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Berti Nelwan
NEOPLASMA I
Heterogeneity
Malignant neoplasm Quoted from Robbins
《 Pathology Basis of disease》
Pathogenesis of Neoplasia:
Non lethal DNA Damage leading to
uncontrolled cell division
Neoplasia:
• Progresif, Tak bertujuan, Patologis,
Proliferasi sel yang ditandai dengan
hilangnya kontrol atas pembelahan sel.
• Kerusakan DNA pada gen kontrol
pertumbuhan sangat penting bagi
pengembangan neoplasma.
• Karsinogen – Chemical, physical &
genetic DNA damage Neoplasm.
• Normal Hyperplasia Metaplasia
(DNA damage) Dysplasia (DNA damage)
(DNA damage) Anaplasia (DNA damage)
Infiltration (DNA damage) Metastasis….
• Progressive DNA Damage – features of
neoplasia.
Klasifikasi & Tata Nama
Structure of Neoplasm:
• Parenchyma:
–sel tumor yang proliferatif, yang
menunjukkan sifat pertumbuhan dan
fungsi bervariasi menyerupai sel
asalnya (produksi kolagen, musin,
keratin).
• Stroma
–Pendukung parenkim tumor: jaringan
ikat dan pembuluh darah
NOMENKLATUR
parenchyma
supporting stroma
Tumor Jinak
Suffix- “OMA” is used
• Adipose tissue: LipOMA
• Bone : osteOMA
• Muscle : myOMA
• Blood vessels : angiOMA
• Fibrous tissue : fibrOMA
Tumor Ganas
Mesenkhim Sarkoma
Neoplasma ganas asal
Epitelial Karsinoma
LIPOSARKOMA
FIBROSARKOMA
OSTEOSARKOMA
ADENOKARSINOMA
KARSINOMA SEL SKUAMOUS
Nomenclature: Cell of origin + Suffix
Suffix - oma Carcinoma / Sarcoma
• Fibroma • Fibrosarcoma
• Osteoma • Osteosarcoma
• Adenoma • Adenocarcinoma
• Papilloma • Squamous cell carcinoma
• Chondroma • Chondrosarcoma
KLASIFIKASI
BENIGN
• Well-differentiated
• Slow growth
• Encapsulated
• Non-invasive
• Does NOT metastasize
Characteristics of Neoplasia
MALIGNANT
• Undifferentiated
• Erratic and Uncontrolled
Growth
• Expansive and Invasive
• Secretes abnormal proteins
• METASTASIZES
Intermediate Tumor
Diantara tumor jinak dan
ganas yang mempunyai sifat
invasif lokal tetapi
kemampuan metastasis
kecil.
1. cartilage , 2. adipose
tissue (2) and 3. lacrimal
gland tissue .
Pengecualian
• Kedengaran jinak tapi ganas
– Limfoma, plasmasitoma, glioma, astrositoma, melanoma
• Lekemia
– Tumor alat pembentuk darah
Basement
membrane
Extravasation Extravasation Invasive carcinoma
Lymph/blood
vessel
Endoth
elial
cell
Micrometasta
sis MT
Macrometastasis
from Thierry et al
KARATERISTIK TUMOR JINAK & GANAS
Normal thyroid
• Microinvasive
squamous cell
carcinoma
0,15mm
• Depth of invasion
• St Ia:
• Linear extension ≤ 7
mm
• Depth of invasion <
5 mm
• INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Anaplastic tumor of the skeletal muscle (rhabdomyosarcoma).
B. Microscopic view
of fibroadenoma of
the breast. The
fibrous capsule (right)
delimits the tumor
from the surrounding
tissue.
LOCAL INVASION
A. Cut section of an invasive
ductal carcinoma of the
breast. The lesion is
retracted, infiltrating the
surrounding breast
substance, and would be
stony hard on palpation.
P. Darah
Kanker invasif penetrasi P. Limfe menyebar
ke Organ tubuh
Cara Metastasis
Penyebaran kanker terjadi melalui
1. Langsung rongga tubuh dan permukaan
2. P. Limfe
3. Hematogen
Pathways of Spread:
1. Direct Spread
2. Body cavities
3. Blood vessels
4. Lymphatic vessels