliant on their parents in most of their daily activities, and thus lose the ability of living
independently in the future. By contrast, students who live in dormitories have to take care of
themselves in all aspects of life. Therefore, they may acquire the vital skills of a self-reliant
person, ranging from financial management and problem solving to meal planning and home
management, all of which are essential to foster the all-round personal development of this group
of students.
On the other hand, there are several distinct advantages of choosing on-campus residences. The
most evident advantage is that students who choose this type of accommodation would have
extremely easy access to libraries and various learning sources that are readily available at
school. Another obvious benefit is that those living in a students’ residence are exposed to a
diverse environment with people from various social and cultural backgrounds. From this,
students are better prepared to live in this multi-cultural world.
From the issues outlined above, one can conclude that living inside the school campus is
apparently a better choice than living at home with parents.
(278 words)
3. Government should invest more money in science education rather than other subjects to
develop the country. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
People have different views on the subjects that the government should invest in and prioritize in
order to achieve what is termed economic development. Some believe that a larger portion of
government funds should be dedicated to teaching science-related. In my opinion, although
science plays a large role, other subjects hold merit in their own right in contributing to, and in
driving, economic progress and therefore, deserve equal government investment and funding.
On the one hand, public funding in science education subjects is important in driving the
development of a country in many areas, such as engineering and medicine. For example,
developed countries such as Japan has emphasized the science education of their citizens. This
strong focus has led to science learning, knowledge, and scientific research achievement fosters
innovation and increases productivity, which directly contributes to the national economic
growth of the nation. Therefore, investment in the teaching of science education is crucial for a
country’s economic progress.
On the other hand, the management of nation also determines its state of development and
economic progress. As such, it can be argued that curriculum subjects such as social sciences and
law require as much attention and investment. For example, developing economies such as
Indonesia and Cambodia have long experienced a history of political and social unrests and
conflicts. This can largely be attributed to instability and poor management of legal, social and
governmental systems. This is in contrast to their Asian counterparts such as Singapore and
Korea, where well-established and stable civil law and political institutions can be observed.
In conclusion, subjects related to the management of a nation’s economy such as social sciences
have as much impact and significance on the development and progress of one’s nation and
deserve as much government investment as science subjects.
(296 words)
4. Too much emphasis is placed on going university for academic study. People should be
encouraged to do vocational training, because there is a lack of qualified tradespeople such
as electricians or plumbers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is true that there is an increasing number of high-school graduates to prefer enrolling in
universities than vocational schools. This leads to a shortage of skilled workers for labor
markets. Therefore, I completely agree with the idea that young people need to be urged to take a
course in trade schools.
The achievement of students in vocational schools may ensure their success future. Obviously,
the developing economies require a high demand of manual workers for production lines and
service businesses. This means, upon graduating from career schools, students may have many
job opportunities and seek employment easier than those with bachelor degrees of business or
finance. For example, according to the report of Vietnam Ministry of Labour, War invalids and
Social Affairs in 2015, we have redundant 200.000 people with the bachelor of economics while
we lack hundred thousands of skilled workers such as welders, turner, machinist, and nurses in
order to supply for labor markets.
Therefore, this policy may help to balance between two types of manpower: white-collar and
blue-collar workers in society. Manual workers contribute to the growth of the economy as much
as white-collar workers do in the office. If a country lacks skilled workers, its economics may
have negative effects. For instance, national electrical supply systems not able to be operated
well if there are not enough electricians to maintenance them monthly. As a result, factories and
enterprises will be lost electrical power and effect directly on quality and quantity of product.
This leads to damages for businesses in particular and economics in general.
In conclusion, labor markets are in a severe shortage of qualified workers, hence, encouraging
youngsters to take part in trade schools are actually necessary to maintain the economic in good
shape.
(290 words)
5. Some people think that people who choose a job early and keep doing it are more likely
to get more a satisfying career life than those who frequently change their jobs. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
It is claimed that people embarking their career early and keep pursuing it for a long time are
more likely to gain job satisfaction than those who usually switch their job. From my
perspective, I firmly hold the view that though both trends may bring people job pleasure in
different ways, being loyal to one position would make them more satisfied.
Borne employees have a propensity to change their job since they desire to find their real career
passion which is integral to job satisfaction. After some time working in a company, those who
find it monotonous to continue staying in the current position may change their direction. By
doing this, they have ample opportunities to challenge themselves in different working
environments, which afford them chances to build up their social network and a wide range of
necessary job skills. For this type of employees, it is undeniable that a larger circle of network
and skills acquirement bring them occupational pleasures.
However, I believe that the better opportunity of professional promotion by committing to one
company is more preferable. Long-time employees can gain profound experience and trust from
other colleagues, especially their superiors who could offer them opportunities to climb up on
their career ladder. This promotion method is applied in countries with deep-rooted employment
norms such as Korea and Japan, where employees get fixed career promotion path based on their
working time and loyalty rather than outstanding performance. Professional advancement can not
only secure employees better salary, allowing them to live a better life, but also help them earn
the feelings of being highly esteemed. This is where job satisfaction commonly comes from.
In conclusion, although occupation switch stills offer employee benefits, I opine that people
should be loyal to one organization for the professional promotion prospect which would bring
them a satisfactory career and secure a better livelihood.
(310 words)
6. Professional workers like doctors, nurses and teachers make a greater contribution to
society and so should be paid more than sports and entertainment personalities. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
For many years, the distribution of country's wealth has been debated. Some have advocated
giving highly qualified professions such as doctors and teachers high wages than actors or
sportsmen. I completely agree with this notion for several reasons.
Nowadays, movie stars and football players are gaining much popularity and receiving all the
attention either from public or the government. That is why they are paid high salaries compared
to other people working in other jobs in the same community. That maybe due to the fact that
these actors and sportsmen are considered as role models for many especially children.
Nevertheless, the vast majority of people think these stars are over-rated since they have no
essential role in the country's renaissance. Conversely, health and education are the cornerstone
in any country's development.
Accordingly, people working in these fields should be paid salaries higher than other fringe jobs
for several reasons. Firstly, health care professionals and teachers spend tremendous effort and
long time to be highly qualified. Moreover, paying attention to these highly qualified jobs would
encourage young generations to attain these prestigious jobs. For example, if doctors and teacher
were paid high salaries, children would be encouraged to study hard to be qualified to attain
these careers.
In conclusion, although entertainment may be an important aspect in our life, this does not justify
paying people working in this field higher than other vital jobs. It is high time doctors and
teacher were paid wages higher than actors or sports stars.
(249 words)
7. Nowadays, most large companies operate multi-nationally. To what extent those
companies should have responsibility towards local communities in which they operate?
In the globalization process, a variety of organizations run on an international scale. However, I
believe that these firms should not forget to place more of an emphasis on contributing to the
development of the local societies where they are located in several aspects.
The first responsibility that the multinational companies should take is to preserve the local
environment. Companies of any size would exert negative influence on the region’s air and water
quality by running factories, disposing of waste to the waterworks or simply using air-
conditioners. Therefore, it is encouraged that they are active in placing restrictions on the level of
the contaminants released and endeavoring to operate on an environmentally friendly basis.
Second of all, paying tax on schedule is also an obligation. The tax money is used to upgrade the
public constructions and regulate the socioeconomic activities, thus facilitate people’s life.
Accordingly, not paying tax properly, the companies not only violate the national laws, but also
indirectly deprive the inhabitants of a wide range of benefits they are well-deserved to reap.
Finally, the major global companies can support the regional communities by creating jobs.
Provided with career opportunities at a firm near their homes, the workers can not only save time
and money for traveling but also find it easier to take care of their family. In a broader view, this
action helps reduce the unemployment rate at the area, which boosts the local economic
development in the long run.
In conclusion, I believe that helping the local communities thrive should be considered a must
for the international organizations, and there are many ways to implement the task.
(271 words)
8. International sporting events could contribute greatly to peace and stability in the world.
Do you agree or disagree? Give your opinion and relevant examples.
It is generally believed by many people that the peaceful and stable life on the Earth could be
provided by sport tournaments such as Olympic games and World Cup. I totally disagree with
this statement and think that sport competitions are not facilitators in peace.
Firstly, football matches and Olympic games are one of the approachable places for terror groups
to organize attacks. Plenty of dangerous organizations usually target to sport events to arrange
offence since thousands of spectators gather in one place, in on time. Moreover, rebels often
threat that they will carry out the assault during the matches or championships. For instance, in
2016, terror group so-called Islamic State organized several severe terror acts during the friendly
football match between France and Germany in Paris. As a result, five people were killed and 20
fans were wounded by this ISIS attack.
Secondly, I would argue that political tension in the world has worse affect to sport. Countries
which have long-term conflict, North and South Korea, Russia and Ukraine will not play
together within the international tournaments and organizations try to prevent sport fans and
players collapse in the stadium. This can be illustrated by the example that FIFA and
International Olympic Committee (IOC) will not put this nations team in on spot during the draw
ceremony in order to preclude their games. If their game is inevitable, this competition will be
held in a neutral area and an empty venue.
In conclusion, although there are a number of different points of regarding this viewpoint, I
claim that in the new era sport tournaments are not able ensure safety and stability. Therefore,
sport organizations have to develop security methods during the events.
(283 words)
9. Nowadays many young people spend their free time in shopping centers. This has a
negative effect on the youths and the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree with
this statement? Give your opinion and relevant examples.
The young today spend a large amount of their leisure time in shopping centers. It is feared that
this trend can bring negative influences on the youths and the society. I strongly agree with this
view.
On the individual level, allocating excessive amounts of lime on making purchases at shopping
malls can make the young generations waste a great deal of money. Although browsing for
products like clothes or perfumes can be a captivating experience, the youths are easily tempted
into impulsive buying as there are dozens of brands with various prices and designs for them to
choose from. A clear example is a fashionable girl buying 10 shirts and jeans in a row because
there is a big sale period in progress at Christmas Holiday and this costs her somewhere 100
dollars, quite a high sum of money. In addition, such items often end up being unused: some
dresses can be left in the wardrobe, covered with dust anti are unfortunately over-sized upon
people’s first use.
On the societal level, the communities can suffer from a decrease in the intellectual level and
work productivity as young people are more interested in leisure pursuits rather than focusing on
their work or study. It is undeniable that an average woman spends at least two hours doing the
shopping while shopaholics can spend a whole day, and the trend is that they are being more and
more willing to spend fewer hours at the workplace during weekdays, or students often stop
reading a book and head to the nearest shopping mall if their friends ask them out. Gradually, the
economy also suffers due to less work being done, and the youths could slack off in their
acquisition of knowledge, making the national education standard drop significantly.
In conclusion, I believe that this trend has an overall negative impact on both the young and the
society as a whole.
(316 words)
10. When new towns are planned, it is more important to include public parks and sports
facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time in. To what extent do
you agree or disagree with this statement?
Big shopping centers are available everywhere in modern cities. The existence of these shopping
places actually brings much convenience for resident’s life. However, there is a very limited
number of public parks and sports facilities. It seems to me that when designing and building a
new town, there should be considerations of involving more public parks and sports facilities,
and with less shopping markets.
To begin with, in such a competitive society, people are much easier to confront with emotional
stress, public parks are ideal places to have relax and escape from their busy work temporally.
And doing exercise is also an effective approach to get physical and in spiritual relief. What is
more, providing more public parks and sports facilities would be helpful to citizen health. That
can encourage people to go out and enjoy the pleasure of sports. Finally, a town with more
public parks and sports facilities shows a very good city image and civilization. To some extent,
that would help to improve the city environment and reduce the air pollution.
On the other hand, the rapidly development of e-commerce are dramatically changing people’s
shopping style, so it is unlikely to cause troubles to citizen life if there are fewer shopping
centers in cities. Today, it becomes increasing popular to shop online, which can make up the
decrease numbers of real shops. And constructing fewer shopping markets can save a large
amount of resources.
For the reason above, giving more access to public parks and sports facilities is an essential part
to a new town. That is of great importance for a modern citizen healthy lifestyle, as well as a
good city image.
(276 words)
11. The main aim of advertising campaign is to increase sales of a certain product, but
people don’t really need it. To what extent you agree or disagree? Give your own opinion
and relevant examples.
Some people argue that there is no need to do such campaigns as it doesn't make a huge
difference on a buying decision of the customer. However, my inclination does not support the
statement because advertisements are meant to provide lots of information in favor of making
right purchase decisions.
Firstly, technology and fashion are changing every now and then. Hence, adverts keep the
viewers updated about the latest trends of the market. For instance, usually for every season, the
apparel brands introduce a new collection based on the upcoming fashion. So, public will aware
about the new introduction in the stores only through the marketing campaign of the brand.
Secondly, promotion allows people to understand the features of the product and its use. For
example, the Blackberry phone was meant for only working people, so, its advertisement was
clearly stating that it was not for the youth. At last, the buyers get an opportunity to compare the
same product of different brands so that the purchase end up as the best buy.
Conversely, the purchase decision mostly depends either on a budget or on a need of the
customer. Hence, seeing advertisement will hardly alter the buyer's decision. To exemplify, if the
Samsung is advertising a product with advanced features and a great look, but its cost does not fit
one's pocket, it can never divert customer towards the Samsung product. More to it, sometimes
the campaigns are so superficial which never appeal to the viewer as it does not communicate
clearly about the use and benefits of the product.
To sum up, marketing strategies are meant to influence the mass, however, I strongly believe that
the prompt use of information supplied by the medium of advertisement will always help a buyer
to hit the birds eye.
(298 words)
12. The society would benefit from a ban on all forms of advertising because it serves no
useful purpose, and can even be damaging. Do you agree or disagree?
It is regularly argued that prohibition of all categories of advertisement, which are thought to be
pointless and even detrimental, could generate numerous benefits for the community.
Notwithstanding, from my standpoint, social members tend to not only reap advantages but also
tolerate demerits from this trend.
On the one hand, it seems undeniable that the ban on multiple kinds of advertisement can be
beneficial for consumers. Forbidding advertising is synonymous with the fact that purchasers
may not have to pay a remarkable measure of money for advertising services included in product
prices. This can serve to reduce consumers’ expenditures for shopping. Moreover, no sooner are
numerous advertisements exaggerating the functions, values and qualities of commodities with a
view to pressing citizens to purchase their products prohibited than individuals may select their
items to fulfill their requirements without being adversely affected by the messages in which the
truths related to these goods can have been exaggerated or even distorted.
On the other hand, it would appear that the bar to advertisement services likewise pose untold
drawbacks to the community. The first shortcoming could be the joblessness which employees
involved in advertising could be confronted with, in all likelihood, giving rise to an increase in
the unemployment rate. Another disadvantage might be that this prohibition can keep consumers
in ignorance of the latest goods available on the market. Hence, they may be faced with obstacles
in searching for and comparing the quality and price concerning the products of the same
category before deciding to purchase them.
In conclusion, it is my conviction that banning advertisements can wield both desired and
adverse effects on community members.
(273 words)
13. People should look after their health for personal benefits, rather than a duty for a
society. What extent do you agree or disagree?
Whether ensuring a healthy lifestyle should be deemed as public responsibility or individuals’
own advantages has evolved as a heated topic of controversy. While I consent to the social
implications of personal fitness, I opine that the populace should retain their health in their
interests.
In the first place, no sooner do individuals allocate their time and efforts for enhancing their
health conditions than they can contribute as viable human resources to social betterment. For
example, on account of constant training under a myriad of harsh conditions, loyal and strong-
willed soldiers will be physically well-qualified to shield national security and sovereignty from
abhorrent conspiracies of enemy forces. Simultaneously, when citizens are in good physical
conditions, they have the competence to entirely devote themselves to the social development
thanks to the capability to work for long hours with high productivity.
However, there is a common consensus that a good health lays the foundations for life
fulfilment, which firmly endorses the viewpoint that people are obliged to maintain their welfare
as personal benefits. By virtue of staying healthy and getting involved in recreation activities,
people are bound to greatly enjoy their life. In addition, it is indisputable that the medical
treatments often places a large financial burden on individuals, especially those suffering from
chronic diseases like diabetes, tuberculosis or cancer. Therefore, through the medium of
initiating appropriate diets and workout schemes, people will be able to prevent both illnesses
and money loss.
All in all, it is my belief that citizens should take the maintenance of their health into serious
consideration, as this benefits not only every single person but also the whole community.
(272 words)
14. Studies show that many criminals have a low level of education. For this reason, people
believe that the best way to reduce crime is to educate people in prison so they can get a job
when leave prison. Do you agree or disagree?
Recently, crime has been increasing out of control. Some hold the idea that in order to deter
crimes, criminals should be given proper education while in prison. Personally, I partly share the
same view with this.
It is my belief that nurture, not nature, is responsible for malignant and antisocial behaviors. That
is to say, everybody is born with good personalities and what turns some into criminals is
parental neglect and lack of education. Many studies have shown that children who are not
supervised by their parents on a regular basis are many times more likely to go off the rails,
commit acts of selfishness or to behave aggressively against others. This rationalizes why I think
a good number of prisoners after being released will not repeat their offences if they are given
education.
In addition, while being in jail, inmates have plenty of time which can be misspent. For example,
some of them spend their time on gambling with their cellmates or accessing materials with
objectionable contents. Thus, giving them the opportunity to be educated translates to the
reduction of time which can be potentially frittered away or used for malicious purposes.
Nevertheless, there are objections to this perspective. Those who oppose claim that the potential
program of giving education to criminals can cost a huge amount of money from the
Government budget. However, considering the result it can deliver in the long run as far as
societal stability is concerned, this program is not a waste of taxpayers’ money.
What has been discussed above has effectively corroborated my view that education can reduce
participation in criminal activities and inmates should receive education while serving time.
(277 words)
15. Prison is the common way in most countries to solve the problem of crime. However, a
more effective solution is to provide people a better education. Do you agree or disagree?
Despite the popularity of prison sentences as the way to control illegalities, improvements on
education have gained social endorsement as a means to eliminate the problem from its root. In
my opinion, I disagree that education is the better one as it is rather impossible to compare these
two methods’ effectiveness owing to their distinct impacts.
On the one hand, the reasons why prisons are of indispensable necessity for social security are
varied. They are the place to keep people who have broken the law contained, ensuring the safety
of other citizens. Especially, dangerous criminals such as murderers or rapists have to be
imprisoned for their heinous actions. Furthermore, severe prison sentences act as a deterrent
against crimes. Knowing there might be a chance of getting caught and condemned to jail, which
also means losing freedom and living a miserable life in a cell, ones who are having the intention
of committing illegalities would reconsider going down the path.
On the other hand, education serves as a remedy for the origin of crimes. Education contributes
greatly to heighten people’s intellect and to form a civilized society. With access to better
educational services, citizens would be well-informed about the damage that committing crimes
would cause to their community and themselves, which eventually leads to the decline in crime
rates. Additionally, the possession of certain qualifications through fundamental education like
vocational training could secure a person’s stable life, which would dispel any ideas of
committing crimes.
In conclusion, I believe there is no absolute way to deduce whether imprisonment policies or
better education would take the dominant role in dealing with crimes as they both tackle the
problem just in different ways.
(280 words)
16. New parents should attend parenting classes to learn how to bring up their children
well. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement? Give your opinion,
supported by examples from your own experience.
No one can argue that modern parents are more likely to taking care of their children very well.
As people are more educated, modern parents have a better understanding about parenting much
more than in the past. It becomes a new trend these days that many new mothers attend child
care courses in order to be able to take care kids properly. Some think that it is very essential for
being parents, whereas others disagree. Personally, I agree with this statement for a couple
reasons.
To begin with, there are many details of looking after children that most parents unfamiliar.
Many tasks and skills are very difficult such as holding infants, feeding kids or even massaging
babies. These skills can only be acquired unless parents take a child-care course. Many parents
especially in developed countries are concerned that if they are not learning from other people or
experts, they will find a hard time in looking after their infants. For example, good touching or
massaging has many benefits such as improving relationship between parents and babies and
increasing a child’s blood circulation. However, without practicing massage skills from the
course, parents may not be able to do it correctly and might hurt their kids.
Moreover, studying parenting skills can definitely widen new knowledge. The latest research and
important parenting theory which are very useful for taking care of kids will be gained during the
course. Scientists or health care experts can demonstrate specific techniques and answer all
unclear questions to parents. As a result, parents can eliminate misunderstanding about baby
nursing and learn updated parenting skills based on scientific knowledge. For example, in a class
a dietitian can illustrate healthy food for children in different ages and demonstrates how to
prepare it which helps new parents to overcome these tasks. Without a nutrition class, parents
would have no ideas about what types of food that they can feed kids.
In conclusion, attending child care classes has many merits for all families. Being parents is not
easy however, this class definitely helps parents to widen their horizons and clear all
misunderstanding details about looking after their children. Hopefully, taking this course will
boost parents’ knowledge and skills which is very practical and very useful for them.
(375 words)
17. Many people think modern communication technology is having some negative effects
on social relationships. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
It is argued that technological advancements in the field of communication have adversely
affected one’s personal and professional relationships. Personally, I strongly disagree with this
view.
As new ways of communicating with one another, such as mobile phones and social networks,
are introduced, some fear that people might become socially isolated. Their rationale is that these
technologies, which promote communication in virtual reality, have marginalized physical
interaction and thus may potentially fracture concrete relationships. However, this claim is
largely exaggerated. In reality, virtual interaction augments social relationships rather than
undermines them. For example, most Facebook users talk to friends and colleagues both through
the social network and in person. The extra features that Facebook provides like instant
messaging and video calling do not substitute for having a conversation in real life, but merely
help us stay connected over long distances.
I am convinced there is further evidence to suggest that innovations in communication exist not
to the detriment of social relationships, but rather to their benefit. Not only do they address the
question of distance as demonstrated above, these tools also help us to expand our social circles.
For instance, online food forums connect people who share a passion for culinary arts, while
photo-sharing applications like Instagram can bring together a group of individuals who have the
same taste in fashion. These examples are a testament to how technology establishes
communities and promotes interaction among people.
In conclusion, there are sufficient grounds to reject the view that social relationships might be
jeopardized by the advent of advanced communication technologies. It is my genuine belief that
as technology improves going forward, so will people’s social experience.
(275 words)
18. Scientists predict that humans will speak the same language in the future. Do you think
it is a positive or negative development?
The omnipresence of some languages around the globe has resulted in an anticipation that one
specific language will be worldwide spoken by all people in the future. While this trend offers
some undeniable benefits, I believe that it is a negative development.
On the one hand, it is true that an universal dialect may help remove language barriers, allowing
people from different parts of the world to convey their thoughts and ideas more effectively.
Using the same language would, as a result, facilitate many fields including international
business transactors, cross-border cooperation and tourism. The emergence of English as the
predominant communicative language has testified for this advantage. Furthermore, without
linguistic barriers, any country could freely communicate and cooperate with others, forming a
global village with a myriad of unprecedented opportunities.
On the other hand, I am of the belief that those aforementioned advantages are negligible when
compared with the potential consequence. As people around the world speak merely one
language, this would lead to the disappearance of many other languages which are integral to
national identities of any country. For example, some ethnics’ cultures in Taiwan would be on
the edge of extinction, if minor languages of these tribes are replaced by one global dialect,
which poses a dire threat to Taiwan’s cultural diversity.
In conclusion, it seems that people can reap a great number of benefits regarding communication
thanks to the use of an universal dialect. I firmly hold the view that the drawbacks should not be
overlooked and concrete actions should be taken to retain the linguistic diversity in the world.
(263 words)
19. The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems to increase the price of fuels.
Do you agree or disagree?
Environmental issues are now becoming global concerns. Some people believe that an increase
in fuel price is the best solution to reduce those problems. However, I am of the opinion that
there are particular measures would be more effective than raising fuel costs.
It is a fallacy to consider high fuel costs as the best way to tackle environmental problem.
Advocates of such a perception tend to claim that heightening fuel prices would lead to a
decrease in the amount of fuel consumption for transportation and production resulting in
reducing carbon dioxide emission and toxic air pollutants from vehicles and factories which are
likely to be the main causes of greenhouse effect and global warming. However, such a scenario
would not happen since using fuel terms to be a deep-rooted practice of human, which could be
clearly seen that most vehicles in the world use fuels as the main source of energy. Furthermore,
this solution may not only have no positive impact on the global environmental condition but
also cause a counter-effects on the world’s economy. Therefore, applying a higher fuel price
should not be regarded as the most practical solution.
In my point of view, some feasible measures could be taken to handle our environmental issues.
Firstly, the governments should introduce laws as well as organize campaigns to encourage their
citizens to use public transportation which may directly reduce the amount of smoke released
from private cars and motorbikes. Besides, every country should have its public transportation
improved to promote such a type of eco-friendly commuting mode. Secondly, an immense
investment in renewable sources to reduce the cost of these types of power would switch
people’s habit to use alternative energy instead of fossil fuels. Compared to such an inefficient
measure like heightening fuel costs, those solutions tend to be more practical and sustainable to
tackle environmental issues.
In conclusion, high fuel cost could not be considered as the most feasible method to solve
environmental issues as other measures are likely to be more practical and sustainable.
(338 words)
20. It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local history than world history.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Many people have valued the role of local history to schoolchildren over that of world history. In
my opinion, I disagree with those people as both of them are equally essential for young learners.
Studying the history of their hometown is for sure an indispensable part of school’s curriculum
during students’ early education. I believe having thorough insights into what happened in the
past at one’s locality develops his patriotism. For example, children of primary and secondary
schools in my village are taught about how their ancestors defended their land against outside
intruders and reclaimed sovereignty. Therefore, those young children would take pride in their
origin and treasure the life they know as it is today. Additionally, I think it is not only students’
privilege but also their responsibility to know about their own history to understand their
hometown’s traditional values and identity.
From another angle, learning about world history shares equal importance just as local one.
Acquiring knowledge about the world’s past events equips students with a more well-rounded
perspective of life. Lessons about the World War or Feminism protest against women’s abuse
and discrimination would help those learners enhance their understanding about various aspects
of the world. Furthermore, I think that being taught about the other countries’ historical
backgrounds would benefit young learners in their future career. Students who accumulate
knowledge of this particular field at an early age would possess a golden selling point to work
for foreign enterprises, especially those who highly value company culture like Japan.
In conclusion, I believe the significance of domestic and international history cannot be brought
into comparison to see which one is more necessary because they have distinctively equal
meanings to children.
(282 words)
21. Although more and more people read the news on the Internet, newspaper will remain
the most important source of news for the majority of people. Do you agree or disagree
with that statement?
Some people believe that despite the spreading popularity of the online media, traditional
newspaper will still hold the most vital position among news readers. In my opinion, this idea is
rather absurd as the Internet has become increasingly dominant due to the benefits it offers.
The first thing that attracts people to reading news on the online sources is their easy access.
With the presence of the Internet around almost every corner of the world, people with a portable
device such as a mobile phone can access huge storage of news. In fact, latest events, for
example IS Terrorist attacks, would be updated immediately on CNN or New York Times. By
contrast, with prolonging procedures including editing and printing, traditional newspaper might
not be able to compete with the Internet in terms of the updating speed.
Another benefit with which the Internet can, from my point of view, take over the position of
printed newspaper is the new experience it brings to readers. One limitation of newspaper is that
it cannot convey visual messages to the people who read news on a regular basis. Meanwhile,
non-stop progress of the technology industry has unfolded the possibility to upload videos and
voice records on various online websites. For instance, soccer fans these days can rematch their
favorite matches anytime they want with only a laptop connected to the Internet, which a mere
paper cannot do.
In conclusion, I disagree that printed newspaper would continue to be the most crucial source of
information because more and more people will be drawn to use the Internet.
(262 words)
22. It is impossible to help all people in the world, so governments should focus on people in
their own countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The question whether governments should provide aids internationally or domestically has
drawn much attention from the public. Although I understand why helping everyone in the world
is unachievable, I strongly disagree that governmental support should solely be concentrated on
satisfying local needs.
On the one hand, I suppose the world’s leaders’ hesitation over the provision of international aids
to deprived regions is legitimate. Firstly, it is unfeasible for governments’ support to reach all of
the underprivileged as their number is enormous in many separated places around the globe and
the type of support they need also varies. For example, developed nations may encounter
numerous obstacles in terms of transportation upon sending food and medicines to poor regions
scattering around Africa where people are facing the threat of famine or contagions. Secondly, I
believe leaders of a country should prioritize the well-being of their citizens and stabilize their
economy and politics before carrying out any acts of global assistance.
On the other hand, I still believe governments should help as many people as they can regardless
of the fragile odds for worldwide comprehensive support for all people. To begin with, in many
underdeveloped countries, their leaders are unable to bear the burden of eradicating domestic
poverty or crises due to, for example, terrorism, which calls for the involvement from other
affluent nations. Also of great significance is that this national act of charity could have a huge
impact upon individuals living in prosperous areas. If the government take actions to help people
overseas, citizens of that country will idolize the idea of self-devotion toward a better world.
In conclusion, I truly believe the world leaders should lend their neighbors a hand to offer help to
people in need on their doorstep.
(290 words)
23. It is more important for governments to spend public funds on promoting a healthy
lifestyle than treatment. Do you agree or disagree?
An often-debated topic is whether the government should use state budget for promoting healthy
lifestyle to limit illness or spend it on the treatment of the people who are already ill. In my
opinion, a healthy life style as well as timely medical attention and cure for any illness of citizens
are equally important.
To begin with, to maintain the healthy lifestyle of all citizens should be the main concern of the
government. To prevent ailments from occurring, an early warning system should be set up to
advice people how to avoid contracting. Taking pandemic H1N1 as an example, when the
government informs all citizens from initial days about the dangers of this epidemic, virus
therefor was unavailable to spread and the well-being of many people could be maintained. In
addition, the government has to encourage people to lead completely healthy lives to minimize
the possibilities of getting ill. National and local health campaign need to be launched to educate
people understand the risks of using alcohol and cigarettes.
However, curing people who suffer from illness is very important as well. Everyone has the civil
right to have access to medical system regardless of their health status. As all citizens have
already paid money through the tax system, no one should be excluded from any service.
Moreover, when treating people with physical ailment, doctors could be able to find new more
effective ways to prevent the pandemic flu. From historical evidence, many medical
breakthroughs are created from the process of curing people. Hence, the government should take
all reasonable measures to help people who are sick.
By way of conclusion, I strongly believe that the government should give equal attention to
promoting healthy lifestyle of people and curing them from illness.
(291 words)
24. In the future, it seems more difficult to live on the Earth. Some people think more
money should be spent on researching other planet to live, such as Mars. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?
It is true that, if present trends continue, it will become increasingly difficult to sustain human
life on Earth. While I agree that it is vital to tackle this problem. I believe that expenditure on
research for new planets to colonies should be given a low priority, and resources must be used
to find other, more practical solutions.
There are two major reasons why life on Earth is becoming more and more unsustainable. One
obvious problem is the uncontrolled consumption of natural resources, which are being depleted
as a result. For instance, the extraction of fossil fuels, such as coal, gas and oil to satisfy growing
energy demands has serious environmental impacts, and these resources will eventually run out.
Another concern is the rising level of pollution worldwide, of the land, the oceans and the air that
we breathe. In India, for example, thousands of tons of industrial rubbish have been released
illegally into rivers, killing aquatic life and contaminating drinking water.
However, I would argue that the search for a new planet on which humans could survive is a
waste of valuable resources. Firstly, a vast amount of funding would be required to finance such
space exploration, with no guarantee of success. This money is needed now to improve health
services globally and to provide better education for all. Secondly, financial resources should be
used to develop advanced technologies that would be more environmentally- friendly and
provide renew able energy. In the field of transport, to take a simple example, vehicles can now
be converted to run on hydrogen or even waste cooking oil – as McDonald’s have done with
their trucks.
In conclusion, I consider that the search for new planets on which to settle is a waste of time and
resources, and efforts should be concentrated on living more sustainably here on Earth.
(305 words)
25. Nowadays young people are admiring media and sports stars, even though they do not
set a good example. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
The admiration young people hold for celebrities is not a new phenomenon. Throughout history,
youths have been inspired by people with outstanding athletic ability. It is argued that this
admiration brings with it more positive than negative issues. This will be proven by looking at
how sports figures both instill inspiration and teach life lessons to young people.
Firstly, celebrities often display extremely developed skills, which can help to spur young people
towards a life full of physically active. For instance, school children are often driven to exercise
in an attempt to emulate superstars, such as Novak Djokovic, Ronaldo and Messi. As this
additional exercise is good for their health, it is difficult to argue that the inspiration celebrities
bestow upon young people is entirely a bad thing. Thus, this shows that the admiration people
hold for sports stars has positive implications.
Although the negative character traits of many sports celebrities are often called into question, it
is felt the public mistakes professional athletes make can act as good morality lessons for young
people. A good image of this occurred when Canadian runner Ben Johnson dishonorably lost an
Olympic gold medal due to steroid use. This incident showed young people around the world
that drug use is a shameful practice. As this example illustrates, often the public errors athletes
commit can act as good lessons for adolescents.
After looking at the above, it is felt to hold athletes in esteem does not bring with it entirely
negative consequences. It is assumed the historical admiration people will retain for sports stars
is not going to change into the foreseeable future.
(269 words)
 DISCUSSION
26. Some people say that what children watch on TV influences their behavior while others
say the amount of time they spend watching TV influences their behavior. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.
There is much controversy surrounding effects of watching TV on children’s behavioral pattern.
While it is often said that TV programs have discernible impacts on the ways children behave, a
measure of time children channel into TV is also argued to be instrumental in shaping children’s
manners. This essay will discuss both arguments and give a concluding viewpoint.
On the one hand, numerous social members tend to back the conviction that several behavioral
ways of children can be shaped under the impact of television broadcasts. It would seem
undeniable that children have an instinct for learning from and imitating the patterns of those
who they may observe. In fact, in various parts of the world, the exposure to televised violent
scenes in the films may trigger aggressive behaviors in children. Besides, no sooner do children
get access to educationally oriented programs on the screen such as “Helping people to help
themselves” than most of them are likely to be encouraged to behave in friendlier and thoughtful
ways towards others.
Notwithstanding, the amount of time spent on TV programming also has deciding effects on
children’s behavioral pattern. First, when diverting a sheer quantity of time into sitting on the
screen so as to watch TV, various children, in all likelihood, are confronted with a sedentary
lifestyle because they seemingly sit down on the TV screen and rarely take part in physical
activities. Second, the long exposure to TV shows could deprive them of hours for participating
in creative activities and socializing with other peers in reality. Therefore, this may be the main
culprit of children’s poor social behaviors.
Overall, it is sensible for me to conclude that children’s behavioral pattern is strongly impacted
by both TV programs and the time they allocate for watching TV.
(294 words)
27. Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think
people should have freedom to do any sports or activity. Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.
It is commonly believed that extreme sports should be strictly prohibited due to the huge number
of risks involved. In this essay, I am going to demonstrate that risk factors are present in all
sports before suggesting that people should have the right to play any sports they want.
Advocates of banning certain sports may argue that their inherently dangerous nature may
threaten lives. As extreme conditions are a prerequisite for these sports, risks like equipment
failure render players more vulnerable than in other sports. For example, skydivers who freefall
from enormous altitudes seem more prone to injuries or even death than players of ordinary
sports. However, in reality, all physical activities carry a certain degree of risks, and it is difficult
to judge which one is more hazardous than the other. For instance, acute pains like ankle sprains
are prevalent in football or basketball as a result of intense practice drills and frequent matches,
but it is unlikely that these sports will be banned given their popularity. Besides, people must
undergo rigorous tests to ensure they are physically and mentally conditioned before
participating in dangerous sports. Therefore, concerns over the safety of extreme athletes are
quite irrelevant.
I believe that people should have the autonomy to play any sports they want, regardless of their
danger. This is because they can already decide for themselves whether to take part in a number
of dangerous non-sport activities. For example, those who reach the legal drinking age are free to
purchase alcohol, the excessive consumption of which may have fatal consequences. If personal
freedom is championed with regard to things like alcohol, it is argued that it should be extended
to sporting pursuits as well. Instead of an outright ban on extreme sports, I believe there are ways
to mitigate the risks attached with them. Sports associations could impose an age limit for
extreme athletes in order to ensure only people who are fully developed physically are allowed to
participate. Another solution is to bar players from practicing or competing without the necessary
protective gear. These measures would strike a happy medium without intruding people’s
personal freedom.
In conclusion, I believe people are entitled to play dangerous sports if they want, and certain
restrictions in lieu of a ban would help ease the safety concerns.
(383 words)
28. Some people believe increasing business and cultural contacts between countries is a
positive development while others argue that it is a threat to the identity of a nation.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
One of the most noticeable trends recently is a closer connection among nations in terms of
business and culture. While many argued that it may lead to the demise of countries’ identities, I
believe that it brings about opportunities for one’s progression.
There are several reasons why national identity can disappear if cultural and business bonding
among countries is strengthened. Firstly, the invasion of foreign cultures, either through media or
through business interaction, has made the locals have become more accustomed to exotic
cultures, especially younger generations. Many young Asians are captivated by the Western
culture which has changed their ways of life. Secondly, taking a look back in history, a plethora
of civilizations are vanishing, this started by the loss of own language. Many small communities
want to come out of their isolation and seek interaction with the wider world; therefore, they
learn other languages to exist.
Nevertheless, I believe that business and cultural relationship between countries have resulted in
greater economic development. To begin with, trade throughout global thereby improves the
economy of underdeveloped countries. Many multinational companies have opened in many
parts of the world providing jobs to thousands of locals. Furthermore, those countries can get a
chance to spread their culture to others. A unique culture can attract foreign visitors and become
a huge income source for a nation. For example, Vietnam is famous for “pho”, a traditional food
made from rice, and many tourists want to visit to Vietnam and enjoy it.
In conclusion, although there are some reasons why the increased of interactions in both business
and cultural aspects between nations has brought concerns over its impact on the identity of each
country, in my opinion it can promote the nation’s development.
(288 words)
29. Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change.
Others, however, think that change is always a good thing. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.
Most people do not want to change because they feel unsecured with the new happenings in their
life. However, some people argue that change can bring more rewarding things to a person life
and develop a person to get in an advanced step. It is an essential thing to discuss both views
carefully.
On the one hand, people who want to pursue to do the same lifestyle, think that maintaining their
status is the best way to become a success. They just keep doing the same routine without
creating other things in their life. Change means a person has to start from the beginning again
and develop their skills which is very difficult to build everything from a fundamental to become
an advance. Most people are satisfied and confined with their principal and do not want to leave
from their comfort zone. Retaining their status can make the feel more secured in their position
rather than changing their lifestyle.
On the other hand, being change can mean the development and improvement of a person’s life.
Valuable experience can only be acquired in trying to do new things. Consequently, a person can
improve their skills much better than others who fear to change. Adjusting with a new concept
can help a person survive and fit in some positions. If a person still believes in traditional ways
which do not match with conventional belief, it will cause some problems for them. For instance,
innovative technology has shipped rapidly and if an individual do not accept this change and
learn new concepts, he/she will become outdated and do not fit in the modern world.
In conclusion, both sides have their own significance. However, I do assert that being creative
can develop some advanced skills and gain more valuable experience. Without adjusting with
new things also can lead to become an old-fashion person.
(309 words)
30. Some people believe that a crime is a result of social problems and poverty, others think
that crime is a result of bad person’s nature. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Many people consider that innate characteristics are responsible for the fact that some people
choose to turn to a career of crime. However, I would argue that crime is a consequence of social
issues and poverty.
There is a belief that a person’s nature determines whether or not they become a criminal. Firstly,
they argue that an individual who is cruel turns to crime more easily than a kind person. For
instance, a child bullying other boys or girls at school may turn into a violent criminal in the
future. Secondly, bad characteristics such as laziness or selfishness could also breed future
offenders, who seek to acquire easy money without working for it. A number of youngsters
choose to steal from others, instead of working hard to make an honest living. These are strong
reasons for thinking that those who have an inborn bad nature are more likely to break the law.
Nevertheless, it seems to me that social issues and poverty are the main causes behind crime.
There are many problems in society which might lead to an increase in the crime rate. For
example, unemployment pushes people into resorting to crime because they simply cannot find a
job. As a consequence, the number of offenders has climbed in many countries over recent
decades. Another reason is that, more broadly, poverty in general leads to a rise in crime. If
people do not have enough money to make ends meet, they will be tempted to pursue illegal
activities just to support themselves and their families.
In conclusion, while a number of people think that a person’s nature is the primary cause of
crimes, I would argue that they are the results of social issues and poverty.
(287 words)
31. Some people think international car-free days are an effective way of reducing air
pollution, others think there are some other ways. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.
It is true that humankind have been encountering the unprecedented global air pollution. While
many individuals argue that curbing air pollution by introducing international car-free days is
promising, I believe that other more effective methods should be taken into considerations.
On the one hand, there are various reasons why many people agree that the former approach is
conducive to reduce air pollution. It stands to reason that the number the number of private cars
has been increasing significantly in the new era as the result of the advent of state-of-the-art
technology in car industry as well as high standard of living. Consequently, the more cars
consumed, the more exhaust emissions emitted, resulting in air pollution. International car-free
days, therefore, would reduce to some extent the amount of emissions stemming from this mean
of transportation and obviously contribute to environmental protection in the long run.
On the other hand, I would advocate with those who contend that there are numerous approaches
besides this above-mentioned one that would be more effectively. Firstly, it is fair to say that air
pollution is attributable to not only the increasing car consumption but also other resources such
as emissions from industrial areas. State government, thereafter, should interfere in this field by
enacting environmental laws which restrict the amount of emissions of factories. Moreover,
residents could be raised awareness by encouraging them to be involved in eco-friendly activities
like planting trees, using public transportation or car-pooling system, which curb a large number
of vehicles in street including private cars. By doing so, not only could it tackle this problem, it
but also save national budget.
In conclusion, it seems to me that applying other methods would be highly advantageous,
although international car-free days could be promising to some extent.
(293 words)
32. Some people believe the government should spend money on building train and subway
lines to reduce traffic congestion. Others think that building more and wider roads is the
better way to reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
The methods of mitigating traffic congestion have been a heated topic of controversy. Some
people argue that the construction of larger roads is the answer for the problem. However, I
contend that such a solution is ineffective in the long term, while the option to construct railways
and subways is a far better measure.
There is a common fallacy that governmental spending on building larger roads could
sustainably address the problem of traffic congestion. An increase in road size could reduce the
traffic intensity in the short term, but larger roads also mean that the citizens are encouraged to
purchase more individual vehicles. This leads to the fact that the roads, albeit larger, would soon
be filled with intense traffic again. For instance, traffic jams returned to Shanghai’s main streets
not long after they were expanded in the early 1990s. In brief, if this solution were implemented,
traffic jams would still persist in the long run.
Rail and subway systems, however, could ensure that traffic congestion is properly addressed.
Unlike cars and buses, trains are capable of transporting hundreds of people simultaneously and
thus would meet the transport demand of a vast number of passengers. Moreover, trains do not
have to go through intersections and traffic lights, and dedicated lines ensure their travel is
hardly interrupted. In other words, trains are always on time regardless of the level of traffic.
This level of punctuality would encourage many people to choose railways and subways as their
primary means of transport, and the number of individual vehicles would decrease accordingly.
As a result, traffic congestion could be tackled successfully.
The existing data provides a concrete foundation to conclude that building more and larger roads
is an unsustainable measure, while train and subway lines would be a much more effective
solution for the problem of traffic congestion.
(304 words)
33. Some believe that it’s good for a country’s culture to import films and TV programmes,
while others think it is better for a country to have their own films and TV programmes.
Discuss both views and give your opinions.
People have different views about whether it is better for a country to purchase foreign movies or
to create domestic ones. While importing movies from other countries can have some
advantages, I would argue that producing local movies is a much better option.
On the one hand, there are some clear benefits of buying movies from other countries. Firstly,
when a country imports movies that are produced overseas, it can help its people learn about
other cultures in a much easier and more effective way. This would help its citizens to be more
knowledgeable. Secondly, individuals can learn the good things of other more civilized societies
and alter the way they behave. For example, the habit of queuing is a nice thing in many Western
countries, and people from Vietnam can learn and copy this action when watching foreign
movies.
On the other hand, I believe it is better for countries to produce movies domestically because of
some reasons. The first one is that movies made by local people would help to preserve the
traditions and customs of their own cultures. For instance, many Vietnamese TV programmes
remind young generations of how people celebrate Lunar New Year, which is the most important
public holiday in some Asian countries. If young people only watch foreign movies, the
traditional values might be gradually forgotten. Another reason is that the film industry often
creates jobs such as actors, directors or cameramen. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in
producing movies in order to provide more employment opportunities for local people.
In conclusion, while purchasing foreign movies is beneficial for a nation's culture to some extent,
it seems to me that making local ones is a much better choice.
(285 words)
34. In developing countries, children in rural communities have less access to education.
Some people believe that the problem can be solved by providing more schools and
teachers, while others think that the problem can be solved by providing computers and
Internet access. Discuss both views and give your own opinions.
It is clear that the inaccessibility to educational systems of students in rural areas has been
attracting a great deal of media attention in recent decades. Although the proposal of providing
more educational institutions and teachers sounds feasible, I still advocate the provision of
computers and Internet access.
There are some reasons why an increase in schools and teachers could solve this problem. First,
due to the construction of more schools, students in developing areas would have a variety of
choices which schools to attend. This means that their likelihood of approaching an appropriate
educational environment inevitable, leading to an improvement in their empirical knowledge and
academic skills. Second, If official authorities decide to provide more teachers with professional
teaching qualifications, students will be accessible to excellent lectures with a wide range of
academic knowledge. This acts as an incentive for a higher degree of learners’ interactions and
consultations with teachers, which is instrumental in students’ making progress.
However, a rise in computers and Internet access is much more practical to alleviate this issue.
The first reason is that a heavy usage of computer devices would be conducive to pupils’
development of computer skills. For example, an intensity and frequency of using Microsoft
Words or PowerPoint could culminate in the betterment of typing and presentation skills, which
is vitally important for their future occupations. Another reason is that an easier access to the
Internet is invariably associated with the acceleration of both academic and social knowledge
acquisitions. Subsequently, they would have a higher opportunity of attending prestigious post-
secondary institutions, followed by a higher chance of employment and better social status.
In conclusion, I think computers and the Internet are the most effective means to resolve the lack
of education of pupils in rural communities for its substantial impacts on their knowledge as well
as future careers.
(306 words)
 PROBLEM & SOLUTIONS
35. There is a general increase in anti-social behaviors and lack of respect for others. What
are the causes and solutions?
The widespread problem of anti-social behaviors and disrespectful attitudes towards others has
long been a major topic of concern in society. Some of the major culprits of this problem will be
discussed before the most important solutions are drawn.
Reasons for this alarming situation vary. In some cases, people may hold an anti-social attitude
or disrespect others because they live in an environment where violence and discrimination are
the norms. For example, children of sexist parents in rural families in Vietnam, irrespective of
their gender, show a worrying tendency of disrespecting women. In some other cases, it is the
lack of parental guidance that is to blame. As modern parents are becoming increasingly busy
with their jobs, they may have the proclivity to be indifferent to children education. When there
is no one to help young children distinguish between the good and the bad, ill-mannered attitudes
may emerge and develop among them without being controlled.
A number of definite actions could be taken to mitigate the problem. On the national level, the
first obvious solution is to reduce violence and discrimination. As this would be a massive act,
the all voters and legislators should be responsible. Together, they could call for stricter
enforcement of the laws on violent and discriminatory acts to deter them from happening. In
addition, on the nuclear-family level, parents must not underestimate the significance of their
guidance for children. If they notice any signs of an anti-social or insolent manner in children,
they must provide them with negative evaluations of these signs. At the same time, parents could
also educate their children about social manners by instilling a pro-social sense in them. These
actions, albeit small, could have a strong influence on children when they mature.
To conclude, it is clear that violence, discrimination and the indifference of parents to children
education are the major catalysts for increase in anti-social behaviors and disrespect for others.
Strong measures, such as stringent law enforcement on violent and discriminatory acts, must be
taken to alleviate this distressing situation.
(339 words)
36. In schools and universities, girls tend to choose arts while boys like science. What are
the reasons for this trend and do you think this tendency should be changed?
There has been a difference in subject preferences between girls who often enroll in art classes
and boys who tend to study science. This could be explained by several elements, and I think that
it is best not to apply any changes to this tendency.
The aforementioned situation can be attributable to gender-specific personalities and
competence. First, female students are usually attracted to subjects that require tremendous self-
discipline and patience like language classes while male students share a common interest in
several fields that need considerable analytical abilities to excel at, for example physics or math.
Second, it has been proven that each of the two sexes shows distinct competence and excellence
at their favored types of subjects. And students certainly choose to participate in classes that they
are best at, which is why boys and girls choose different courses to study.
In my view, it is rather unnecessary to make changes to this trend. Initially, students choose the
environment where they can best cultivate their aptitudes. Therefore, if they were forced to take
part in unwanted classes, it would produce undesirable outcomes, especially resentment or
negative attitudes toward study at school. Furthermore, students, regardless of gender, should
have their freedom of choice. In other words, they should be at liberty to decide what courses
they can attend so that they would feel that they are respected and listened to.
In conclusion, distinct characteristics and competence between males and females are the causes
for the two tendencies toward choosing preferable courses to study at schools or universities, and
students should be entitled to participation in any class they find suitable.
(270 words)
37. It is observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study science
subject. What are causes? And what will be effects on society?
In several parts of the world, there is currently a lack of students choosing to study science in
universities and colleges. This problem happens due to some reasons, and it can have some
adverse impacts on society.
There are several reasons why fewer university students are choosing science as their major.
Firstly, these subjects are usually more difficult and demanding, which requires students to put
much effort into their study. For example, my friend who is doing a course in Biology said that
he had to conduct too many experiments and complete numerous projects, which prevented him
from having any free time. As a result, science subjects seem to be less attractive to students
compared to economics or business-related subjects. Secondly, as there are currently fewer
employment opportunities available for graduates in science fields, learners are less likely to
decide to select these majors. Instead, they tend to choose other subjects which allow them to
find jobs more easily.
A shortage of learners in science fields can result in some negative effects. The first impact is
that when fewer students decide to learn about science, there would be a serious shortage of
employees working in these fields. This would lead to fewer technological developments, which
would also prevent improvements in people's life quality. For instance, it would be difficult for
humans to produce newer smart phones with better functions. Additionally, while a significantly
increasing number of students are choosing economics and business to study, the number of job
vacancies in these areas is limited. Therefore, many university graduates would have to face
unemployment, which increases burden on society.
In conclusion, the shortage of students choosing science subjects is caused by several factors,
and this problem might bring about serious impacts.
(290 words)
38. The animal species are becoming extinct due to human activities on land and in sea.
What are the reasons and solutions?
There is no doubt that wildlife habitats are being destroyed and whole species of animals are on
the verge of disappearance due to human activities on land and in the sea. This situation is
understandable, and measures could certainly be taken to tackle the problems.
There are two main reasons why animals are disappearing. Firstly, in many parts of the world
trees are being cut down to make way for farmland on which to grow crops and keep animals.
Such agriculture practices involve clearing huge plots of land inhabited by local fauna, resulting
in the loss of habitats for the native animals. Secondly, overfishing is also responsible for the
destruction of aquatic life as many fishermen prioritize profits to the detriment of the diversity of
species. Many fish and other rare marine forms of life arc trapped, which reduces biodiversity
and has a devastating effect on the food chain of wildlife species.
Some solutions can be adopted to improve the situation. One approach is the application of hi-
tech machinery and other technological breakthroughs in the cultivation activities. Seeds with
higher crop yield can be grown while powerful tractors can be applied to plough the fields in a
speedy manner, resulting in higher output and productivity and thus a lower demand for clearing
more land for crop planting. Another measure is that government should impose strict fishing
regulations, setting a limit of the catch of fish or restricting access to aquatic areas with great
biodiversity. This ensures that other wild sea animals would not be destroyed in the process.
In conclusion, the human activities including farming and fishing are rendering many species of
animals extinct. However, government and individuals can join hands to combat the issues.
(285 words)
39. Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not local people.
Why is this the case and what can be done to attract more local people to visit these places?
Tourists are generally drawn to museums and historical locations when visiting new countries.
However, records have shown local people’s low attendance at these attractions. Some
explanations will be put forward before solutions can be drawn to tackle this problem.
There are several reasons as to why tourists, instead of the local people, come to museums and
historical places. First, these locations can provide visitors with a comprehensive overview of the
traditions in the particular locality they are situated. As a result, such destinations are generally
more appealing to the newcomers than to the locals, those without the need to familiarize
themselves with the traditional values of the region. Moreover, because the layout of museums
and historical houses is likely to remain unchanged through years, they can be visually
unattractive to the local inhabitants, who may have been to these sites for at least once in their
younger years.
Several measures can be prompted to promote locals’ attendance rate at buildings for historic
relics and museums. The main solution is to change the public’s perception of such places as
sites for only monotonous activities. Should civic events including weddings, anniversaries and
concerts be allowed to be held in these locations, they would attract substantial public attention
to historical values. Another resolution is that historians and preservationists should be featured
more frequently on the media, with their articles on the tremendous worth of museums and
historical remains.
To conclude, historical areas and museums can be uninteresting for local citizens because they
can be too familiar with the culture that these places depict. To better this, there should be more
media coverage on historical assets, and also more open-door policies to use such locations as
spots for more public-oriented activities.
(287 words)
40. Nowadays, more and more older people who need employment compete with the
younger people for the same jobs. What problems this causes? What are solutions?
It is true that fierce competition in the job market between older people and their younger
counterparts has become an increasingly widespread concern. Several problems have resulted
from this tendency and they should be tackled by a number of effective solutions from both
individuals and the government.
Competing with the young, the older generation has to face up to two main issues. Firstly, due to
age discrimination, older people often suffer more disadvantages when seeking the same
positions as young candidates, even when they have similar abilities and qualifications. As a
result, a number of them become unemployed, which prevents them from meeting basic human
needs. Secondly, old employees might be under strong pressure, stemming from the fact that
their young colleagues seem to be more creative and adapt themselves to changes at the
workplace more easily than they could do. This may lead to both physical and psychological
problems, including heart disease and depression.
Since such issues are serious, the government and individuals should take steps immediately to
address these problems. The first solution is that the government should encourage enterprises to
apply the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 in order to protect employees who are
40 years old or more from employment discrimination based on age. As a result, they would be
given greater opportunities to find suitable jobs and earn a living. On an individual level, older
workers should be willing to update their skills through attending training courses. If younger
colleagues also help them to adapt to changes in the working environment, older workers will
gain confidence and improve their work performance.
In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of increasing rivalry between the old and
the young in the job market and appropriate steps need to be taken to tackle these problems, not
only by the government but also by individuals.
(308 words)
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
41. In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between
finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages for young people who decided to do this.
Before embarking on college many young people are advised that a year working or travelling
may be a good option. This essay will suggest that saving money is the biggest advantage of this
and a reduced motivation to study is the primary disadvantage.
Third level education is very expensive and lots of students decide to work for 12 months and
save up money before they begin their studies. This allows them to pay for their living costs,
tuition fees and accommodation and focus on their studies, rather than struggle financially or
have to get a part time job on top of their academic work. The Times recently reported that the
average student at a UK university requires over $12,000 per annum just to survive and many
drop out because they cannot afford to stay.
Despite these advantages, many students often get used to working or travelling and don’t want
to return to a life of study after a year off. This short-term view can cause some to bypass
university altogether and go straight into a job that is beneath their capabilities or may not offer
the same prospects their future career might have done. For instance, a recent survey by the
British Government found that 26% of students who take a gap-year never enter tertiary
education.
In conclusion, taking a break from studies can be advantageous if it allows people to gather up
savings, however, they should also be careful that it does not lead to disillusionment with
education altogether.
(250 words)
42. Some schools start teaching a foreign language in primary school years. Do advantages
of teaching languages to young children outweigh the disadvantages? Give your own
opinion and examples.
One of the highly controversial issue today relates to whether to begin learning a foreign
language at primary school or at secondary school. This essay will further discuss whether
extending foreign language study to the primary stages is beneficial and if disadvantages may
occur in the later stages.
On one side of the argument there are people who argue that the benefits of practicing foreign
language at primary school considerably outweigh its disadvantages. The main reason for
believing this is that the children have the golden age period when they are at elementary school.
One good illustration of this is some developed countries have been implementing the bilingual
language in the primary school’s curriculum for decades, and most of children can speak the
second language as well as their native language. Another reason is that children are much more
enthusiastic to explore and to learn new things at a young age. The timetable for them should
allow more frequent shorter sessions for maintaining learner’s enthusiasm and progress.
Opponents reckon that the students at secondary school are better prepared than at primary
school for acquiring new language. However, there is actually no evidence to support this view
and children at their early ages (ranging from 5 to 10) can even learn faster and are better at
pronunciation. For example, my second daughter has started to learn English since she was five
years old and can speak English more fluently compared to her older sister who just learnt
English when she attended secondary school.
In my opinion, both arguments have their merits. On balance, however, I tend to believe that
learning second language in earlier age period will have more positive impact on most of the
children around the world.
(288 words)
43. New technologies have changed the way children spend their free time. Do advantages
of this outweigh disadvantages?
Nowadays, young children use computers so frequently that some even use them more than 10
hours every day. Although some people believe that the phenomenon has no harmful effects on
young children, I agree that the disadvantages of it outweigh the advantages.
To begin with, the benefits of using a computer are widely admitted. As high-tech tools,
computers provide children with diversified methods to help them learn efficiently. Animated
web pages and incentive applications are designed for teaching and inspiring them to access
more information and that process expands their horizons as a result. Also, children are attracted
easily by the interactions in educational computer programs, so that they absorb knowledge
effectively in a lively atmosphere, and it proves to be welcomed by both parents and teachers.
On the other hand, negative impacts of using a computer every day need to be emphasized. Since
young children have only acquired inadequate self-control, they are likely to be addicted to
computers, video games in particular. Spending too much time on computer games, children will
lose their interest in studying as well as communicating with their peers. Moreover, their values
and perspectives of the real world might not be well developed once they fall in love with the
virtual world, which will have a detrimental influence on their future. Again, using computers for
long hours has both physical and psychological effects that would be even more devastating for
young children.
In conclusion, though computers are helpful to youngsters’ study, the adverse effects they bring
weigh more. It is acceptable that youngsters use computers two or three times a week, but
parents still need to be aware of the unhealthy information on the internet and video games
addiction of their offspring.
(287 words)
44. People in community now could buy cheaper consumer goods. Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?
The development of technology combined with living in the city gives people the chance to
purchase products at cheaper prices. While I agree that this opportunity is advantageous to some
extent, I am seriously concerned that the drawbacks it brings can be detrimental to the living
society.
It is understandable that being able to buy cheaper product is substantially beneficial. Saving
money is probably the first and foremost merit of this trend. Instead of spending a significant
amount of monthly expenditure on clothes or basic necessities as they used to do in the previous
years, consumers can now spare a larger proportion of their budget on important needs including
better education and nutrition. In addition, the availability of low-priced products grants
consumers more spending choices and boost overall consumption. Since products become more
affordable and accessible, even low-income people now can purchase a certain range of
consumer goods to satisfy their different needs. Thanks to this, people from all walks of life can
enjoy sufficient living without paying much.
However, I strongly believe that purchasing cheaper goods has its downsides which seem
overshadow the benefits. Firstly, health threats to consumers and workers are two major
problems of this trend. To save costs, manufactures may accept the usage of unsafe cheap
chemicals and low-quality ingredients which undoubtedly affect customers’ health. Moreover,
mass production is also associated with worker exploitation and international outsourcing
systems that render poor countries labor-intensive. Secondly, cost-effectiveness of this practice is
not guaranteed since products of lower prices usually come with short shelf life and low quality.
Therefore, in certain cases, customers may not save money but also have to spend more than they
should have to fix or to purchase new products.
In conclusion, people’s access to cheaper products has its own good sides. However, the
shortcomings are more remarkable that they should be taken into serious consideration.
(311 words)
45. It is suggested that everyone should have a car, a TV and a fridge. Do the advantages of
this development for society outweigh the disadvantages?
In modern era, electronic equipment and means of transportation are considered to be basic
necessities of life. A vast majority of population desires to have these in their lives. I believe
benefits of this development outnumber drawbacks.
To begin with positive aspects, firstly, electronic products such as televisions, refrigerators and
vehicles are an integral part of life nowadays. For instance, Television is a source of information
and favorite pass time for many people. Secondly, to stay in touch with current affairs and watch
movies, dramas and talk shows in leisure public prefer to have television at home. Additionally,
some folks feel uncomfortable on public transport and give precedence to self-owned vehicles
over buses, trams and trains. Moreover, having own transport provide people an edge as they are
not dependent on a schedule of city transport and traveling to remote areas could be possible as
well.
On the other side of the coin, few negative aspects aspect should also be considered. Since the
invention of electrical appliances like television, radio and computers people have become
sluggish. Instead of outdoor activities, in free time they choose to stay home and watch their
favorite shows. With such habits in a society, people might forget the social values and norms. In
addition to that, slothful attitude, especially of a juvenile will prove to be dreadful and without
sports activities, they are more prone to diseases. Similarly, with increasing number of cars
environment will become vulnerable to pollution and smoke emitted from a vehicle is evidently a
health hazard.
To recapitulate, I consider electronic products and vehicles are vital components of modern time.
These necessities lessen the workload from lives of people and that time could be spent on other
productive activities.
(287 words)
 TWO-PART QUESTION
46. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of personal relationships? Has
this become a positive or negative development?
It is true that new technologies have had an influence on communication between people.
Technology has affected relationships in various ways, and in my opinion there are both positive
and negative effects.
Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education and social life. Firstly,
telephones and the Internet allow business people in different countries to interact without ever
meeting each other. Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for relationships
between students and teachers. For example, a student can now take video lessons with a teacher
in a different city or country. Finally, many people use social networks, like Facebook, to make
new friends and find people who share common interests, and they interact through their
computers rather than face to face.
On the one hand, these developments can be extremely positive. Cooperation between people in
different countries was much more difficult when communication was limited to written letters
or telegrams. Nowadays, interactions by email, phone or video are almost as good as face-to-face
meetings, and many of us benefit from these interactions, either in work or social contexts. On
the other hand, the availability of new communication technologies can also have the result of
isolating people and discouraging real interaction. For example, many young people choose to
make friends online rather than mixing with their peers in the real world, and these ‘virtual’
relationships are a poor substitute for real friendships.
In conclusion, technology has certainly revolutionised communication between people, but not
all of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive.

(255 words)
47. Nowadays, some buildings such as offices and schools have open-space design instead of
separate rooms. Why is it so? Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
At the current time, many institutions adopt a more open style of workplace design rather than
the traditional type of discrete rooms and departments. This essay will present the reason for this
trend, together with a discussion in terms of benefits and drawbacks of this open style.
First of all, a lack of walls or other physical barriers in offices makes it easier for employees to
interact with each other on a regular basis. The constant intermingling not only generates a sense
of camaraderie among personnel, it also enhances the flow of information and teamwork.
Colleagues can turn to each other for advice or assistance without having to knock on doors or
schedule a formal meeting. Interactions in an open-plan office space generally are more frequent
and informal than in closed environments where everyone has a separate office space.
On the downside, the high level of everyday interaction that takes place in an undivided work
space may lead to noise and distractions that make it difficult for employees to focus on their
work and conduct business. Lack of privacy is another potential problem with open-plan office
spaces, where computer screens are easily visible by those walking by and telephone
conversations are likely to be overheard. Open-plan layouts also facilitate the spread of disease,
so if a colleague comes to work with a cold, it can affect the health of the entire staff.
To conclude, this open style of office design possesses both advantage and disadvantage. It is
suggested that there should be a combination between this style and the conventional one to
further exploit the benefits of both, which consequently makes the offices more fascinating for
the workers to fulfil the duties
(278 words)
48. Parents often give children everything they ask for and do what they like. Is it good for
children? What are the consequences when they grow up?
Parental approach to bringing up young people surely has a deciding role to play in their
development. Some parents often raise their children with over-indulgence, and I feel this
method would be a hindrance to their individual growth and adult life.
It is human nature to love their offspring, and yet over-indulgence is a poor choice of rearing.
Children need to learn through punishments, which means that they should be punished for what
they do wrong and rewarded when they achieve something. Punishments like withdrawal of
privileges or even those of physical nature could sometimes be needed to educate children.
However, if they are allowed to do whatever they want, they will not understand the difference
between right and wrong and become ignorant, thoughtless individuals.
Providing youngsters with whatever they desire would teach them nothing but to have no regard
for what they already have. For example, they will pester their parents to buy them a new toy if
they are bored with the one they are having. This is extremely dangerous because it could be the
basis of their character when they grow up.
When there is no limit to the indulgence parents show toward their kids, these children will
become needy and dependent, and therefore are unable to live on their own. In some cultures like
Vietnam, parents pick up their kids at school even during high school, buy their clothes and cook
at home. Children do not have to do anything, which is mainly why many of them cannot stay
away from their parents and live independently even when they are in their 20s.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that indulgence should be within certain limit. Otherwise, it would
badly shape children’s personalities and restrict their ability to have an independent life later.
(296 words)
49. In recent years, the structure of a family and the role of its members are gradually
changing. What kinds of changes can occur? Do you think these changes are positive and
negative?
It is true that the there is a significant change in terms of family structure. Recently, the man
could do the housework such as cleaning or cooking, while more and more women go out to earn
money for their family. Personally, having a number of factors led to this situation, and I
consider it to be a positive trend.
The major reason of this case is a developing of the gender equality around the world.
Nowadays, because women have higher position and education than the past, they able to do
most anything as men do. Therefore, instead of cooking or looking for children, they could go
out to work and earn money for their family, and it is an equally if the men have to do their
housework and help their wife. Moreover, parents must change to adapt in our society. It is
agreed that many families will have financial problems, if there are merely men working to pay
living expenses. Consequently, parents need to share responsibilities in their family.
In my point, this trend is actually creating a profound positive influence not only in the society
but also among the family as well. In fact, in some case female display a better perform in their
work than male such as nurse or tailor, so this will bring many benefits for society. Furthermore,
by doing housework, the husbands could understand how rough of their wife job. This leads a
tied relationship among them which absolutely have positive impact on their child as well.
In conclusion, although the changing in role of husband and wife in family is the result of many
reasons, I think that it should be seen as progress in society.
(283 words)
50. More and more young people from wealthy countries are spending a short time doing
unpaid work such as teaching or building houses for communities in poorer countries. Why
young people choose to do so? Who will benefit more: young people or the communities?
There has been an ongoing trend of many youngsters from prosperous nations deciding to spend
their time doing voluntary work in underprivileged countries. Some of the prominent reasons for
this phenomenon will be discussed, before the benefits of both individuals and developing
countries are analyzed.
There are several convincing reasons associated with this practice. The most significant factor is
that doing such unpaid work in poor countries would be a comparative advantage for the young
when applying for a job in the future. In other words, in this fierce and competitive job market, a
candidate possessing an application file accompanied by only great scores could not be the ideal
one that a recruiter is finding; therefore, he or she needs outstanding volunteering experience to
be able to surpass other rivals. Another reason that is worth mentioning is that young generations
could engender the feeling of community when participating in unsalaried work. Their voluntary
efforts help to give prominence to the value of sharing and the sense of social responsibility to
secure improved humanity and international awareness about disadvantaged places.
It is undoubted that both the young volunteers and emerging countries could equally gain from
this phenomenon. Concerning the young, it is apparent that the aforementioned meaningful work
not only brings the doers unforgettable life lessons, gives them hands – on experience but also
helps expand their network of relationships. Throughout these journeys of youth, they gradually
grow more mature and confident, realizing the diversity of life by getting to know many walks of
people. In regard to poorer countries, they may have a chance to raise the living standards of
their dwellers. For instance, knowledge related to environment protection or health care which
they have acquired from overseas volunteers possibly improves their living conditions
afterwards.
To sum up, the requirement of more competitive profile and the determination to support
financially disadvantaged countries are the two principal elements that make young people join a
wide range of voluntary activities. I would contend that both the doers and the receivers are the
beneficiaries of the practice above.
(344 words)
51. Some people choose to have their first child at an older age. What are the reasons? Do
the advantages outweigh disadvantages?
There is a growing proportion of the world’s population who decide to have children later in life.
The underlying reasons for this trend are varied, and I suppose that the merits would eclipse the
downsides.
There are two main factors leading to the decision of delaying childbirth. The first one is because
people have the propensity for prioritizing their careers over taking parental roles. Especially in
the US and other developed countries, not only men but also women want to stabilize their
finance before becoming parents so as to provide their kids with sufficient living condition for
their future development. Another explanation for this is that many modern individuals have
adopted a fear of taking unwanted custody due to the recent alarming rate of divorce. It is
because premature marriages have become common, which usually goes with many couples’
doubt of their marital harmony, deterring their early desire for raising a child. There would be,
consequently, fewer kids growing up without fatherhood or motherhood.
However, the drawbacks should not be overlooked. That too many couples following such a
trend might exert adverse effects on the population structure, which potentially results in the
future aging workforce and hinders social development in the long term. Additionally, it could
both heighten the possibility of infertility among mothers at their old age and risk the new-born
babies’ mental and physical health. Down Syndrome could be a typical example of the problems
that those kids might have to suffer from.
In conclusion, the occupational prioritization and the hesitation over the likelihood of single-
parent responsibility could be seen as the root of late childbirth, and I am convinced that the
advantages are of more significance.
(279 words)
52. Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms of transport. Why is it not
popular in many places? And how to increase its popularity?
The unpopularity of using bicycle in numerous places has been brought into question although
there is little doubt about its friendly effects on the environment compared to cars or airplanes.
The reasons for this are varied and several feasible solutions would be proposed in the essay
below.
There are two main underlying explanations for the uncommon use of bicycles. Firstly, it would
consume a considerable amount of time to travel by this means of transport, which, according to
many, justifies the price of potential environmental damage caused by other types of vehicles.
This is because it fails to benefit dwellers of major cities in particular when their pace of working
life would eclipse the values of using bicycles to the environment. Secondly, modern people are
becoming less concerned about the negative impact that their daily use of cars and public
transportation would inflict on their surroundings. Therefore, it is rather impractical to expect
cycling in cities, or even the countryside.
The government play a vital role in encouraging the use of this environmentally friendly vehicle.
They could conduct monthly green days that by law require citizens to cycle to work to get
people involved in protecting their environment. In the long term, such an initiative would help
to gradually form a habit of cycling among occupied individuals. More importantly, propagation
via various means of media along with optional courses about the advantages of cycling to the
environment at schools seem imperative to heighten social awareness of this matter.
In conclusion, cycling, regardless of its positive influences on the environment, has become a
rare picture in the modern world for a number of reasons; and the government should take
immediate actions to improve this situation.
(284 words)