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THE RAVENS
PROGRESSIVE MATRICES
Background

Designed by John C. Raven in 1936

The Ravens Progressive Matrices is a non-verbal psychometric assessment. It
comes in
three formats:




The Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM)
The Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM)
The Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM).
It was intended to be a culture fair test of general ability, it has been found
that
education influences performance to a small degree (Lezak et al., 2004)
What the Raven’s measures

The Raven’s is a test of observation skills and clear-thinking ability. It
offers
insight into someone’s capacity to observe, solve problems, and learn.

The Raven’s is constructed to measure eductive ability – this is a component
of
g (general intelligence) as measured by Spearman’s theory of cognitive
ability.

Furthermore, eductive ability refers to an individual’s ability to make sense
of
complex data, the ability to perceive new patterns & relationships.
The Three Formats

Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM): This the original form of the matrices. The
booklet comprises
five sets (A to E) of 12 items each. All items are presented in black ink on a
white background.

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Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM): Designed for children aged 5 through 11

years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired individuals. This test contains
sets A and B from the
standard matrices, with a further set of 12 items inserted between the two, as
set Ab. Most items
are presented on a coloured background to make the test visually stimulating for
participants.
However the very last few items in set B are presented as black on white; in
this way, if a subject
exceeds the tester's expectations, transition to sets C, D, and E of the
standard matrices is eased.

Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM): The advanced form of the matrices contains
48 items,
presented as one set of 12 (set I), and another of 36 (set II). Items are again
presented in black ink
on a white background, and each set becomes increasingly difficult. The APM is
used for adults
and adolescents of above-average intelligence.
Application/Use


Raven’s Progressive Matrices have a wide variety of applications including:


In educational settings the Matrices have a long history of application and use.

Scores are relatively unaffected by linguistic and ethnic background and can be
used
as a good predictor of success in an educational context for both children and
adults.


In clinical settings the reliability of the measures and lack of bias makes them
ideal
tools in neuropsychological assessment, working with elderly people and many
clinical groups whose particular needs make the demands of more traditional
cognitive testing unrealistic.

Suitable in cross-cultural contexts & for use with individuals who have physical
disabilities.


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Useful for considering an individual’s reasoning skills – mistakes can be
interesting
clinical data.
Norms


There are South African norms for the Raven’s SPM for working adults (ages
18 to 57 years only).


There are children’s norms for the Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM).
This is only however, for children between the ages of 6 to 12 years 8
months.

There are also norms for the Advanced Progressive Matrices for adults
between 21 to 61 years.
Administration

Paper and Pencil. There is also a computer based version of the RPM.

Individual or group administration can be done.


Untimed but generally takes between 40 -60 minutes.

Can be administered to individuals who do not speak English or who are hearing
impaired.
In this instance, it should be administered individually or a small group with a
maximum of 5.


You need to consult the manual carefully before administering the test.
Test Format

The test taker is required to conceptualise spatial design & numerical
relationships
ranging from simple/obvious to complex and abstract.

It requires form pattern completion to reasoning by analogy at levels from very
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simple
to very complex.


These analogical abilities call on left hemisphere functions mainly.


Each set becomes progressively more difficult.
Individuals complete their
answers on this standard
answer sheet. They are
required to place a line
across their choice of
answer.
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices
The test taker
places a line
through the
answer they
think is
correct.
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices
This is a copy of the score key
used to total the correct
number of answers for the
Raven’s SPM. It is attached to
the answer sheet which has
carbon paper backed to it.
Therefore the individual’s
answers are duplicated onto
the score sheet. You only
count up the lines that
appear over the correct
number.

Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices

How to calculate the score
For the purposes of this
example, only a clip of part of
the score key is provided- as
you can see only Sets C- E
appear on the slide.
When scoring you will need to
count up only the lines that
appear over the correct answer.
One mark is given for each
correct answer.

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Total the number of
correct responses
for each Set (Sets
A-E). You need to
write the total for
each set in the
appropriate space
provided.
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices
This is the norm
table used to
determine the
percentile rank
in the example
above
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices
This is the percentile
that corresponds
with the score
obtained by the
individual.
To find the percentile
you need to check the
individual’s score
against their age
group.

The total score

of the
individual.

Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices

Scores are classified according to a ‘Grade’

GRADE I: INTELLECTUALLY SUPERIOR – SCORED AT OR ABOVE THE 95TH PERCENTILE.

GRADE II: ABOVE AVERAGE – IF SCORE LIES AT THE 75 TH PERCENTILE OR ABOVE. IF AT
BETWEEN THE 90TH & 94TH
PERCENTILE THEN IT CAN BE DESIGNATED II+.


GRADE III: INTELLECTUALLY AVERAGE – IF SCORED IS BETWEEN THE 25TH AND 75TH
PERCENTILE. IT MAY BE DESIGNATED
III+ IF ABOVE THE 50TH PERCENTILE AND III- IF IT IS BELOW.

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GRADE IV: BELOW AVERAGE: IF SCORE LIES AT OR BELOW THE 25TH PERCENTILE. IT MAY
BE DESIGNATED IV- IF IT LIES AT
OR BELOW THE 10TH PERCENTILE.


GRADE V: INTELLECTUALLY IMPAIRED. IF A SCORE LIES AT OR BELOW THE 5TH PERCENTILE
FOR THAT AGE GROUP.


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