General Engineering Manual: Training Document

TRAINING DOCUMENT
GENERAL
ENGINEERING
MANUAL
LAYNE BOWLER PUMP CO.

LAYNE BOWLER PUMP CO. Section Date 08.02.2011
GENERAL ENGINEERING MANUAL xxx-Sx Rev. 0
VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP TYPES
Open Lineshaft
Deep well
Enclosed Lineshaft
Open Lineshaft
Above floor discharge
Enclosed Lineshaft
Lineshaft Short setting
Open Lineshaft
Below floor discharge
Enclosed Lineshaft
In-line nozzles
Vertical Turbine
Pumps
Barrel or can
Suction nozzle in barrel
Well
Open pit mounting

Submersible
Short setting Barrel mounting
Horizontal in-line mounting

DEEPWELL LINESHAFT VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP SELECTION
VERTI-LINE vertical turbine pumps are engineered in three basic assemblies. Each has to be combined to perform its particular
function and to operate with together. To do this properly, each must be understood by the engineer and selected in the sequence
below.
A – BOWL ASSEMBLY
This is the pumping element and consists of a vertical rotating shaft on which is mounted one or more impellers called rotor part.
The impellers are rotated in enclosed housings or bowls called stator part and water flows into the bottom of the bowl, it is engaged
by the rotating vanes of the impeller and forced into guide vanes in the bowl, changing the flow direction to direct the other
impellers. It is a special series pump application for deep and narrow wells. Head is increased by the number of stages (including
impeller and bowl) linearly. Quantity and pressure developed are dependent on the diameter and rotational speed of the impeller.
In general increased diameter, capacity increases. For the same diameter, while the rotational speed increases, the head and
capacity also increases for the same pump. The total pressure of a multi-stage pump is the sum of the pressures developed by
individual stages.
B – COLUMN ASSEMBLY
This assembly consists of the column pipe which suspends the bowl assembly from the discharge head assembly and directs the
water from the bowl assembly to the discharge elbow. Contained within the column is the lineshaft which transmits power from the
driver to the pump shaft. The lineshaft is supported throughout its length by means of bearings which are placed according to the
speed of the pump. Shafts may be in an enclosed in a tube. This type is generally lubricated with oil. Also, the shaft may be open and
lubricated with the fluid being pumped. The length of this assembly must be sufficient to provide submergence of the pump bowl
assembly when pumping at the designated capacity.
The pump column should be of sufficient diameter to conduct the desired quantity of water through its entire length without
excessive friction loss. The line shaft diameter is determined by the power to be transmitted to the pump shaft and also by the
rotational speed, length of the column and shaft assembly, and total pump head (TPH).
C – DISCHARGE HEAD ASSEMBLY
The discharge head assembly consists of the base on which the driver is mounted and the discharge elbow which directs the flow
into the piping system. The column shaft assembly, and bowl assembly are suspended from the discharge head assembly.
In the case of underground discharge, the discharge elbow is separated from the head assembly and installed in the column pipe at
the desired distance below the head assembly.
The driver is the mechanism mounted on the discharge head which gives power to the head shaft. It contains means for impeller
adjustment and provides a bearing to carry the thrust load. It may or may not be a prime mover.
The driver may be a vertical solid shaft electric motor, vertical hollow shaft electric motor, vertical hollow shaft right angle gear
drive, vertical hollow shaft belted head with either flat belt or V-belt pulley, or vertical steam turbine.
The thrust assembly is a mechanism having a thrust bearing capable of carrying the pump thrust, and a means of impeller
adjustment. Some drivers have thrust capacity in itself. In many applications, thrust assembly is an extra part. The pump line shaft is
connected to the driver shaft by a flexible coupling. The top of this drive is designed to mount solid shaft prime movers including
electric motors, steam turbines, radial engines or any other type of prime mover having a solid shaft that is suitable for mounting in
a vertical position.
Selection of the driver is governed by power requirements; availability of electric power and current characteristics; economic and
other considerations.
WELL PUMP SELECTION EXAMPLE
Proper selection of a deep well turbine pump requires complete and accurate information about the conditions of service for which
the pump is intended. This is important for to select the right pump to meet the desired working conditions and also for the life
cycle cost. Data to be furnished should include pump capacity, internal diameter of the well casing, depth of well, static water level,
dynamic water level at designated capacity (determined by well test), static head, friction losses through discharge line, velocity
head and total pumping head. If water analysis or other observations indicate corrosive water, then all available information on this
subject should be noted to aid in determining whether special materials are to be considered. An example of well pump selection is
given below, and for this purpose we will use the following conditions, which constitute a typical application with no complex
problems. Whether oil or water lubrication is furnished is a matter of customer preference, type of service and other considerations.
A – WELL DESCRIPTION & OPERATING CONDITIONS
1. I.D. of well casing 13 ½ inches

2. Well depth 100 m
3. Static water level 30 m
4. Drawdown (at 60 l/s) 20 m
5. Dynamic water level (pumping water level) 50 m
6. Geometric head (lift above well head) 50 m
7. Discharge Line Losses (after discharge head) 2.5 m
8. Velocity Head 0.5 m
9. Total pump head (TPH) (sum of items 5, 6, 7 and 8) 103 m
10. Pump capacity 60 l/s
11. Quality of water Sand-free, non-corrosive, 20°C, Sp. Gr. 1.0
12. Current available 380 Volt, 3 phase, 50 Hz
B – BOWL ASSEMBLY SELECTION
According to well conditions and desired performance values with the power supply types and limitations, different selections can
be done. This selection is based on low investment cost (high speed low stage small pump), low life cycle cost (high efficiency, low
speed pump), low NPSHR, standard motor speed or different speeds with gear heads etc.
Refer to pump performance curves which show laboratory performance at various induction motor speeds. Unless otherwise stated
on curve sheets the values are per-stage performance. Keep in mind that the O.D. of the bowls must be less than the I.D. of well
casing into which the bowls must fit.
Performance curves are plotted from data obtained in our hydraulic test laboratory. Head-Capacity curves are the bowl
performance curves showing the relationship of amount of water pumped to corresponding bowl head. The curves are marked A, C
and the box above shows the corresponding impeller diameters. Select one or more curves at 2980 rpm showing the desired
capacity at the maximum efficiency, or slightly less, and then determine which shows the greatest head at this capacity. We find
three bowl units to consider:
Bowl Unit Head/Stage Bowl. Eff.

10RL 32.5 m 79.7 %
10RM 35.0 m 80.0 %
10RH 38.5 m 77.8 %
The 10RM impeller is obviously the best selection because of high efficiency and high head per stage. The total pumping head
required is 103 m, and the head per stage is 35.0 m, thus:
103
 2.9 stages
35.0
Obviously it should be a 3 stage bowl assembly. The 10RM 3 stages bowl assembly will deliver 60 l/s at 105 m which is slightly in
excess of the head required. This is acceptable since we did not consider any head losses in the system. From the power curve,
approximate bowl power required by 10RM 3 stages bowl assembly is 78 kW.
C – COLUMN SELECTION
The pump bowls must be submerged at all times; therefore, the column length must be minimum equal to the dynamic water level.
To provide protection against decrease water level and for applications where pump will sometimes operate at lower head and
higher capacity than design point (resulting in lower dynamic water level) pump setting should be from 3 to 6 m lower than normal
dynamic water level. The column length is commonly referred to as setting. In this case the required setting is taken as 55 m.
Following factors are established: Size and number of stages of bowl assembly; approximate bowl power required; depth of setting
and TPH.
Shaft selection table gives the maximum power that can be transmitted by a shaft at a given thrust load. Downthrust is the total
thrust load expressed in kilograms carried by the thrust bearing in the motor, gear drive or thrust assembly. It is the sum of the
weight of the rotating elements and the hydraulic downthrust of the impeller. Hydraulic thrust factors of the impellers are read
from performance curves. In this example, we calculate the hydraulic downthrust as:
HT  105  12.41  1300 kg hydraulic downthrust
Hence, 1 3/16” AISI 420 shaft is selected regarding these data and the shaft friction loss is calculated as:
55
kWL  2.8  2   3.1 kW
100
From the same table, oil tube size for 1 3/16” shaft is found to be 2”. From the column friction loss table, we select 8” column pipes
and calculate the column friction loss as:
55
hC  3.18   1.75 m
100
Discharge head loss (hDH) is read from discharge head loss graph as 0.14 m for 8” nominal elbow size. Total Bowl Head (TBH) is
calculated as:
TBH  TPH  hC  hDH  103  1.75  0.14  104.89  105 m
This head fall exactly on 10RM 3 stages bowl assembly curve so no impeller trim is required. Pump power is now calculated as:
Q  l / s   TBH  m  60  105
kWP   kWL   3.1  80.2 kW
1.02   B 1.02  80.0
D – MOTOR & DISCHARGE HEAD SELECTION
NEMA designs A, B, C and F poly-phase squirrel cage induction type integral power motors, 3 HP, 3 phase 50 Hz and larger, have a
service factor of 1.15. It is permissible to operate these motors at rated voltage and frequency in an ambient temperature not
exceeding 40°C, at continuous load of 115% of rated load, with possible slight differences in efficiencies and power factor than those
rated at full load. We do not generally recommend exceeding the rated motor power by more than 10%.
In this example, we select a 90 kW, 3000 rpm (full load speed of 2980 rpm), 220/440 volt, 3 phase, 50 Hz vertical hollow shaft motor
(VHS) with 2000 kg thrust capability which is sufficient for this application.
Proper discharge head for this pump and motor is 17AC8 with 1 ½” head shaft.
SUMMARY OF CALCULATIONS
Specified Conditions @ 2980 RPM

1 Capacity 60 l/s
2 Static Water Level 30 m
3 Drawdown 20 m
4 Dynamic Water Level (sum of 2 and 3) 50 m
5 Geometric Head 50 m
6 Discharge Line Losses 2.5 m
7 Velocity Head 0.5 m
8 Total Pump Head (sum of 4, 5, 6 and 7) 103 m
Calculated Values
9 Column Friction Loss 1.75 m
10 Discharge Head Loss 0.14 m
11 Total Bowl Head (sum of 8, 9 and 10) 105 m
12 Water Power 61.8 kW
13 Bowl Efficiency 80.0 %
14 Bowl Power 77.1 kW
15 Lineshaft Friction Loss 3.1 kW
16 Shaft and Impeller Weight 300 kg
17 Hydraulic Thrust 1300 kg
18 Total Pump Thrust (sum of 15 and 16) 1600 kg
19 Thrust Bearing Loss (neglected) 0 kW
20 Pump Power (sum of 13, 14 and 18) 80.2 kW
21 Pump Efficiency 76.9 %
22 Motor Efficiency 92.5 %
23 Wire Power (input power) 86.7 kW
24 Overall Efficiency (wire to water) 71.1 %
VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP TERMINOLOGY

1. Datum
It is the reference line where altitude is taken as zero. Generally discharge pipe centerline is taken as datum.
2. Ground
It is the place where discharge head assembly sits.
3. Discharge Axis
It is the vertical distance between ground and datum.
4. Static Water Level
It is the vertical distance from ground to the water level in the well while pump is not operating.
5. Dynamic Water Level
It is the vertical distance from ground to the water level in the well while pump is operating at specified capacity.
6. Drawdown
It is the vertical distance between static water level and pumping water level.
7. Geometric Head
It is the vertical distance from the ground to the desired location in the discharge line. It can also be expressed by a discharge
pressure.
8. Velocity Head
It is the head due to the velocity of the fluid at a given pipe section.
9. Discharge Line Losses
It is the head loss occurring in the whole discharge line after the discharge head.
10. Total Pump Head (TPH)
It is the head specified by the customer and equal to pumping water level plus geometric head plus discharge line losses plus
velocity head.
11. Total Bowl Head (TBH)
It is the head that should be delivered by the bowl assembly and equal to TPH plus column friction loss plus discharge head
loss.
12. Water Power
It is the power imparted to the fluid.
13. Bowl Efficiency
It is the ratio of the bowl output based on TBH to bowl power. Generally it is the efficiency read from performance curves.
14. Bowl Power
It is the power required by the bowl assembly giving the TBH at the designated capacity.
15. Lineshaft Friction Loss
It is the power loss due to the friction in lineshaft bearings in the column assembly.
16. Thrust Bearing Loss
It is the power loss in the thrust bearing due to the total pump thrust load.
17. Hydraulic Thrust
It is load expressed in kg due to fluid flow across the impeller and found by multiplying the maximum operating head by the
thrust coefficient given in the performance tables.
18. Total Pump Thrust
It is the total load expressed in kg acting on the thrust bearing and found by adding the weight of the rotating members to
the hydraulic thrust.
19. Pump Power
It is the total power required by the pump assembly and found by adding the lineshaft friction loss and thrust bearing loss to
the bowl power.
20. Pump Efficiency
It is ratio of the water power to the pump power in percentage.
21. Motor Efficiency
It is the efficiency of the driver.
22. Wire Power
It is the power input to the motor.
23. Overall Efficiency
It is the ratio of the water power to the wire power in percentage.

USEFUL FORMULAE
  kg / m3   g  m / s 2   Q  m3 / s   H  m 
PW 
1000
Q l / s   H  m
PW 
102
PW
PB 
B
PP  PB  PLF  PTF
PW
P 
PP
PP 3  V  I  PF
PI  
M 746
PW
O 
PI
where
Q : Capacity
H : Total Bowl Head in m
N : Rotational Speed in rpm
PW : Water Power in kW
PB : Bowl Power in kW
PL : Lineshaft friction losses in kW
PT : Thrust bearing loss in kW
PP : Pump Power in kW
PI : Wire (input) Power in kW
ηB : Bowl Efficiency (read from performance curves)
ηP : Pump Efficiency
ηM : Motor Efficiency
ηO : Overall Efficiency
V : Voltage per leg applied to motor
I : Current per leg applied to motor
PF : Power factor of the motor (CosØ)
UNIT CONVERSION TABLE
Pressure atm bar kPa kgf/cm² mWC psi

atmosphere 1 1.01325 101.325 1.03323 10.33256 14.69594
bar 0.98692 1 100 1.01972 10.19744 14.50377
kilopascal 0.00987 0.01 1 0.01020 0.10197 0.14504
kilogram-force / centimeter square 0.96784 0.98067 98.0665 1 10.00028 14.22334
meter water column 0.09678 0.09806 9.80638 0.10000 1 1.42229
pound-force/inch square 0.06805 0.06895 6.89476 0.07031 0.70309 1
Capacity l/s m³/s m³/h l/min gpm (US) gpm (GB)

liter/second 1 0.001 0.27778 60 15.85032 13.19815
cubic meter/second 1000 1 277.77778 60000 15850 13198
cubic meter/hour 3.6 0.0036 1 216 57.06116 47.51334
liter/minute 0.01667 1.67E-05 0.00463 1 0.26417 0.21997
gallon/minute (US) 0.06309 6.31E-05 0.01753 3.78541 1 0.83267
gallon/minute (GB) 0.07577 7.58E-05 0.02105 4.54609 1.20095 1
Length mm m in ft yd
millimeter 1 0.001 0.03937 0.00328 0.00109
meter 1000 1 39.37008 3.28084 1.09361
inch 25.4 0.0254 1 0.08333 0.02778
foot 304.8 0.3048 12 1 0.33333
yard 914.4 0.9144 36 3 1
Area mm² m² in² ft² yd²

millimeter square 1 0.000001 0.00155 1.08E-05 1.20E-06
meter square 1000000 1 1550.0031 10.76391 1.19599
inch square 645.16 0.00065 1 0.00694 0.00077
foot square 92903.04 0.09290 144 1 0.11111
yard square 836127.36 0.83613 1296 9 1
Volume l m³ in³ ft³ yd³

liter 1 0.001 61.02374 0.03531 0.00131
cubic meter 1000 1 61023.74409 35.31467 1.30795
inch cube 0.01639 1.64E-05 1 0.00058 2.14E-05
foot cube 28.31685 0.02832 1728 1 0.03704
yard cube 764.55486 0.76455 46656 27 1
Rotational Speed rad/s rad/min rps rpm

radian/second 1 60 0.15915 9.54930
radian/minute 0.01667 1 0.00265 0.15915
revolution/second 6.28319 376.99112 1 60
revolution/minute 0.10472 6.28319 0.01667 1
Power W kW hp
watt 1 0.001 0.00134
kilowatt 1000 1 1.34048
horsepower 746 0.746 1
Mass kg lb oz
kilogram 1 2.20462 35.27396
pound 0.45359 1 16
ounce 0.02835 0.0625 1
Force kgf N lbf

kilogram-force 1 9.80665 2.20462
Newton 0.10197 1 0.22481
pound-force 0.45359 4.44822 1
APPROXIMATE FLOW MEASUREMENT FROM OPEN PIPES
When there are no instruments available to accurately measure the flow of water from a pump, following method will serve as
an approximation.
Pipe D — mm
Diameter 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
inch Approximate Capacity — l/s
3 4.6 5.5 6.4 7.3 8.2 9.2 10.1 11.0 11.9 12.8 13.7 14.7 15.6 16.5 17.4 18.3
4 8.1 9.8 11.4 13.0 14.7 16.3 17.9 19.6 21.2 22.8 24.4 26.1 27.7 29.3 31.0 32.6
5 12.7 15.3 17.8 20.4 22.9 25.5 28.0 30.6 33.1 35.6 38.2 40.7 43.3 45.8 48.4 50.9
6 18.3 22.0 25.7 29.3 33.0 36.7 40.3 44.0 47.7 51.3 55.0 58.7 62.3 66.0 69.7 73.3
8 32.6 39.1 45.6 52.1 58.7 65.2 71.7 78.2 84.7 91.3 97.8 104.3 110.8 117.3 123.8 130.4
10 50.9 61.1 71.3 81.5 91.7 101.8 112.0 122.2 132.4 142.6 152.8 163.0 173.1 183.3 193.5 203.7
12 73.3 88.0 102.7 117.3 132.0 146.7 161.3 176.0 190.7 205.3 220.0 234.7 249.3 264.0 278.6 293.3
LINESHAFT SELECTION TABLE
AISI 420 Thrust Load — kg

Diameter Speed 500 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7500 9000 10500 12000 15000 20000
inch rpm Maximum Transmissible Horsepower — kW
2980 30.0 29.3 28.2 26.5 20.9 8.0
1480 14.9 14.6 14.0 13.2 10.4 4.0
3/4
990 10.0 9.7 9.4 8.8 6.9 2.7
740 7.5 7.3 7.0 6.6 5.2 2.0
2980 71.5 71.0 70.2 69.0 65.5 60.2 52.7 41.7
1480 35.5 35.3 34.9 34.3 32.5 29.9 26.2 20.7
1
990 23.8 23.6 23.3 22.9 21.8 20.0 17.5 13.8
740 17.8 17.6 17.4 17.1 16.3 15.0 13.1 10.3
2980 119.9 119.5 118.8 117.8 114.9 110.8 105.2 98.0 83.1 60.1
1480 59.5 59.3 59.0 58.5 57.1 55.0 52.3 48.7 41.3 29.9
1 3/16
990 39.8 39.7 39.5 39.1 38.2 36.8 35.0 32.6 27.6 20.0
740 29.8 29.7 29.5 29.2 28.5 27.5 26.1 24.3 20.6 14.9
2980 241.8 241.5 240.9 240.2 237.9 234.8 230.7 225.5 215.8 203.2 187.3 167.1 103.4
1480 120.1 119.9 119.7 119.3 118.2 116.6 114.6 112.0 107.2 100.9 93.0 83.0 51.4
1 1/2
990 80.3 80.2 80.0 79.8 79.0 78.0 76.6 74.9 71.7 67.5 62.2 55.5 34.4
740 60.0 60.0 59.8 59.6 59.1 58.3 57.3 56.0 53.6 50.5 46.5 41.5 25.7
2980 382.6 382.4 381.9 381.3 379.5 377.1 373.8 369.8 362.4 353.1 341.8 328.2 293.2 197.1
1480 190.0 189.9 189.7 189.4 188.5 187.3 185.7 183.7 180.0 175.4 169.7 163.0 145.6 97.9
1 11/16
990 127.1 127.0 126.9 126.7 126.1 125.3 124.2 122.9 120.4 117.3 113.5 109.0 97.4 65.5
740 95.0 95.0 94.8 94.7 94.2 93.6 92.8 91.8 90.0 87.7 84.9 81.5 72.8 48.9
2980 579.2 579.0 578.6 578.0 576.5 574.3 571.6 568.1 561.8 553.9 544.5 533.4 505.7 440.1
1480 287.6 287.5 287.3 287.1 286.3 285.2 283.9 282.2 279.0 275.1 270.4 264.9 251.2 218.6
1 15/16
990 192.4 192.3 192.2 192.0 191.5 190.8 189.9 188.7 186.6 184.0 180.9 177.2 168.0 146.2
740 143.8 143.8 143.7 143.5 143.2 142.6 141.9 141.1 139.5 137.5 135.2 132.4 125.6 109.3
AISI 1045 Thrust Load — kg

Diameter Speed 500 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7500 9000 10500 12000 15000 20000
inch rpm Maximum Transmissible Horsepower — kW
2980 26.0 25.3 23.9 21.9 14.6
1480 12.9 12.5 11.9 10.9 7.3
3/4
990 8.7 8.4 7.9 7.3 4.9
740 6.5 6.3 5.9 5.4 3.6
2980 62.1 61.6 60.6 59.2 55.1 48.7 39.0 22.0
1480 30.9 30.6 30.1 29.4 27.4 24.2 19.4 10.9
1
990 20.6 20.5 20.1 19.7 18.3 16.2 13.0 7.3
740 15.4 15.3 15.0 14.7 13.7 12.1 9.7 5.5
2980 104.2 103.7 102.9 101.8 98.5 93.6 87.0 78.1 58.3 10.1
1480 51.8 51.5 51.1 50.6 48.9 46.5 43.2 38.8 29.0 5.0
1 3/16
990 34.6 34.5 34.2 33.8 32.7 31.1 28.9 25.9 19.4 3.4
740 25.9 25.8 25.6 25.3 24.5 23.2 21.6 19.4 14.5 2.5
2980 210.2 209.9 209.2 208.3 205.8 202.1 197.3 191.3 179.7 164.4 144.3 116.8
1480 104.4 104.2 103.9 103.5 102.2 100.4 98.0 95.0 89.3 81.7 71.7 58.0
1 1/2
990 69.8 69.7 69.5 69.2 68.4 67.1 65.6 63.6 59.7 54.6 47.9 38.8
740 52.2 52.1 52.0 51.7 51.1 50.2 49.0 47.5 44.6 40.8 35.8 29.0
2980 332.7 332.4 331.9 331.2 329.1 326.3 322.5 317.9 309.2 298.3 284.8 268.4 224.1 56.0
1480 165.2 165.1 164.8 164.5 163.5 162.0 160.2 157.9 153.6 148.1 141.4 133.3 111.3 27.8
1 11/16
990 110.5 110.4 110.3 110.0 109.3 108.4 107.2 105.6 102.7 99.1 94.6 89.2 74.4 18.6
740 82.6 82.5 82.4 82.2 81.7 81.0 80.1 78.9 76.8 74.1 70.7 66.6 55.6 13.9
2980 503.6 503.4 502.9 502.3 500.5 498.0 494.8 490.9 483.5 474.3 463.3 450.2 417.0 334.4
1480 250.1 250.0 249.8 249.5 248.6 247.3 245.8 243.8 240.1 235.6 230.1 223.6 207.1 166.1
1 15/16
990 167.3 167.2 167.1 166.9 166.3 165.5 164.4 163.1 160.6 157.6 153.9 149.6 138.5 111.1
740 125.1 125.0 124.9 124.7 124.3 123.7 122.9 121.9 120.1 117.8 115.0 111.8 103.6 83.1
Reference: ANSI B58.1-1971, AWWA E101-71
Note: At a given thrust load, maximum transmissible power is directly proportional with speed.
MECHANICAL FRICTION IN LINESHAFT BEARINGS

Rotational Speed — rpm
Shaft Oil Pipe
3500 2980 1770 1480 1170 990 880 740
Diameter Diameter
Mechanical Friction — kW / 100 m
3/4 “ 1 1/4 “ 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
1“ 1 1/2 “ 2.4 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
1 3/16 “ 2“ 3.3 2.8 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7
1 1/2 “ 2 1/2 “ 5.3 4.5 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.1
1 11/16 “ 3“ 6.7 5.7 3.4 2.8 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.4
1 15/16 “ 3“ 8.9 7.6 4.5 3.8 3.0 2.5 2.2 1.9
55 mm 4” 11.1 9.4 5.6 4.7 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.3
60 mm 4“ 13.2 11.2 6.7 5.6 4.4 3.7 3.3 2.8
65 mm 4“ 15.5 13.2 7.8 6.5 5.2 4.4 3.9 3.3
70 mm 5“ 17.9 15.3 9.1 7.6 6.0 5.1 4.5 3.8
75 mm 5“ 20.6 17.5 10.4 8.7 6.9 5.8 5.2 4.4
80 mm 5“ 23.4 20.0 11.9 9.9 7.8 6.6 5.9 5.0
85 mm 5“ 26.5 22.5 13.4 11.2 8.8 7.5 6.7 5.6
90 mm 5“ 29.7 25.3 15.0 12.5 9.9 8.4 7.5 6.3
95 mm 6“ 33.1 28.1 16.7 14.0 11.1 9.4 8.3 7.0
100 mm 6“ 36.6 31.2 18.5 15.5 12.2 10.4 9.2 7.7
105 mm 6“ 40.4 34.4 20.4 17.1 13.5 11.4 10.2 8.5
110 mm 6“ 44.3 37.7 22.4 18.7 14.8 12.5 11.1 9.4
Reference: ANSI B58.1-1971, AWWA E101-71
It is assumed that the lineshafts are enclosed and lubricated with a drip-feed oiling system or water-flushed with bronze
bearings spaced every 1.5 m. The table is also used for open, water-lubricated lineshafts where the standard bearings are
synthetic rubber and spaced every 3 m.
If the shaft is protected with journals, resulting in larger bearing diameters, these diameters should be used when reading
the chart.
For a system where the shaft is enclosed and the enclosing tube is flooded with oil, instead of drip-feed, twice the values
given in the table are used.
All the mechanical friction values are interpolated from the original data point at which a loss of 1.5 hp / 100 ft is read for the
shaft of diameter 2 1/2" running at 870 rpm by using following assumptions:
1) At a given shaft diameter, frictional loss is directly proportional with rotational speed.
2) At a given rotational speed, frictional loss is directly proportional with square of shaft diameter.
The first assumption is true and the errors associated with the second assumption are negligible.
These values represent approximate values valid for standard bearing lengths. If bearings with non-standard lengths are
used, this table does not give correct results.
COLUMN PIPE FRICTION LOSSES IN LINESHAFT PUMPS
Column Pipe Diameter — inch

Friction 3 4 5 6
Loss Oil Pipe Diameter — inch
m / 100 m 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3
Capacity — l/s
0.4 0.7 0.7 2.3 1.9 1.3 4.9 4.3 3.5 3.1 8.0 7.6 5.9 4.3
0.6 0.9 0.8 2.9 2.4 1.7 6.1 5.4 4.4 3.8 9.9 9.5 7.3 5.4
0.7 1.1 1.0 3.4 2.8 2.0 7.3 6.4 5.3 4.6 11.8 11.3 8.8 6.4
0.9 1.3 1.1 4.0 3.3 2.3 8.5 7.5 6.1 5.3 13.8 13.2 10.2 7.5
1.2 1.5 1.3 4.6 3.8 2.7 9.7 8.5 7.0 6.1 15.7 15.1 11.7 8.5
1.4 1.6 1.5 5.1 4.2 3.0 10.9 9.6 7.9 6.8 17.7 16.9 13.1 9.6
1.7 1.8 1.6 5.7 4.7 3.3 12.1 10.7 8.7 7.6 19.6 18.8 14.5 10.7
1.9 2.0 1.8 6.2 5.2 3.7 13.3 11.7 9.6 8.3 21.6 20.7 16.0 11.7
2.3 2.2 1.9 6.8 5.6 4.0 14.5 12.8 10.5 9.1 23.5 22.5 17.4 12.8
2.6 2.4 2.1 7.4 6.1 4.3 15.7 13.8 11.3 9.8 25.5 24.4 18.9 13.8
2.9 2.5 2.3 7.9 6.6 4.7 16.9 14.9 12.2 10.6 27.4 26.3 20.3 14.9
3.3 2.7 2.4 8.5 7.0 5.0 18.1 15.9 13.1 11.3 29.4 28.1 21.8 15.9
3.7 2.9 2.6 9.1 7.5 5.3 19.3 17.0 13.9 12.1 31.3 30.0 23.2 17.0
4.1 3.1 2.7 9.6 8.0 5.6 20.5 18.1 14.8 12.8 33.3 31.9 24.6 18.1
4.5 3.3 2.9 10.2 8.4 6.0 21.7 19.1 15.6 13.6 35.2 33.7 26.1 19.1
5.0 3.4 3.1 10.8 8.9 6.3 22.9 20.2 16.5 14.3 37.2 35.6 27.5 20.2
5.5 3.6 3.2 11.3 9.4 6.6 24.1 21.2 17.4 15.1 39.1 37.5 29.0 21.2
6.0 3.8 3.4 11.9 9.8 7.0 25.3 22.3 18.2 15.8 41.1 39.3 30.4 22.3
6.5 4.0 3.6 12.4 10.3 7.3 26.5 23.3 19.1 16.6 43.0 41.2 31.9 23.3
7.0 4.2 3.7 13.0 10.8 7.6 27.7 24.4 20.0 17.3 44.9 43.1 33.3 24.4
Column Pipe Diameter — inch

Friction 8 10 12
Loss Oil Pipe Diameter — inch
m / 100 m 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/2 3 4 5 2 2 1/2 3 4 5 6
Capacity — l/s
0.4 23.3 17.2 16.2 13.2 35.7 32.9 30.4 23.3 17.2 58.9 55.4 51.1 43.7 35.7 30.4
0.6 29.0 21.4 20.1 16.4 44.4 41.0 37.9 29.0 21.4 73.3 69.0 63.6 54.5 44.4 37.9
0.7 34.6 25.6 24.1 19.7 53.2 49.0 45.3 34.6 25.6 87.8 82.5 76.1 65.2 53.2 45.3
0.9 40.3 29.8 28.0 22.9 61.9 57.1 52.7 40.3 29.8 102.2 96.1 88.6 75.9 61.9 52.7
1.2 46.0 34.0 32.0 26.1 70.6 65.2 60.2 46.0 34.0 116.6 109.7 101.1 86.6 70.6 60.2
1.4 51.7 38.2 35.9 29.4 79.4 73.2 67.6 51.7 38.2 131.0 123.2 113.7 97.3 79.4 67.6
1.7 57.4 42.4 39.9 32.6 88.1 81.3 75.1 57.4 42.4 145.5 136.8 126.2 108.0 88.1 75.1
1.9 63.1 46.7 43.8 35.8 96.9 89.3 82.5 63.1 46.7 159.9 150.4 138.7 118.7 96.9 82.5
2.3 68.8 50.9 47.8 39.1 105.6 97.4 90.0 68.8 50.9 174.3 163.9 151.2 129.4 105.6 90.0
2.6 74.5 55.1 51.8 42.3 114.3 105.5 97.4 74.5 55.1 188.8 177.5 163.7 140.2 114.3 97.4
2.9 80.2 59.3 55.7 45.6 123.1 113.5 104.9 80.2 59.3 203.2 191.1 176.2 150.9 123.1 104.9
3.3 85.9 63.5 59.7 48.8 131.8 121.6 112.3 85.9 63.5 217.6 204.6 188.7 161.6 131.8 112.3
3.7 91.6 67.7 63.6 52.0 140.6 129.6 119.8 91.6 67.7 232.0 218.2 201.3 172.3 140.6 119.8
4.1 97.3 71.9 67.6 55.3 149.3 137.7 127.2 97.3 71.9 246.5 231.8 213.8 183.0 149.3 127.2
4.5 103.0 76.1 71.5 58.5 158.0 145.8 134.7 103.0 76.1 260.9 245.3 226.3 193.7 158.0 134.7
5.0 108.7 80.3 75.5 61.7 166.8 153.8 142.1 108.7 80.3 275.3 258.9 238.8 204.4 166.8 142.1
5.5 114.4 84.5 79.4 65.0 175.5 161.9 149.6 114.4 84.5 289.7 272.5 251.3 215.2 175.5 149.6
6.0 120.1 88.8 83.4 68.2 184.3 169.9 157.0 120.1 88.8 304.2 286.0 263.8 225.9 184.3 157.0
6.5 125.8 93.0 87.4 71.4 193.0 178.0 164.4 125.8 93.0 318.6 299.6 276.3 236.6 193.0 164.4
7.0 131.5 97.2 91.3 74.7 201.7 186.1 171.9 131.5 97.2 333.0 313.2 288.9 247.3 201.7 171.9
Reference: Hydraulic Institute Engineering Data Book, 2nd edition, 1990
The table is directly used for oil lubricated columns. For water lubricated columns, the loss is assumed to be equal to an oil
lubricated column with the proper oil tube that would normally enclose the lineshaft. Pipe material is steel.
FRICTION LOSSES IN STEEL PIPES
Friction Pipe Diameter — inch

Loss 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
m / 100 m Capacity — l/s
0.4 2.4 5.1 8.9 15.1 32.1 58.7 94.0 121.8 175.8 242.4 322.8
0.6 2.9 6.0 10.6 17.8 38.0 69.3 110.9 143.6 207.1 285.5 380.0
0.7 3.4 6.9 12.2 20.6 43.8 79.9 127.8 165.4 238.5 328.6 437.2
0.9 3.8 7.9 13.9 23.4 49.6 90.4 144.7 187.2 269.8 371.7 494.4
1.2 4.3 8.8 15.6 26.1 55.5 101.0 161.6 209.0 301.1 414.8 551.6
1.4 4.8 9.8 17.2 28.9 61.3 111.6 178.4 230.8 332.5 457.9 608.8
1.7 5.2 10.7 18.9 31.7 67.2 122.2 195.3 252.6 363.8 501.0 666.0
1.9 5.7 11.7 20.5 34.4 73.0 132.8 212.2 274.4 395.2 544.1 723.2
2.3 6.1 12.6 22.2 37.2 78.9 143.4 229.1 296.2 426.5 587.1 780.4
2.6 6.6 13.6 23.8 40.0 84.7 154.0 246.0 318.0 457.8 630.2 837.6
2.9 7.1 14.5 25.5 42.7 90.6 164.6 262.9 339.8 489.2 673.3 894.8
3.3 7.5 15.5 27.1 45.5 96.4 175.2 279.7 361.6 520.5 716.4 952.0
3.7 8.0 16.4 28.8 48.3 102.2 185.8 296.6 383.4 551.9 759.5 1009.2
4.1 8.5 17.3 30.4 51.0 108.1 196.4 313.5 405.2 583.2 802.6 1066.4
4.5 8.9 18.3 32.1 53.8 113.9 207.0 330.4 427.0 614.6 845.7 1123.6
5.0 9.4 19.2 33.8 56.6 119.8 217.5 347.3 448.8 645.9 888.8 1180.8
5.5 9.8 20.2 35.4 59.3 125.6 228.1 364.1 470.6 677.2 931.8 1238.0
6.0 10.3 21.1 37.1 62.1 131.5 238.7 381.0 492.4 708.6 974.9 1295.3
6.5 10.8 22.1 38.7 64.9 137.3 249.3 397.9 514.2 739.9 1018.0 1352.5
7.0 11.2 23.0 40.4 67.6 143.1 259.9 414.8 536.0 771.3 1061.1 1409.7

DISCHARGE HEAD LOSSES
1
Discharge Head Loss — m
10x4 10x5 10x6 12AC8 20AC12 25AC14

10AC6 17x8
17AC8
0.1
10 100 1000
Capacity — l/s

DISCHARGE ELBOW LOSSES
1
Discharge Elbow Loss — m
3'' 4'' 5'' 6'' 8''
0.1
10 100 1000
Capacity — l/s

DISCHARGE HEAD & COLUMN ASSEMBLY SECTIONAL VIEW (WATER LUBE)
Motor
Key
Setscrew
Key Motor Shaft Coupling
Setscrew
Head Shaft Coupling
Deflector Ring Pressure Gage
Head Shaft
Pre-Lubrication Pipe
Discharge Head
Upper Column Pipe
Snap Ring
Column Flange Washer
Column Pipe Coupling
Bearing Retainer
Line Shaft Bearing
Column Pipe
Non-Reverse Plate
Non-Reverse Pin
Adjusting Nut
Key
Pin Safety Plate Copper Pipe
Drive Coupling Gland
Pipe Plug Deflector Ring
Grease Cup
Intermediate Part
Oil Level Indicator

Lantern Ring
Sealing Pipe Seal
Packing Box
Thrust Bearing
Thrust Bearing Cover Packing Box Bearing
Thrust Assembly Body
DISCHARGE HEAD & COLUMN ASSEMBLY SECTIONAL VIEW (OIL LUBE)
Motor
Setscrew
Motor Shaft Coupling Key
Setscrew
Head Shaft Coupling
Key
Pressure Gage
Pipe Plug Head Shaft
Discharge Head
Column Flange
Upper Column Pipe
Line Shaft Bearing
Column Pipe Coupling

Tube Stabilizer
Column Pipe
Non-Reverse Plate
Non-Reverse Pin
Adjusting Nut
Key Pipe Bushing
Pin Safety Plate
Drive Coupling Pipe Plug
Pipe Plug Lock Nut
Intermediate Part
Tension Nut
Oil Level Indicator
Tube Connector
Sealing Pipe Tube Connector Bearing
Thrust Bearing
Thrust Bearing Cover
Thrust Assembly Body
BOWL ASSEMBLY SECTIONAL VIEW
OIL LUBRICATED WATER LUBRICATED
Column Pipe Column Pipe

Pump Shaft Coupling Pump Shaft Coupling
Oil Tube
Pump Shaft Pump Shaft
Tube Adapter Discharge Case Bearing Cap
Deflector Ring
Discharge Case Discharge Case
Discharge Case Bearing Discharge Case Bearing

Bowl Bowl
Bowl Rubber Bearing Bowl Rubber Bearing
Bowl Bearing Bowl Bearing
Impeller Lock Collet Impeller Lock Collet
Impeller Impeller
Wear Ring (Optional) Wear Ring (Optional)
Sand Collar Sand Collar

Suction Case Suction Case
Suction Case Bearing Suction Case Bearing
Pipe Plug Pipe Plug
Suction Pipe Suction Pipe
Conical Strainer Conical Strainer

STANDARD MATERIALS FOR SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
Item Nomenclature Material

1 Cast Iron
1 Discharge Case
ASTM A48 Class 30B
Stainless Steel Sheet
2 Check Valve
2 ASTM A582 Type 304
3
Rubber
3 Rubber Seat
Shore 70
Stainless Steel
4 Pump Shaft
6
Steel
5 Bolts and Nuts
ASTM A307-61 Gr. A
5
Cast Iron
9 6 Intermediate Bowl
ASTM A48 Class 30B
Leaded Red Bronze
7 Impeller
C83600
7 Stainless Steel
8 Impeller Lock Collet
ASTM A582 Type 420
Leaded Red Bronze
9 Intermediate Bowl Bearing
C83600
8 Cast Iron
10 Suction Case
ASTM A48 Class 30B
Stainless Steel Sheet
11 Strainer
ASTM A582 Type 304
Cast Iron
12 Intermediate Part
ASTM A48 Class 30B
11 Stainless Steel
13 Coupling
13
12
SHAFT DETAIL FOR LINESHAFT BOWLS

st
Shaft Shaft 1 Impeller Single Stage Additional Stage
Bowl Extension Diameter Position Shaft Length Shaft Length
E – inch inch A – mm B – mm C – mm
6NT 248 1 110 602.5 91.5
6R 248 1 133 654 132
7NR 356 1 3/16 130.5 740 158
8R 356 1 3/16 143 848 165
8NF 356 1 3/16 177 896.5 178
10R 356 1 11/16 217.5 975 210
10JK 356 1 1/2 209.5 930 193.5
10FH 356 1 11/16 228.5 990 222.5
12R 356 1 15/16 217 1041 254
12FH 356 1 15/16 203 1048 279.5
Note: Subject to change without any notice.
A C E
APPROXIMATE TORQUE REQUIREMENTS FOR METRIC BOLTS
Bolt Steel AISI AISI Steel Steel

Designation Gr. 1 304 316 Gr. 5 Gr. 8
M6 4 4 4 11 15
M8 8 8 8 20 31
M10 15 15 15 38 54
M12 38 38 38 95 134
M16 75 75 75 190 269
M20 132 132 132 339 475
M22 210 210 210 549 768
M24 312 312 312 814 1150
M27 461 461 461 1044 1689
M30 651 651 651 1465 2373
M33 895 895 895 1994 3221
M39 1166 1166 1166 2645 4252
Note: Torques in N-m

DIAMETRIC RUNNING CLEARANCES
Bronze Bowl Bearings

Nominal Nominal Range of Max. Allowable Bearing
Shaft Diameter Clearance Clearance I.D. Before Replacement
in mm mm mm mm
1 25.40 0.20 0.20 to 0.36 25.90
1 3/16 30.16 0.20 0.20 to 0.38 30.66
1 1/2 38.10 0.20 0.20 to 0.38 38.65
1 11/16 42.86 0.20 0.20 to 0.38 43.41
1 15/16 49.21 0.25 0.25 to 0.43 49.81
Impeller Skirt & Wear Ring

Max. Allowable Diametric
Nominal Nominal Range of
Clearance Before
Shaft Diameter Clearance Clearance
Replacement
in mm mm mm mm
Less than 2 Less than 50.80 0.40 0.40 to 0.50 0.80
2.0 to 3.99 50.80 to 101.35 0.50 0.50 to 0.60 0.90
4.0 to 4.99 101.60 to 126.75 0.60 0.60 to 0.70 1.00
5.0 to 5.99 127.00 to 152.15 0.70 0.70 to 0.80 1.10
6.0 to 6.99 152.40 to 177.55 0.80 0.80 to 0.90 1.20
8.0 to 10.99 203.20 to 279.15 0.80 0.80 to 0.90 1.20
11.0 to 11.99 279.40 to 304.55 0.90 0.90 to 1.00 1.30
12.0 to 19.99 304.80 to 507.75 0.90 0.90 to 1.00 1.30
20.0 to 29.99 508.00 to 761.75 0.90 0.90 to 1.00 1.30
IMPELLER IDENTIFICATION
Maximum Machining Number

Impeller Diameter Angle Of
A – mm C – mm Vanes
6NTM 114.7 22.0 6
6RL 113.8 26.0 6
6RM 113.8 31.0 5
6RH 113.8 31.0 7
7NRL 144.9 31.0 6
8NRL 151.9 26.0 6
8RM 151.9 25.0 6
8RH 151.9 25.0 8
8NFM 162.4 31.0 5
10RL 199.6 25.0 5
10RM 199.6 25.0 6
10RH 199.6 25.0 7
10JKL 199.6 22.0 5
10JKM 199.6 22.0 8
10JKH 199.6 22.0 8
10JKXH 199.6 22.0 8
10FHM 204.2 40.0 5
10FHH 204.2 40.0 7
12RXL 235.8 30.0 6
12RL 235.8 25.0 5
12RM 235.8 25.0 6
12RH 235.8 25.0 8
12FHL 243.7 27.5 5
12FHM 243.7 27.0 4
12FHH 243.7 27.0 8
Note: Subject to change without any notice.

IMPELLER TRIM
The effect on hydraulic performance of a centrifugal pump due to speed change or impeller trim can be determined by the
application of the formulae below. Different producers may use different formulae. These equations are theoretical and do
not always give the same results as an actual test. However, for small changes in speed and small impeller trims, they serve
as an excellent guide for calculating unknown performance characteristics from known values when test data are not
available.
 N  D 
Q2  Q1  2  2 
 N1  D1 
2 2
N  D 
H 2  H1  2   2 
 N1   D1 
3 3
N  D 
P2  P1  2   2 
 N1   D1 
Subscript 1 represents known values and subscript 2 represents unknown values. Efficiency is assumed to remain the same
for calculation purposes. Some variation may occur according to the amount of change or the design of the impellers and
bowls.
It can be seen from above equations that when we make a diameter trim (which is at constant speed), power approximately
changes with the cube of the diameter ratio, head approximately changes with the square of the diameter ratio and capacity
approximately changes directly with the diameter ratio.
There are two things to consider when making an impeller trim:
1 – The impeller diameter is measured at the bottom shroud of the waterway as indicated on the drawing.
2 – Machining angle “C” is the same for trimmed impeller as the maximum diameter impeller.
BOWL AND LINESHAFT BEARING TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Material Temperature Range — °C Remarks
Standard water lube lineshaft bearing. Do not

Synthetic Rubber ~ 0 to 40 use where H2S is present. Bearing must be wet
prior to start-up for settings over 15 m.
Standard bowl bearing. General purpose

Bronze ~ -2 to 50 bearing successfully applied on non-abrasive
fresh water and hydro-carbons.
Good for extreme temperature and non-

Teflon
~ 0 to 150 abrasive fluids. Also excellent where fluid has
(Carbonized or Pure)
poor lubricating properties.
Different materials with special machining tolerances can be used for other duties.
USE OF CHECK VALVES
It is recommended that one or more check valves are always be used in submersible pump installations. If the pump does not
have a built-in check valve, a line check valve should be installed in the discharge line within 25 feet (7.6 m) of the pump and
below the drawdown level of the water supply. For deeper settings, it is recommended that a line check valve be installed
every 200 feet (61 m).
Swing type check valves should never be used with submersible pumps. When the pump stops, there is a sudden reversal of
flow before the swing check valve closes, causing a sudden change in the velocity of the water. Spring loaded check valves
should be used as they are designed to close quickly as the water flow stops and before it begins to move in the reverse
direction. There is little or no velocity of flow when the spring loaded valve closes and no hydraulic shock or water hammer is
produced by the closing of the valve.
Check valves are used to hold pressure in the system when the pump stops. They are also used to prevent backspin, water
hammer and upthrust. Any of these three or a combination of them can lead to immediate pump or motor failure, a
shortened service life or operating problems in the system.
a) Backspin – with no check valve or the check valve fails, the water in the drop pipe and the water in the system can flow
back down the discharge pipe when the motor stops. This can cause the pump to rotate in a reverse direction as the
water flows back down the pipe. If the motor is started while this is happening, a heavy strain may be placed across the
pump-motor assembly. It can also cause excessive thrust bearing wear because the motor is not turning fast enough to
ensure an adequate film of water in the thrust bearing.
b) Upthrust – with no check valve, or with a leaking check valve, the unit starts each time under zero head conditions. With
most pumps, this causes an uplifting or upthrust on the impellers. This upward movement carries across the pump-
motor coupling and creates an upthrust condition in the motor. Repeated upthrust at each start can cause premature
wear and failure of either or both the pump and the motor.
c) Water Hammer – if the lowest check valve is more than 30 feet (9.1 m) above the standing water level or the lower
check valve leaks and the check valve above holds, a partial vacuum is created in the discharge piping. On the next pump
start, water moving at very high velocity fills the void and strikes the closed check valve and the stationary water in the
pipe above it, causing a hydraulic shock. This shock can split pipes, break joints and damage the pump and/or motor.
Water hammer is an easily detected noise. When discovered, the system be shut down and the pump installer contacted
to correct the problem.
PRE-LUBRICATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OPEN LINESHAFT PUMPS
During operation, pumped water fills the column and lubricates the lineshaft bearings. However, at startup or shutdown
special care must be taken to make sure that bearings are wetted never operates dry. Pre-lubrication of lineshaft bearings
depend on pump type and column length.
d) Small pumps may have bottom check valve. In this case, pre-lubrication is necessary in the first startup. Generally pre-
lubrication is not necessary in the later startups because the bottom check valve ensures that the column is filled with
water.
e) A pre-lubrication tank with a 1 ¼” pipe and valve is installed after the check valve of the discharge line at the pump exit.
Before the startup, valve of the pre-lubrication tank is opened and water flows to the column. After the pre-lubrication
tank fills the column, pump can be operated. Valve of the pre-lubrication tank should be kept open until the pre-
lubrication tank is filled again by the pump.
For different column pipe diameters and column lengths, below table is used to determine the size of the pre-lubrication
tank.
Column 175 l 350 l 700 l 1000 l

3” 60 m 105 m
4” 45 m 90 m
6” 30 m 60 m 120 m
8” 45 m 105 m
10” 35 m 90 m 180 m
f) Non-reverse mechanisms should be used to prevent the back flow of the water through the pump when the pump is
shut down. If there is no non-reverse mechanism, pre-lubrication should be done as explained before. Also make sure
that when the pump is started there is no reverse rotation of the pump due to back flow of water. This may induce a
very critical load to the driver. For low settings, non-reverse mechanisms may not be used.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
LAYNE
BOWLER DESCRIPTION STANDARD
Heat Yield Tensile
NO. C Si Mn P S N Cr Mo Nİ Hardness
Treatment Strength Strength
<= 230 <= 760

A –
HB MPa
(REF.)
(~) (~) 0.16 12.00
Chromium TS EN 10088–3 <= <= <= <= 500 700 – 850
S1 BS 970 A 276–02 – – – – – Q&T 650 –
Steel 1.4021 1.00 1.50 0.040 0.030 MPa MPa
420 S29 420 0.25 14.00
X20Cr13
600 800 – 950
Q&T 650 –
MPa MPa
<= 220 <= 730

(REF.) A –
(~) (~) 0.06 0.15 12.00 HB MPa
Chromium TS EN 10088–3 <= <= <= <=
S2 BS 970 A 276–02 – – – – –
Steel 1.4005 1.00 1.50 0.040 0.60
416 S21 416 0.15 0.35 14.00 450 650 – 850
X12CrS13 Q&T 650 –
MPa MPa
Chromium Nickel (REF.)

(~) (~) 16.50 2.00 10.00
Molybdenum TS EN 10088–3 <= <= <= <= <= <= <= 215 >= 200 500 – 700
S3 BS 970 A 276–02 – – – SA
GENERAL ENGINEERING MANUAL
Steel 1.4404 0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.11 HB MPa MPa
316 S11 316L 18.50 2.50 13.00
Low Carbon X2CrNiMo17–12–2
(REF.)
Chromium Nickel (~) (~) 16.50 2.00 10.00
TS EN 10088–3 <= <= <= <= <= <= <= 215 >= 200 500 – 700
S4 Molybdenum BS 970 A 276–02 – – – SA
1.4401 0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.11 HB MPa MPa
Steel 316 S31 316 18.50 2.50 13.00
X5CrNiMo17–12–2
WROUGHT STEEL GRADES
(REF.)
Chromium Nickel (~) (~) 18.00 10.00
TS EN 10088–3 <= <= <= <= <= <= <= 215 >= 180 460 – 680
S5 Steel BS 970 A 276–02 – – – SA
1.4306 0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.11 HB MPa MPa
Low Carbon 304 S11 304L 20.00 12.00
X2CrNi19–11
xxx-Sx
(REF.)
Section
(~) (~) 17.00 8.00

Chromium Nickel TS EN 10088–3 <= <= <= <= <= <= <= 215 >= 190 500 – 700
S6 BS 970 A 276–02 – – – SA
Steel 1.4301 0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.11 HB MPa MPa
304 S31 304 19.50 10.50
X5CrNi18–10
(~)
(~) (REF.) 0.18 0.30
Rev.
Date
TS EN 10083–2 <= <=

S7 Carbon Steel BS 970 A 108–99 – – – – – – –
1.0402 0.030 0.050
055 M15 1020 0.23 0.60
0
C22
(~)
(~) (REF.) 0.43 0.60
TS EN 10083–2 <= <=
S8 Carbon Steel BS 970 A 108–99 – – – – – – –
08.02.2011
1.053 0.030 0.050

080 M46 1045 0.50 0.90
C45
LAYNE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Heat Yield Tensile
NO. C Si Mn P S N Cr Cu Mo Nİ Hardness
(REF.)
(~) (~) 12.00 0.20 1.00
Chromium TS EN 10283 <= <= <= <= <=
S51 BS 3100 A 351–00 – – – – –
Steel 1.4008 0.10 1.00 1.00 0.035 0.025
410 C21 CA–15 13.50 0.50 2.00
GX7CrNiMo12–1
(REF.)
(~) (~) 18.00 8.00
Chromium Nickel TS EN 10283 <= <= <= <= <=
S52 BS 3100 A 351–00 – – – – –
Steel 1.4308 0.07 1.50 1.50 0.040 0.030
304 C15 CF–8 20.00 11.00
GX5CrNi19–10
(REF.)
Chromium Nickel (~) (~) 18.00 9.00
TS EN 10283 <= <= <= <= <= <=
S53 Steel BS 3100 A 351–00 – – – –
1.4309 0.030 1.50 2.00 0.035 0.025 0.200
Low Carbon 304 C12 CF–3 20.00 12.00
GX2CrNi19–11
(REF.)
Chromium Nickel (~) (~) 18.00 2.00 9.00
TS EN 10283 <= <= <= <= <=
S54 Molybdenum BS 3100 A 351–00 – – – – –
1.4408 0.07 1.50 1.50 0.040 0.030

Steel 316 C16 CF–8M 20.00 2.50 12.00
GX5CrNiMo19–11–2
Chromium Nickel (REF.)

18.00 2.00 9.00
Molybdenum TS EN 10283 <= <= <= <= <= <=
S55 – – – – – –
Steel 1.4409 0.03 1.50 2.00 0.035 0.025 0.200
20.00 2.50 12.00
Low Carbon GX2CrNiMo19–11–2
(REF.)
CAST STEEL GRADES
0.120 24.50 2.50 5.50

Duplex Stainless TS EN 10283 <= <= <= <= <=
S56 – – – – – – –
Steel 1.4468 0.03 1.00 2.00 0.035 0.025
0.250 26.50 3.50 7.00
GX2CrNiMoN25–6–3
(REF.)
(~) 0.120 25.00 3.00 6.00
Duplex Stainless TS EN 10283 <= <= <= <= <= <=
S57 – A 890–99 – – – –
Steel 1.4469 0.03 1.00 1.00 0.035 0.025 1.30
5A 0.220 27.00 5.00 8.00
xxx-Sx
Section
(REF.)
(~) 0.120 21.00 2.50 4.50
S58 – A 890–99 – – – – –
Steel 1.4470 0.03 1.00 2.00 0.035 0.025
4A 0.200 23.00 3.50 6.50
(REF.)
Rev.
Date
(~) 0.120 24.50 2.75 2.50 5.00

S59 – A 890–99 – – – – –
Steel 1.4517 0.03 1.00 1.50 0.035 0.025
0
1B 0.220 26.50 3.50 3.50 7.00

GX2CrNiMoCuN25–6–3–3
(~)
(~) (REF.)
DIN 1681 <= <= <= <= <= >= 200 >= 380
S60 Carbon Steel BS 3100 A 27–00 – – – – –
08.02.2011
GS–38 0.30 0.80 0.60 0.050 0.60 MPa MPa

AM1 Gr 60–30
GE200
LAYNE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
BOWLER DESCRIPTION STANDARD Heat Yield Tensile
NO. C Si Mn P S Cr Cu Nİ Hardness
(REF.)
(~) (~) 3.40 2.30 0.50
TS EN 1561 <= <= 160 – 190 >= 150
C1 Grey Cast Iron BS 1452 A 48–00 – – – – – –
0.6015 0.50 0.12 HB MPa
Gr 150 Gr 25B 3.60 2.50 0.80
GG–15
(REF.)
(~) (~) 3.20 2.10 0.50
TS EN 1561 <= <= 170 – 210 >= 200
0.6020 0.40 0.12 HB MPa
Gr 220 Gr 30B 3.40 2.30 0.80
GG–20
(REF.)
(~) (~) 3.00 1.85 0.40
TS EN 1561 <= <= 180 – 250 >= 250
0.6025 0.25 0.12 HB MPa
Gr 260 Gr 40B 3.25 2.10 0.70
GG–25
(REF.)
(~) (~) 2.95 1.70 0.40
TS EN 1561 <= <= 200 – 240 >= 300
0.6030 0.20 0.10 HB MPa
Gr 300 Gr 45B 3.10 2.00 0.70
GG–30
(REF.)
(~) (~) 3.00 1.70 0.60
TS EN 1561 <= <= 210 – 250 >= 350

0.6035 0.20 0.10 HB MPa
Gr 350 Gr 50B 3.26 2.00 0.80
GG–35
(REF.)
(~) (~) 3.40 2.20 0.05
TS EN 1563 <= <= 150 – 200 >= 412
C6 Ductile Iron BS 2789 A 536–84 – – – – – –
0.7040 0.08 0.04 HB MPa
CAST IRON GRADES
Gr 420/12 60–40–18 3.80 2.90 0.20

GGG–40
(REF.)
(~) (~) 3.40 2.20 0.30
TS EN 1563 <= <= 170 – 240 >= 491
0.7050 0.08 0.04 HB MPa
Gr 500/7 60–45–12 3.80 2.90 0.50
GGG–50
(REF.)
(~) (~) 3.40 2.20 0.30 0.60
TS EN 1563 <= <= 210 – 300 >= 589
xxx-Sx
0.7060 0.08 0.04 HB MPa

Section
Gr 600/3 80–55–06 3.80 2.90 0.40 0.80

GGG–60
(REF.)
(~) (~) 3.40 2.20 0.30 0.60
TS EN 1563 <= <= 230 – 320 >= 687
0.7070 0.08 0.04 HB MPa
Gr 700/2 100–70–03 3.80 2.90 0.50 0.80
GGG–70
Rev.
Date
(REF.)
(~) (~) 0.50 0.50 1.00 18.00
TS EN 13835 <= <= <= 140 – 200 >= 207 >= 400
C51 Ni–Resist BS 3468 A 439–83 – – – – –
0
0.7660 3.00 0.080 0.50 HB MPa MPa

S-NiCr20–2 Type D–2 1.50 1.50 3.50 22.00
GGG-NiCr 20 2
(REF.)
(~) (~) 0.50 0.50 2.50 28.00
TS EN 13835 <= <= <= 130 – 170 >= 207 >= 379
C52 Ni–Resist BS 3468 A 439–83 – – – – –
08.02.2011
0.7676 2.60 0.080 0.50 HB MPa MPa

S-NiCr30–3 Type D–3 1.50 1.50 3.50 32.00
GGG-NiCr 30 3
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
LAYNE
NO. Heat Yield Tensile
Cu Sn Pb Zn Fe Sb Ni S P Al Si Mn Other Hardness
84.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

Leaded Red ASTM <= <= <= <= <= <= <=
B1 Bz 85–5–5–5 – – – – – –
Bronze C83600 0.30 0.25 1.0 0.08 0.05 0.005 0.005
86.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
86.0 9.0 1.0

Leaded Tin ASTM <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <=
B2 Bz 88–10–2 – – – – –
Bronze C92700 0.7 0.20 0.25 1.0 0.05 0.25 0.005 0.005
89.0 11.0 2.5
89.0 9.2
ASTM <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <= <=
B3 Tin Bronze Bz 90–10 – – – –
C90250 0.30 0.50 0.25 0.20 0.8 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.005
91.0 11.0
3.0 10.0
COPPER ALLOYS
Aluminum ASTM >= <= <=

B4 Bz–Al – – – – – – – – – –
Bronze C95400 83.0 1.5 0.5
5.0 11.5
3.5 4.0 8.5 0.8

Aluminum nickel ASTM >= <= <=
B5 Bz–Al–Ni – – – – – – – – – –
Bronze C95800 79.0 0.09 0.1
4.5 5.0 9.5 1.5
xxx-Sx
Section
80.0 4.0
<= <= <= <= <=
B50 Impeller material for DSI. – – – – – – – – –
6.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 1.0
90.0 11.0
Rev.
Date
0
73.0 4.0 9.0

<= <= <= <=
B51 Bearing material for DSI. – – – – – – – – – –
3.0 1.0 2.0 1.0
87.0 10.0 15.0
08.02.2011

General Engineering Manual: Training Document

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TRAINING DOCUMENT

LAYNE BOWLER PUMP CO.

VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP TYPES

Above floor discharge

Lineshaft Short setting

Below floor discharge

Suction nozzle in barrel

Open pit mounting

Short setting Barrel mounting

Horizontal in-line mounting

DEEPWELL LINESHAFT VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP SELECTION

C – DISCHARGE HEAD ASSEMBLY

WELL PUMP SELECTION EXAMPLE

A – WELL DESCRIPTION & OPERATING CONDITIONS

1. I.D. of well casing 13 ½ inches

B – BOWL ASSEMBLY SELECTION

Bowl Unit Head/Stage Bowl. Eff.

HT  105  12.41  1300 kg hydraulic downthrust

TBH  TPH  hC  hDH  103  1.75  0.14  104.89  105 m

D – MOTOR & DISCHARGE HEAD SELECTION

Specified Conditions @ 2980 RPM

VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP TERMINOLOGY

It is the place where discharge head assembly sits.

It is the vertical distance between ground and datum.

4. Static Water Level

5. Dynamic Water Level

9. Discharge Line Losses

10. Total Pump Head (TPH)

11. Total Bowl Head (TBH)

12. Water Power

It is the power imparted to the fluid.

13. Bowl Efficiency

14. Bowl Power

15. Lineshaft Friction Loss

16. Thrust Bearing Loss

17. Hydraulic Thrust

18. Total Pump Thrust

19. Pump Power

20. Pump Efficiency

It is ratio of the water power to the pump power in percentage.

21. Motor Efficiency

It is the efficiency of the driver.

22. Wire Power

It is the power input to the motor.

23. Overall Efficiency

It is the ratio of the water power to the wire power in percentage.

UNIT CONVERSION TABLE

Pressure atm bar kPa kgf/cm² mWC psi

Capacity l/s m³/s m³/h l/min gpm (US) gpm (GB)

Area mm² m² in² ft² yd²

Volume l m³ in³ ft³ yd³

Rotational Speed rad/s rad/min rps rpm

Force kgf N lbf

APPROXIMATE FLOW MEASUREMENT FROM OPEN PIPES

LINESHAFT SELECTION TABLE

AISI 420 Thrust Load — kg

AISI 1045 Thrust Load — kg

Reference: ANSI B58.1-1971, AWWA E101-71

MECHANICAL FRICTION IN LINESHAFT BEARINGS

Reference: ANSI B58.1-1971, AWWA E101-71

COLUMN PIPE FRICTION LOSSES IN LINESHAFT PUMPS

Column Pipe Diameter — inch

Column Pipe Diameter — inch