SPECIFICATIONS

For
REINFORCED CONCRETE WORK

Prepared For:

CERTAINTEED CORPORATION

Submitted By:

Javan & Walter, Inc.

Fort Washington, Pa

Prepared By:

Herbert Volk, P.E.

Reviewed By:

Chuck Newman, P.E.

J&W Project No. 01-50274#2

Revised November 5, 2001

a/spec/ct/50274#2
 CERTAINTEED CORPORATION

SPECIFICATION FOR

REINFORCED CONCRETE WORK

CERTAINTEED CORPORATION

This specification is the property of CertainTeed Corporation and all of the information
contained herein is to be kept confidential by the recipient and not to be used or disclosed
to any other person, firm or corporation without the express written consent of
CertainTeed Corporation; and this specification shall not be used, directly or indirectly,
except in connection with the work performed for CertainTeed Corporation. All rights of
design or invention are reserved.

50274#2 - Concrete 2
 SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE WORK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

I. GENERAL 6
A. SCOPE 6
B. CODES, SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS 6
C. DEVIATIONS 6

II. SHOP DRAWINGS 6

III. MATERIALS 7
A. GENERAL 7
B. CEMENT 7
C. AGGREGATES 7
D. WATER 7
E. REINFORCEMENT 8
F. CURING MATERIALS 8
G. JOINT FILLER STRIPS 8
H. JOINT SEALER 8
I. VAPOR BARRIER 9
J. WATERSTOPS 9
K. LIQUID HARDENER 9

IV. ADMIXTURES 9
A. GENERAL 9
B. AIR ENTRAINING AGENTS 9
C. ACCELERATING AGENT 10
D. OTHER ADMIXTURES 10
E. FLY ASH AND POZZOLAN 10

V. STORAGE OF MATERIALS 10
A. CEMENT 10
B. AGGREGATES 10

VI. DESIGN OF CONCRETE MIX 10

A. GENERAL 10
B. MAXIMUM SIZE OF COARSE AGGREGATE 11
C. PROPORTIONING OF INGREDIENTS 11
D. STRENGTHS 11
E. SLUMP 12
F. RATE OF HARDENING OF CONCRETE 12
G. CORRECTION OF PROPORTIONS 12
SECTION PAGE

50274#2 - Concrete 3
VII. COLD WEATHER REQUIREMENTS 13

VIII. HOT WEATHER REQUIREMENTS 13

IX. FORMWORK 13
A. GENERAL 13
B. DESIGN 13
C. MATERIALS 14
D. CHAMFER STRIPS 14
E. COATING OF FORMS 14
F. FORM TIES 15
G. REMOVAL OF FORMS 15

X. REINFORCEMENTS 15
A. GENERAL 15
B. REINFORCEMENT DETAILING, FABRICATING AND 16
PLACEMENT

XI. PREPARATION FOR PLACING 17

XII. CONVEYING 17

XIII. PLACING CONCRETE 17

A. GENERAL 17
B. TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN MIXING AND PLACING 17
C. GRANULAR FILL UNDER SLABS 18
D. EARTH FOUNDATION PLACEMENT 18
E. PLACING CONCRETE THROUGH REINFORCEMENT 18

XIV. COMPACTION 19

XV. JOINTS 19
A. EXPANSION JOINTS 19
B. CONSTRUCTION JOINTS OTHER THAN SLABS OR 19
GRADE
C. CONTRACTION OF CRACK-CONTROL JOINTS IN 20
SLABS ON GRADE

XVI. SURFACE FINISHING OTHER THAN FLOOR OR ROOF 20

SLABS

50274#2 - Concrete 4
 SECTION PAGE

XVII. CONCRETE FLOOR AND ROOF SLAB FINISHES 20

A. MONOLITHIC FINISH 20
B. ROUGH SLAB FINISH 20
C. WOOD FLOAT FINISH 21
D. TROWELED FINISH 21
E. NON-SLIP FINISH 21

XVIII. EMBEDDED ITEMS 21

XIX. CURING 22
A. GENERAL 22
B. MOIST CURING 22
C. WATERPROOF-PAPER CURING 22
D. MEMBRANE-FORMING CURING COMPOUND AND 22
LIQUID HARDENERS

XX. EQUIPMENT FOUNDATIONS AND GROUTING OFBASE 23

AND BEARING PLATES.
A. LEVELING PLATES TO BE SET TRUE AND LEVEL IN 23
NON-SHRINK GROUT.

XXI. SAMPLES AND TESTING 23

A. SAMPLING 23
B. SLUMP TESTS 23
C. AIR CONTENT TESTING 23
D. TESTING 23

XXII. PAINTING 24
A. CONCRETE & MASONRY (PRECAST, POUR IN 24
PLACE, DENSE CMU)
B. CONCRETE FLOORS 25
C. CONCRETE & MASONRY (POUROUS CMU & 25
CONCRETE)

50274#2 - Concrete 5
SPECIFICATION FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE WORK

I. GENERAL

A. Scope

1. This specification covers the technical requirements for the

furnishing, delivery, forming, placing, finishing and curing of plain
and reinforced concrete, including the fabrication and placement of
reinforcing steel, and the installation of embedded items in
accordance with the drawings and as specified herein.

2. Anchor bolts shall be furnished and installed under this

specification, unless otherwise noted.

B. Codes, Specifications and Standards

The following codes, specifications and standards herein referred to by number or

title shall form a part of this specification to the extent required by the
references thereto. The referenced code, specification or standard shall
include all amendments, revisions, and supplements in effect on the date
of invitation for bids.

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE ACI

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION AISC
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE ANSI
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS ASTM
CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE CRSI
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA
ADMINISTRATION

C. Deviations

It is the intent of this specification to establish acceptable standards of quality and

performance. Minor deviations in details due to manufacturer’s standard
shop process will be considered for acceptance, provided that, in the
opinion of the Owner’s representative, the proposed substitutions are
equal in quality and performance to the specified material. All deviations
shall be called out in writing in the proposal and shall be specifically
indicated on the shop drawings.

II. SHOP DRAWINGS

Prior to fabrication or shipment of material the Contractor shall submit and receive
approval of shop drawings. Shop drawings shall indicate bending diagrams,
assembly diagrams, splicing and lapping of rods, shapes, dimensions and details

50274#2 - Concrete 6
 of bar reinforcing and accessories. Drawings shall show all openings where
stairs, ducts, access areas and similar penetrations pass through concrete slab
construction. The approval of drawings will be for arrangement only and shall
not relieve the Fabricator of the responsibility for errors, omissions on the
accuracy of his own dimensions. Drawings and details shall conform to the
current edition of the Manual of Standard Practice for Detailing Reinforced
Concrete Structures, ACI 315.

III. MATERIALS

A. General

Except as otherwise specified herein, all materials shall conform to the American
Concrete Institute specifications “Building Code Requirements for
Reinforced Concrete, ACI 318” and “Recommended Practice for Selecting
Proportions for Concrete, ACI 613”.

B. Cement

The cement shall be Portland cement conforming to ASTM C 150, Type I or

C175, Type IA, or appropriate other type, approved by the Owner’s
representative, if special properties are desired or indicated.

C. Aggregates - ASTM C 33

1. Aggregates shall conform to ASTM C33, except as otherwise

specified, lightweight or heavyweight aggregate shall not be used.

2. Coarse Aggregate shall be crushed stone, well graded form fine to

coarse within prescribed limits. Maximum nominal coarse
aggregate shall be 1 inch, except for slabs on grade and mass or
foundation concrete where maximum size shall be 1 1/2 inch. Slag
will not be permitted.

3. Fine Aggregate shall be natural sand, clean and sharp.

4. River bed stone may be used at the discretion of the Owner.

D. Water

Water used in mixing concrete shall be potable. The sum of dissolved solids such
as oils, acids, alkalies, sulfates and other deleterious substances shall not
exceed 1,000 ppm.

E. Reinforcement

50274#2 - Concrete 7
 1. Reinforcing bars shall conform to ASTM A 615 Grade 60 unless
otherwise indicated on drawings or amendment to this
specification.

2. Plain smooth rods or dowels shall conform to ASTM A 306, with

minimum yield of 40,000 psi.

3. Welded wire fabric shall conform to ASTM A 185, and be made

of smooth cold drawn wire conforming to ASTM A 82, bright
basic finish.

4. Fabricated steel bar or rod mats shall conform to ASTM A 184.

5. Tie bars shall conform to ASTM A 615 or A 617.

6. Bar supports shall conform to chapter 3 of the Concrete

Reinforcing Steel Institute Manual.

F. Curing Materials

1. Cotton Mats

2. Waterproof paper, polyethylene sheeting, polyethylene coated

waterproof paper or polyethylene coated burlap, in accordance
with ASTM designation C-171.

3. Curing compound shall be chlorinated rubber, Federal

specification TT-C-800A, type I, 30 percent minimum solids.

G. Joint Filler Strips

Joint filler strips for expansion joints shall conform to ASTM D 1751 or D 1752,
or shall be resin-impregnated fiberboard conforming to the physical
requirements of ASTM D 1752. Joint filler shall be 1/2 inch thick unless
otherwise indicated.

H. Joint Sealer

Joint sealer shall be the hot-poured elastic type conforming to ASTM D 1190 or
Federal Specification SS-S-164, or the cold-application type conforming
to ASTM D 1850 or Federal Specification SS-S-195, unless specifically
indicated otherwise.

I. Vapor Barrier

50274#2 - Concrete 8
 1. Polyethylene sheeting conforming to Commercial standard CS
238, not less than 6-mil thickness.

J. Waterstops

Waterstops shall be one of the following, unless specifically indicated otherwise

on drawings.

1. Polyvinyl chloride Conforming to Corps. of Engineers

Specification CRD-C 572.

2. Neoprene (polychloroprene) as approved, having minimum of 70

percent basic neoprene polymer and 400 percent minimum
elongation at breaking.

K. Liquid Hardener

All surfaces indicated to receive a hardening treatment shall receive a colorless

liquid type hardener of a type that penetrates the surface of concrete and
reacts chemically with free lime and calcium carbonate, resulting in a
hardened, impervious and dustless surface.

IV. ADMIXTURES

A. The use of admixtures in the concrete mix shall be restricted to specific

job uses as outlined hereafter unless otherwise approved in writing by the
Owner’s representative or by amendment to this specification.

B. Air Entraining Agents

Air entraining agents shall conform to ASTM C 260 or Corps of Engineers

Specification CRD-C 13. The agent and the cement proposed for use shall
be selected well in advance of concrete placing, and the Contractor shall
provide satisfactory facilities for ready procurement of adequate test
samples. Air entrainment shall be produced by either adding and air
entraining agent at the mixer or by use of mill-produced air-entraining
cement. When necessary to increase the air content to within the specified
range, additional air-entraining admixture shall be added at the mixer. Air
content shall be based on measurements made in concrete mixtures at
point of discharge at the jobsite. All exterior concrete that is exposed to
freezing shall be air entrained. Air content by volume shall be 5 to 7
percent as determined in conformance with ASTM C 231.

C. Accelerating Agent

50274#2 - Concrete 9
 The use of calcium chloride is not allowed. To accelerate curing, use high early
cement or decrease water- cement ratio.

D. Other Admixtures

Admixtures other than air-entraining agent may be used on written approval when
the Contractor can show that concrete placement conditions with the
approved design mix are such as to require use of other admixture. The
admixture shall conform to ASTM C 494 and shall be compatible with the
design mix. Reduction of the cement will not be permitted.

E. Fly Ash and Pozzolan

Fly Ash and Pozzolan shall conform to ASTM C 618 and shall be of one type. If
the pozzolan is obtained from a different source during the work, the
concrete mix shall be redesigned before approval of the substitute
material.

V. STORAGE OF MATERIALS

A. Cement

Cement shall be stored to prevent caking, partial setting, deterioration, or

contamination. Cement which has any deleterious characteristics shall not
be used in the mix.

B. Aggregates

Aggregates shall be stored and handled so as to preserve the gradation and

cleanliness of the material. Segregation and/or contamination is cause for
rejection and the deficient material shall be removed and replaced.

VI. DESIGN OF CONCRETE MIX

A. General

All concrete shall be equivalent to ready-mixed concrete manufactured and

delivered in accordance with the requirements of ASTM C 94. The
concrete manufacturer shall assume the responsibility of the design of the
concrete mix or mixes in accordance with the latest ACI 613 to attain the
properties of strength, slump, entrained air, and rate of hardening in
conformance with the following requirements.

B. Maximum Size of Coarse Aggregate

50274#2 - Concrete 10
 Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings or specified herein, the maximum size
of coarse aggregate shall not, in general, be larger than 1/5 of the
narrowest dimension between the sides of forms of the member for which
the concrete is to be used, nor larger than ¾ of the minimum clear spacing
between reinforcing bars.

C. Proportioning of Ingredients

1. The proportion of ingredients shall be selected to produce the

proper placeability, durability, strength and other required
properties, and shall be such as to produce a mixture which will
work readily into the corners and angles of the forms and around
reinforcement by the methods of placing and consolidation
employed on the work, but without permitting the materials to
segregate or excessive free water to collect on the surface.

2. The determination of the water-cement ratio to attain the required

strength shall be in accordance with ACI 301, Method 1 (for
combinations of materials previously evaluated or to be established
by trial mixed, and with ACI 613 (211).

3. Before commencing concreting operations, the contractor shall

furnish the owner’s representative a statement, in duplicate, setting
forth the ingredients and their proportions to be used in each type
of concrete required for the job.

D. Strengths

Concrete mixes shall be designed for the minimum compressive strengths as

listed hereafter:

1. 4,000 psi: For all floor slabs, columns, walls, beams, pits, sumps,
and process trenches.

2. 3,000 psi: For all reinforced work not otherwise indicated or

specified.

3. 2,500 psi: For non-reinforced back fill of over excavations under

foundations.

E. Slump

Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings, concrete mixes shall be designed for
the following slumps. Slumps shall be measured in the field in
conformance with ASTM C 143 and shall be within the following limits,
provided the required strength is obtained:

50274#2 - Concrete 11
 Slump in Inches*
Reinforced Concrete Max. Min. Max. Min.

Foundation Wall and Footings 5 3

Suspended Floor Slabs, Beams, Girders 5 3
Building Columns, Piles and Pile Caps 5 3
Floor Slabs on Grade, Pavements, Walks 6 3

F. Rate of Hardening of Concrete

For the climatic conditions and types of construction indicated below, separate
mixes shall be designed to produce the required rate of hardening:

Climate Required Rate

Type of Construction Conditions of Hardenings

Structural Concrete Over 90ºF & Retarded

and Pavement Low Humidity

Under 40ºF Accelerated

G. Correction of Proportions

Prior to concreting operations, the Contractor shall establish, based on the

laboratory mix design, minimum standards of proportions for all the types
of concretes to be used on the project. Concrete operations shall proceed
with these mix designs, but if at any time the tests of job concretes
indicate failure to meet the strength, slump, and rate of hardening
requirements, the Contractor shall be required to change the standard
proportions to meet the requirements.

VII. COLD WEATHER REQUIREMENTS

When the temperature is below 40ºF or is likely to fall below 40ºF, before placing the
concrete, and/or during the 24-hour period after placing the concrete, the
Contractor shall be guided by the recommendations of ACI 306, “Recommended
Practice for Cold Weather Concreting”. Where salamanders and oil-fired heaters
are used, all products of combustion shall be vented to the exterior and not
permitted to contact uncured concrete.

VIII. HOT WEATHER REQUIREMENTS

50274#2 - Concrete 12
Concrete deposited during hot weather shall have a temperature of not more than 75ºF to
80ºF. The use of hot cement shall be avoided insofar as practicable, and cold
mixing water shall be used in the mix. Placing concrete for exposed surfaces
shall be scheduled for early morning periods and the finished concrete shall be
protected from the direct rays of the sun. The finished concrete shall be covered
by the contractor to restrict the evaporation of mixing water. The Contractor shall
be guided by the recommendations of ACI 305, “Recommended Practice for Hot
Weather Concreting”. The practice of building dikes around the pour and
flooding is acceptable.

IX. FORMWORK

A. General

Forms shall be designed, constructed, installed and maintained so as to insure that

after removal of forms, the finished concrete members will have true
surfaces free of waviness or bulges, conforming accurately to the indicated
shapes, dimensions, lines, elevations and positions. Form surfaces that
will be in contact with concrete shall be thoroughly cleaned before each
use.

B. Design

Studs shall be placed to prevent deflection of form material. Forms and joints
shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of grout and cement paste
during placing of concrete. Joints in forms shall be arranged vertically or
horizontally to conform to the pattern of design. Insofar as practicable,
juncture of formwork panels shall occur at architectural lines, vertical
control joints, including alignment with masonry control joints, without
impact, shock or damage to concrete.

C. Materials

Forms shall be of wood, metal, structural hardboard or other suitable material that
will produce the required surface finish.

1. Concrete surfaces to be exposed or painted:

Form surfaces that will be in contact with concrete shall be of material
that is non-reactive with concrete, and that will produce concrete
surfaces equivalent in smoothness and appearance to that produced
by new 4 x 8 foot plywood panels conforming to U.S. Product
Standards PS 1, exterior type, Grade B-B, concrete form.

50274#2 - Concrete 13
 2. Concrete surfaces to be unexposed: Form surfaces that will be in
contact with concrete shall be of No. 2 common on better lumber,
or other material producing equivalent finish.

3. Retained-in-place metal forms: Where indicated for slabs, shall be

factory fabricated steel sheets having corrugations or equivalent
forming and shall be designed in conformance with the American
Iron and Steel Institute’s Light Gage Cold-Formed Steel Design
Manual. Deflection under load of wet concrete and placement
procedures shall not exceed 1/240 of clear span.

D. Chamfer Strips

Chamfer strips not less than ¾ inch in size shall be used at external corners of
columns, girders, beams and their juncture with masonry, foundation walls
projecting beyond overlaying masonry, and other external corners that will
be exposed.

E. Coating of Forms

Forms for exposed or painted surfaces shall be coated with form oil or form-
release agent before reinforcement is placed. Form oil shall be a
commercial formulation of satisfactory and proven performance that will
not bond with, stain, or adversely affect concrete surfaces, and will not
impair subsequent treatment of concrete surfaces depending upon bond or
adhesion, nor impede the wetting of surfaces to be cured with water or
curing compounds. Forms for unexposed surfaces, other than retained-in-
place metal forms for unexposed surfaces, may be wet with water in lieu
of oiling, immediately before placing the concrete, except that in cold
weather with probable freezing temperatures oiling shall be mandatory.
Surplus oil on reinforcing steel and construction joints shall be removed
before concrete is placed.

F. Form Ties

Form ties shall be factory-fabricated, removable or snap-off metal ties of design

that will not allow form deflection and will not spall concrete upon
removal. Ties shall be free of devices that will leave a hole larger than 7/8
inch in diameter. Ties shall be hot-dip galvanized where they occur
within 1½ inches of exposed-to-view surfaces.

G. Removal of Forms

50274#2 - Concrete 14
 Forms shall be removed in a manner to insure complete safety of the structure
after the following conditions have been met. Where the structure as a
whole is supported on shores, forms for beam and girder sides, columns,
and similar vertical structural members may be removed after 24 hours,
provided the concrete is sufficiently hard not to be injured thereby.
Supporting forms or shoring shall not be removed until structural
members have acquired sufficient strength to support safely their own
weight and any construction and/or storage load to which they may be
subjected, but in no case shall they be removed in less than 7 days, nor
shall forms used for curing be removed before expiration of curing period.

X. REINFORCEMENT

A. General

Reinforcement shall be fabricated to shapes and dimensions shown and shall be

placed where indicated. Reinforcement shall be free of loose or flaky rust
and mill scale, or coating, including ice, and any other substance that
would reduce or destroy the bond. Reinforcing steel reduced in section
shall not be used. After any substantial delay in the work, previously
placed reinforced steel left for future bonding shall be inspected and
cleaned. Reinforcing steel shall not be bent or straightened in a manner
injurious to the steel or concrete. Bars with kinks or bends not shown on
drawings shall not be placed. The use of heat to bend or straighten
reinforcing steel will be permitted only if the entire operation is approved.
Bars may be moved as necessary to avoid interference with other
reinforcing steel, conduits, or embedded items. If bars are moved more
than one bar diameter, the resulting arrangement of bars including
additional bars necessary to meet structural requirements shall be
approved before concrete is placed. In slabs, beams and girders,
reinforcing steel shall not be spliced at points of maximum stress unless
otherwise indicated. Laps or splices shall be made in conformance with
ACI Standard 318. Exposed reinforcement bars, inserts, and places
intended for bonding with future extensions shall be protected from
corrosion.
2 print of shop drawings of reinforcing bars is to be submitted to the
owner’s representative for approval before fabrication. After approval,
submit 1 mylar and 1 electronic copy for record.

B. Reinforcement Detailing, Fabricating and Placement

1. Unless otherwise indicated, reinforcement detailing, fabricating

and placement, including concrete protection for steel
reinforcement, shall conform to ACI Standards 318 and 315,
except where longer laps are indicated on the drawings, the
drawings shall govern. Steel in wall and lintel beams unless

50274#2 - Concrete 15
 otherwise indicated, shall be continuous throughout the length of
the various members. Splices shall not occur at critical sections.

2. Shop and field welding shall conform to the requirements of the

following applicable publications of the American Welding
Society, including all revisions and supplements to date.

a. D1.1 - Structural welding code.

b. D12.01 - Welding reinforcing steel, metal inserts and

connections in reinforced concrete.

c. B3.0 - Standard Qualification Procedure

3. Reinforcing shall be placed and held in position by use of bar

supports. No concrete shall be placed until the reinforcement has been
placed and firmly secured by wiring or other methods to prevent
displacement.

4. All ends and side laps in reinforcing mesh shall be 6 inch minimum.
Mesh shall be kept 2 in. clear of the cut-offs installed for edges of
slabs so that the wires do not extend through.

5. For slabs on grade and footings, bars or mesh shall be supported by

concrete blocks, or other method, to maintain reinforcement the
minimum height specified above the underside of slab or footing. For
reinforcement placed over form work, supports shall be approved
metal chairs, spacers or bolsters.

XI. PREPARATION FOR PLACING

Water shall be removed from excavation before placing concrete. Any flow of water
shall be diverted through proper side drains and shall be removed without
washing over freshly deposited concrete. Hardened concrete, debris and foreign
materials shall be removed from interior of forms and from inner surfaces by the
Contractor before placing concrete. Runways shall be provided for wheeled
concrete handling equipment; such equipment shall not be wheeled over
reinforcement nor shall runways be supported on reinforcement.

XII. CONVEYING

Concrete shall be conveyed from the mixer to the place of final deposit by methods
which will prevent the separation or loss of the materials. Equipment chuting,

50274#2 - Concrete 16
 pumping, and pneumatically conveying concrete shall be of such size and design
as to insure a practically continuous flow of concrete at the delivery end and
without separation of materials.

XIII. PLACING CONCRETE

A. General

Concrete shall be handled from mixer to transport vehicle to place of final deposit
in a continuous manner, as rapidly as practicable, and without segregation
or loss of ingredient until the approved unit of operation is completed.
Placing will not be permitted when the sun, heat, wind, or limitations of
facilities furnished by the Contractor prevent proper finishing and curing
of the concrete. Concrete shall be placed in the forms, as nearly as
practicable in the final position, in uniform approximately horizontal
layers not over 12 inches deep. Forms or reinforcement splaced with
concrete shall be cleaned in advance of placing subsequent lifts. Concrete
shall not be allowed to drop freely more than 5 feet in unexposed work nor
more than 3 feet in exposed work; where greater drops are required, a
tremie or other approved means shall be employed. The discharge of the
tremies shall be controlled so that the concrete may be effectively
compacted into horizontal layers not more than 12 inches thick, and the
spacing of the tremies shall be such that segregation does not occur.
Concrete to receive other construction shall be screeded to the proper level
to avoid excessive shimming or grouting.

B. Time Interval Between Mixing and Placing

Unless otherwise approved in writing by the Owner’s representative, concrete

shall be subject to the following requirements. Concrete mixed in
stationary mixers or paving mixers and transported by non-agitating
equipment shall be placed in the forms within 45 minutes from the time
ingredients are charged into the mixing drum. Concrete that is mixed in
truck mixers or truck agitators shall be delivered to the site of the work
and discharge completed in the forms within the time specified in ASTM
specification, C 94, except that when the concrete temperature exceeds
85ºF, the time shall be reduced to 45 minutes. Transit-mixed concrete that
is completely mixed at the site of concrete placement or batched cement
and aggregates transported to mixers shall be placed in the forms within
1½ hours after cement has been added. Concrete shall be placed in the
forms within fifteen (15) minutes after discharge from the mixer at the
jobsite.

C. Granular Fill Under Slabs

50274#2 - Concrete 17
 Where so indicated or noted on the drawings, a layer of crushed stone, gravel or
other approved granular fill shall be placed on the prepared subgrade.
Granular fill shall be graded uniformly from 1½ inches in size to No. 10 to
be placed in a layer approximately 7 inches thick having approximately 82
percent solids, 18 percent voids, and be compacted with a vibratory pad
weighing between 100 and 200 pounds and having a vibration rate of
approximately 2,000 revolutions per minutes. Granular fill shall be
compacted to a final thickness of 6 inches having approximately 95
percent solids.

D. Earth-Foundation Placement

Concrete footings shall be placed upon undisturbed surfaces prepared in

accordance with the applicable Excavation Specification. If the earth
becomes disturbed where new foundations are to be placed because of
demolition of existing foundations, the earth must be thoroughly
compacted or lean concrete placed to the proper elevation before the new
foundation is placed. The surfaces shall be clean, free from frost, ice, mud
and water. Unless otherwise approved by the Owner’s representative, a
vapor barrier as specified shall be laid over dry or pervious surfaces that
are thoroughly moistened but not muddy at the time the concrete is placed.

E. Placing Concrete Through Reinforcement

Where congestion of the steel or other conditions will make placing or

compaction of concrete difficult, a layer of mortar shall be first deposited
in the forms to the depth of approximately one inch. Mortar shall consist
of equal parts of Portland cement and fine aggregate by weight and not
more than six gallons of water per sack of cement.

XIV. COMPACTION

Immediately after placing, each layer of structural concrete shall be compacted by

internal concrete vibrators supplemented by hand-spading, rodding and tamping.
Air entrained concrete shall not be vibrated for over 12 seconds. Tapping or other
external vibrations of forms will not be permitted. Vibrators shall not be used to
transport concrete inside forms. Internal vibrators submerged in concrete shall at
all times be adequate in number of units and power to properly consolidate all
concrete. Spare units shall be on hand as necessary to insure such adequacy.
Duration of vibration shall be limited to time necessary to produce satisfactory
consolidation without causing objectionable segregation. The vibrator shall not
be inserted into lower course that have begun to set. Vibrators shall be applied at
uniformly spaced points not farther apart than the visible effectiveness of the
machine.

50274#2 - Concrete 18
XV. JOINTS

A. Expansion Joints

Unless otherwise indicated, joints between concrete slabs on grade and between
concrete slabs on grade that abut against vertical surfaces shall have
premolded expansion joint filler strips, as specified, installed the full depth
of the slab, except that where joint sealer is indicated, the strip shall be
installed at the proper level below the finished floor with a slightly
tapered, dressed-and-oiled wood strip temporarily secured to the top
thereof to form a groove not less than ¾ inch deep. Edges of joints shall
be finished slightly rounded or cleaned and filled with sealer as applicable.

B. Construction Joints Other Than Slabs on Grade

Unless indicated or specified otherwise, construction joints shall be made and

located so as to least impair the strength of the structure and shall be
subject to approval of the Owner’s representative. Beams, girders,
brackets, column capital and haunches shall be placed monolithically
therewith, unless otherwise specifically indicated on drawings. In general,
joints shall conform to the following:

1. The surface of the concrete shall be roughened, thoroughly cleaned

and shall be thoroughly wetted and slushed with a coat of neat
cement grout immediately before placing of new concrete.

2. Construction joints in floors shall be located near the middle of the

spans of slabs, beams or girders unless a beam intersects a girder at
this point; in which case, the joints in the girders shall be offset a
distance equal to twice the width of the beam. In this latter case,
provisions shall be made for shear by use of inclined reinforcing
steel.

C. Contraction of Crack-Control Joints in Slabs on Grade

Concrete shall be placed continuously so that each unit of operation will be

monolithic in construction, and shall be compacted, screeded to grade and
prepared for the indicated or specified finish. Diamond-shaped insolation
joints shall be provided in slabs on grade at columns for full slab depth
and shall be constructed so that corners of isolation joints will meet at
crack-control joints. Joints may be formed by the insertion of hard-
pressed fiberboard strips inserted into the plastic concrete or may be cut
with an approved concrete-sawing machine within 12 hours after
placement of concrete. The joints shall be 1/8 inch wide and
approximately 1/4 of slab thickness unless otherwise indicated or directed.

50274#2 - Concrete 19
XVI. SURFACE FINISHING OTHER THAN FLOOR OR ROOF SLABS

All exposed surfaces of concrete walls, foundations, etc. shall be finished within 12 hours
after forms are removed, and surface defects shall be remedied. Fins and loose
material shall be removed. Honeycomb, aggregate pockets, voids over ¼ inch in
diameter, and holes left by the rods and bolts shall be cut out to solid concrete,
thoroughly wetted, brush coated and neat cement grout, and filled with mortar.

XVII. CONCRETE FLOOR AND ROOF SLAB FINISHES

A. Monolithic Finish

Except where otherwise indicated, the concrete for floor and roof slabs shall be
screeded and floated with straightedge to bring the surface to the required
finish level with no course aggregate visible. The concrete, while still
green but sufficiently hardened to bear a man’s weight without deep
imprint, shall be wood-floated to a true, even plane with no coarse
aggregate visible. Sufficient pressure shall be used on the wood-floats to
bring moisture to the surface. After the surface moisture has disappeared,
surfaces shall be steel-troweled to a smooth, even, dense finish, free from
trowel marks.

B. Rough Slab Finish

Slabs to receive fill and mortar setting beds shall be screeded with straightedges
to bring the surface to the required finish plane with no coarse aggregate
visible.

C. Wood Float Finish

Surfaces of interior of exterior foundations or slabs receiving equipment or

machinery and ramps, unless otherwise indicated, shall be screeded with
straightedges to bring the surface to the required finish plane with no
coarse aggregate showing. After surface moisture has disappeared, the
surface shall be finished to an even textured surface with a wood float.

D. Troweled Finish

Troweled finish shall be used for surfaces to receive resilient flooring, ceramic
tile or carpeting. Slabs requiring troweled finish shall first be float
finished as prescribed herein below. After the surface moisture has
disappeared, surface shall be steel troweled to a smooth, even, impervious
finish, free from trowel marks. Slab surfaces shall receive a minimum of
4 trowelings. The final troweling shall be for the purpose of burnishing,
and as it progresses, there shall be evidence of shine or gloss to the
surface, developed by this troweling operation. The final troweling shall

50274#2 - Concrete 20
 be performed sufficiently late so that there shall be no evidence of cement
paste or fat adhering to the edge of the blades. Hand troweling shall be
used in areas inaccessible to the finishing machine.

Final hand-troweling and burnishing will not be required for floors to receive
resilient flooring and nonslip finish.

E. Non-Slip Finish

Non-slip finish shall be given to the exterior building entrances and unless
otherwise indicated, non-slip finish shall be broom finished.

Broom Finish: The concrete shall be screeded and floated to the required finish
level with no coarse aggregate visible. After the surface moisture has
disappeared and laitance has been removed, surfaces shall be steel-
troweled to an even, smooth finish. The troweled surfaces shall then be
broomed with a fiber-bristle brush in a direction transverse to that of the
main traffic.

XVIII. EMBEDDED ITEMS

All embedded and anchorage items including anchor bolts, dowels, sleeves, slots, inserts,
ties, hangers, etc. shall be installed in sufficient number and size as indicated or
required to insure anchorage or use sufficient for the purpose intended. All
anchor bolt threads shall be protected with a coat of grease before placing
concrete, after which they shall be cleaned, regreased and wrapped in burlap.
Notch out for all slots, chases, recesses or openings indicated on the drawings or
as required.

XIX. CURING

A. General

Immediately after placing or finishing, concrete surfaces not covered by forms

shall be protected against moisture loss for not less than 7 days after
placing. Curing shall be accomplished by one of the following methods or
combination thereof, as approved.

B. Moist Curing

Unformed surfaces shall be covered with burlap, cotton, or other approved fabric
mats kept in intimate contact with the surface, or with sand, and shall be
kept continually wet. If the forms are removed before the end of the
curing period, curing shall be continued as on unformed surfaces, using
suitable materials.

50274#2 - Concrete 21
 C. Waterproof-Paper Curing

Surfaces shall be covered with waterproof paper lapped 4 inches at edges and
ends, and sealed with mastic or pressure-sensitive tape not less than 1½
inches wide. Paper shall be weighted to prevent displacement, and tears
or holes shall be patched.

D. Membrane-Forming Curing Compound and Liquid Hardeners

When permitted or indicated, membrane-forming curing compound or

combination curing and liquid hardener compound when indicated, shall
be applied in a two-coat continuous operation using not less than one
gallon for 200 square feet of surface for each coat, or as otherwise
recommended by the manufacturer. Membrane-forming compound and
floor hardeners shall not be used on surfaces that are to receive a concrete
topping, resilient tile, paint or coating, or any subsequent treatment that
depends upon adhesion or bonding to the concrete. Liquid compound for
curing concrete shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C 309.

XX. EQUIPMENT FOUNDATIONS AND GROUTING OF BASE AND BEARING

PLATES

A. Leveling Plates to be Set True and Level in Non-Shrink Grout

Non-Shrink grout shall be a commercial formulation of materials and mix, as

approved, and shall have a minimum compressive strength of not less than
8,000 psi at 28 days.

XXI. SAMPLES AND TESTING

A. Sampling

Test cylinders shall be made and cured in accordance with ASTM C 31. Slump
shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C 143, and performed in
the field by the Contractor, who will provide materials and labor required
to take all test samples. All samples are to be noted as to the structure
location they represent.

B. Slump Tests

50274#2 - Concrete 22
 A minimum of one test shall be made for each class of concrete used in a day, or
if more than 50 cubic yards is placed in a day, one test shall be made for
each 50 yards plus any fraction. Additional tests shall be made when
visual inspection indicates that the consistency of the concrete being
placed may exceed the limit for slump as specified. Excess slump will be
cause for rejection of concrete.

C. Air Content Testing

For air entrained concrete, the air content shall be determined in accordance with
ASTM C138. At least one test for air content shall be made for each 50
cubic yards or fraction thereof of each class of concrete. Tests shall be
performed by the Contractor under the supervision of the owner’s
representative.

D. Testing

1. Cylinders shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C 39. Where

there is any question as to the quality of the concrete because of
strength of test specimens falling below specified values for 28
days strength, the Owner’s representative may order removal of
the
concrete in question, at the contractor’s expense, or may approve
alternate strength tests at the Contractor’s expense. These may be
either compression tests made with specimens secured from the
structure in accordance with ASTM C 42, or actual load tests of
the structure made in accordance with ACI 318. The Owner’s
representative may also approve additional controlled curing of the
concrete in question, not to exceed 21 days, before making either
of the alternate tests. The basis for acceptance or rejections of the
concrete in question as determined by these alternate tests shall be
agreed upon by CertainTeed’s Construction Manager and the
Contractor before make the tests. All additional tests shall be at
the expense of the Contractor.

XXII. PAINTING

If requested on the drawings or in the scope of work, concrete surfaces shall be

painted according to the following specifications:

A. Concrete & Masonry (precast, poured in place, dense CMU)

1. Exterior

Surface Preparation: Clean and Dry

50274#2 - Concrete 23
 Prime Coat: Tnemec Series 156, Modified Waterborne
Acrylate @ 4.0 – 8.0 mils DFT

Finish Coat: Tnemec Series 156, Modified Waterborne

Acrylate @ 4.0 – 8.0 mils DFT

2. Below Grade

Surface Preparation: Clean and Dry

Prime & Finish Coat: Tnemec Series 46H-413, Polyamide Epoxy

Coal Tar

3. Immersion

Surface Preparation: Brush Off Abrasive Blast, Clean and Dry

Prime Coat: Tnemec Series 161, Polyamide Epoxy @

4.0 – 6.0 mils DFT

Finish Coat: Tnemec Series 69, Polyamdoamine Epoxy

@ 6.0 – 8.0 mils DFT

4. Interior Exposed

Surface Preparation: Clean and Dry

Prime Coat: Tnemec Series 161, Polyamide Epoxy @

4.0 – 6.0 mils DFT

Finish Coat: Tnemec Series 69, Polyamidoamine Epoxy

@ 6.0 – 8.0 mils DFT

B. Concrete Floors

Surface Preparation: Brush off Blast or Acid Etch

Prime Coat: Tnemec Series 201, Polyamine Epoxy @

6.0 – 8.0 mils DFT

Second Coat: Tnemec Series 280, Polyamine Epoxy @

6.0 – 8.0 mils DFT

50274#2 - Concrete 24
 Finish Coat: Tnemec Series 71, Aliphatic Polyester
Polyurethane @ 1.0 – 2.0 mils DFT

C. Concrete & Masonry (pourous CMU & Concrete)

1. Interior

Surface Preparation: Clean and Dry

Prime Coat: Tnemec Series 130-6602, Waterborne

Cementitious Acrylic @ 60-80 sq. ft./gal.

Second Coat: Tnemec Series 161, Polymide Epoxy @ 4.0

6.0 mils DFT

Finish Coat: Tnemec Series 69, Polyamidoamine Epoxy

@ 4.0 – 6.0 mils DFT

2. Exterior

Surface Preparation: Clean and Dry

Prime Coat: Tnemec Series 156, Modified Waterborne

Acrylate @ 4.0 – 8.0 mils DFT.

Finish Coat: Tnemec Series 156, Modified Waterborne

Acrylate @ 4.0 – 8.0 mils DFT

50274#2 - Concrete 25