GSM Radio Network Features Slide

GPRS/EGPRS
Introduction

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Circuit-switched communication compared to packet-

switched communication
Circuit Switching Packet Switching

Info
BB BB
AA AA

BB
AA
Info

BB
AA

BB
AA

Info

BB Info BB
AA AA

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GPRS Logical Architecture

ISDN/
Um BTS PSTN

A
GMSC
BSS Abis
MSC/VLR EIR
Gf
TE MT BSC Gs
AUC
MS
Gb Gr
Traffic and signaling SGSN HLR
Signaling
Gn External
TE Terminal Equipment
IP Network
MT Mobile Terminal (Internet)
MS Mobile Station IP-Backbone GGSN
BSS Base Station System
BTS Base Transceiver Station Network External
BSC Base Station Controller
GMSC Gateway Mobile Services Switching Gi IP Network
Center (Corporate
MSC Mobile SwitchingCenter Gp
VLR Visitor Location Register LAN)
HLR Home Location Register
AUC AuthenticationCenter Other External
EIR Equipment Identity Register
PLMN X.25 Network
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
Um Air Interface
A, Abis Interfaces (GSM)
Gx Interfaces (GPRS)

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GPRS/EGPRS affected nodes

• New hardware in the BSC (PCU)

• New software in the BTS for CS-1 to CS-2
• New hardware in the BTS for CS-1 to CS-4 and EGPRS

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GPRS Protocols

Application
IP / X.25 IP / X.25
Relay
SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP

LLC LLC UDP / UDP /

Relay TCP TCP
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP
IP IP
MAC MAC Network Network L2 L2
Service Service
GSM RF GSM RF L1bis L1bis L1 L1
Um Gb Gn Gi
MS BSS SGSN GGSN

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GPRS Logical Channels

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GPRS – Radio terminology (I)

• PDCH: Packet Data Channel, there are on-demand and
dedicated PDCH:s

• PSET: Up to 8 PDCH (dedicated or on-demand)

• TBF: Temporary Block Flow (DL and/or UL) - A

transmission of packets to or from an MS. Each
TBF is identified by the NW by a TFI, Temporary
Flow Identity

• Radio Block: One RLC/MAC block is send on four consecutive

bursts

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GPRS – Radio terminology (II)

• MPDCH: The PDCH carrying the PBCCH

• MM: Mobility Management, MS state seen by the SGSN.

The SGSN knows the location of MS when in
stand-by or ready state

• GPRSNWMODE: The network works in different modes depending

on the presence of dedicated PDCH:s and Gs-
interface

• PCU: Packet Control Unit, responsible to PS Radio

Resource management in the BSC

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GPRS Radio terminology (III)

• MS Classes
– Class A: PS and CS connections at the same time
– Class B: PS or CS connections but attached to both services
– Class C: Attached to one service at the time
• GPRS Network Modes
– 0: No MPDCH with Gs interface
– 1: An MPDCH allocated if dedicated PDCH:s in the cell with Gs int.
– 2: No MPDCH and no Gs interface
– 3: An MPDCH allocated if dedicated PDCH:s in the cell, no Gs int.
• GPGS Mobility Management States (seen by SGSN)
– Idle: not GPRS attached
– Stand-by: GPRS attached and sends RA updates at change of RA
– Ready: Ongoing or recently ended packet transfer. Cell update at
cell change
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GPRS Radio terminology (IV)

• Radio resource MS states (seen by BSC)

– Packet Idle Mode: no packet transfer
– Packet Transfer Mode: ongoing packet transfer. Radio resources
assigned
• GPRS Multislot Classes
– 29 available multislot classes. Each GPRS multislot class give
information about how many time slots can be assigned in UL and
DL and how they can be assigned.

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Radio Block Structure

• Each RLC-block is interleaved over 4 bursts/frames
• Each Radio Block takes 20 ms to transmit
• 456 bits in one GMSK-RLC block
• 1392 gross bits in one 8PSK-RLC block (3 bits per
symbol)

Header
Coding Radio
+ → Block
Data bits

M bits in 456-M bits of coding 456 bits in each radio

block
RLC/MAC block

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Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) - What is new?

• A new coding and modulation technique

• Enhanced quality measurements
• Link Quality Control
• Channel administration for EGPRS
• Extended RLC window size
• New information during signaling
• SARA

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Modulation principle of EDGE

GMSK EDGE
Q 8-PSK modulation
(0,1,0) Q
“di=di-1” (0,0,0) (0,1,1)
I
“di ≠ di-1”
I
(0,0,1) (1,1,1)

(1,0,1) (1,1,0)

(1,0,0)
“one bit per symbol”
(plus 90 deg. if the bit is the same as
before, else minus 90 deg.)
“three bits per symbol”

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Coding Schemes with GMSK and EDGE (8-PSK)

Theoretical bit rates!
Heavily depends on C/I

Modulation & Data Rate per

Coding Scheme TS (kbps)

Coding Data Rate per MCS-1 8,8

Scheme TS (kbps)
MCS-2 11,2
GMSK
CS-1 8 MCS-3 14,8 UL
UL
CS-2 12 MCS-4 17,6
MCS-5 22,4 DL
CS-3 14,4 MCS-6 29,6
DL
CS-4 20 8-PSK MCS-7 44,8
(EDGE)
(GPRS Link Adaptation) MCS-8 54,4
MCS-9 59,2

(Link Quality Control)

All Data Rates are given at RLC/MAC layer!

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Coding throughput CS-1 to CS-4, TU 50, ideal FH

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Incremental Redundancy and Link Adaptation

60
MCS−9

LA curve MCS−8

50

IR curve MCS−7

8PSK
40
Throughput [kb/s per TS]

30
MCS−6

MCS−5
20
MCS−4
MCS−3

10 MCS−2
MCS−1
GMSK

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
C/I [dB]

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52 Multi-frame Structure

RLC/MAC blocks

Radio blocks

continuous timing advance idle bursts

(PTCCH)

52 TDMA frames

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PSET
• A PSET can consist of up to 8 time slots
• The PSET can be a mix of dedicated and on-demand PDCH:s
• Only PDCH in the same PSET can be used for the same PS connection

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