1

PLAN, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BANK BUILDING

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

R.PAGALAVAN [713314103311]

K.VIKRAM RAJA [713314103102]

P.PRABAKARAN [713314103058]

K.RAJU [713314103067]

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

CIVIL ENGINEERING

SNS COLLEGE ENGINEERING

COIMBATORE- 641 107.

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI-600 025

OCTOBER- 2017.
 2

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600025

OCTOBER 2017

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

OF BANK BUILDING”is the bonafide work of “R. PAGALAVAN , K.
VIKRAM RAJA, P. PRABAKARAN and K. RAJU” who carried out the
design project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.A.Velumani Ms.S.Sathya

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

Department of civil Engineering, Department of civil Engineering,

SNS College of Engineering, SNS College of Engineering,

Coimbatore-641107 Coimbatore-641107.

Submitted for the university Examination held on ________

EXTERNAL EXAMINER INTERNAL EXAMINER

 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We thank our management for making avail every possible facilities in this institution
during the completion of our project.

We thank Dr.C.KALAIARASAN, principal, SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

Coimbatore for having provided the necessary facilities to carry out this project.

We take immense pleasure and professional guidance on expressing my heartfelt

thanks to Dr, A.VELUMANI, HOD of the department of civil engineering for this valuable
guidance, suggestion and encouragement at various stages of study for completing this
project work.

We are thankful to our Guide Ms.S.SATHYA, Assistant professor, Department of

Civil engineering for involvement and guidance in this work which helped us effectively.

We express our sincere thanks to all the teaching and non teaching staffs for the
successful completion of this project work.

We are grateful to all our friends of final B.E Civil for their support to complete the
project.

We are also extremely thankful to our parents for their encouragement for carrying out
this project.

I
 4

ABSTRACT

The importance of education is clearly emphasized through the people of modern

society. Engineering education is the activity of teaching knowledge and principle related to
the professional practice of engineering.

Civil engineering is the „MOTHER OF ENGINEERING‟ and it needs specific and

ideal blocks. Such structure gives a pleasant appearance and fulfills the needs of students and
staffs.

Bank Building is designed by LIMIT STATE METHOD. Since Bank Building is

designed under zone-III, preferably in Coimbatore the seismic cause will be lesser
comparatively to other zones.

The proposed structure is analyzed and designed using STAAD PRO software and the
plan, section, elevation & reinforcement details are drawn by using AUTOCAD software.

Planning and analysis of an Bank Building is done in this project . This project is
selected by considering the growth and population of area that in need of an Bank in that
area. We have provided 4450sq.ft (78‟9”x59‟3”) depending upon the suitability of plan
layout and positioning of beams and columns and also the load calculation is done .

The foremost basics of design project is the design of components and members of the
building like slabs, beams, columns ,footing ,Septic Tank, and these code provisions IS 456-
2000, IS 875 (Part I, II) ,SP 16 :1980 . M25 grade of concrete & Fe415 steel.

II
 5

TABLE OFCONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I

` ABSTRACT II

LIST OF FIGURES V

SYMBOLS VI

1 INTRODUCTION 10

1.1 General 10

1.2 Objectives 11

1.3 Needs 12

1.4Scope of the Project 13

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 14

2.1 General 14

2.2Commercial Building 14

3 METHODOLOGY 16

3.1 Study area 16

3.2 Methodology 16

4 PLAN LAYOUTS 18

4.1 Overall Layout 18

4.2 Plan 19

4.3 Section XX & YY 19

4.4 Elevation 20

4.5 Column, Footing &Beam Layout 21

III
 6

5 DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS 22

5.1 Design of slab 22

5.2 Design of Beam 28

5.3 Design of Column 31

5.4 Design of Footing 34

5.5 Design of Lintel cum sunshade 40

5.6 Design of Septic Tank 47

6 ANALYSIS 50

6.1 STADD Pro Analysis 50

7 CONCLUSION 54

IV
 7

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO

4.2.1 Plan 19

4.3.1 Section XX 19

4.3.2 Section YY 20

4.4.1 Elevation 20

4.5.1 Column, beam and footing layout 21

5.1.1 Reinforcement details of slab 27

5.2.1 Reinforcement details of beam 30

5.3.1 Reinforcement details of column 33

5.4.1 Reinforcement details of footing 39

5.6.1 Reinforcement details of lintel 45

5.6.2 Lintel cumsunshade of BBS 46

5.7.1 Reinforcement details of septic tank 49

6.1.1 Node Diagram 50

6.1.2 Loading diagram 50

6.1.3 3D structural view 51

6.1.4 Geometry of section 51

6.1.5 Property of section 52

6.1.6 Shear section of bending 52

6.1.7 Deflection of section 53

6.1.8 STAAD analysis result 54

V
 8

SYMBOLS AND NOTIONS

A - Area

B - Breadth

d - effective depth

D - over all depth

DL - Dead load

Fck - Characteristic compressive strength of concrete

Fy -Characteristic strength of steel

Ld - development length

LL - Live load

L - Length

Leff - Effective span

Lex -Effective length about XX -axis

Ley - Effective length about YY-axis

Lx - Length of shorter slab span

Ly - Length of longer slab span

Sv - spacing stirrups

V - Shear force

W - Total load

Wu - Design load

W -Distributed load per unit length

VI
 9

WD - Distributed dead load per unit length

V - Shear force in concrete

Ʈ - Shear stress in concrete

Ʈv - Nominal shear in concrete

Pu - Axial load on the cross section

Ac - Area of the cross section

Ag - Gross area of the section

Asv - Total cross section area of the stirrups

Vu - Factored load shear force

M.F - Modification factor

Mu - Moment of resistant

Mud - Factored moment

Bf -Effective width of flange

DF - Depth of flange

TF - Thickness of flange

Z - Lever arm

LO - Design between points of zero member in a beam

DI - Depth of compression reinforcement from the high compressed force

Thk - Thickness

C/C - Centre to centre

VII
 10

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL

 A bank is a financialinstitution that accepts deposits from the public and

creates credits. Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly
through capital markets.
 Due to their importance in the financial stability of a country, banks are highly
regulated in most countries. Most nations have institutionalized a system known
as fractional reserve banking under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a
portion of their current liabilities.
 Banking in its modern sense evolved in the 14th century in the prosperous cities
of Renaissance Italy but in many ways was a continuation of ideas and concepts
of credit and lending that had their roots in the ancient world.
 Banking is an activity which involves acceptance of deposits for thepurpose of
lending or investing. In addition to accepting deposits and lending funds, banking also
involves providing various other servicesalongwith its main banking activity. These
are mainly agency services,but include several general services as well.
 A banker is one who undertakes banking activities, accepting depositsand lending
money for different purposes. The Banking RegulationAct, 1949 defines banking as
an activity of accepting funds from thepublic for the purpose of lending or investment.
 11

1.2 OBJECTIVES

A core feature of a stable financial system is that firms must be able to fail in
an orderly fashion – that is without excessive disruption to the financial system, without
avoidable interruption to the critical economic functions that these firms provide, and without
exposing taxpayers to losses.

This principle underpins the Financial Stability Board‟s international standard

for effective resolution regimes (the Key Attributes), agreed by G20 leaders in 2011. The
arrangements for the resolution of failing banks, building societies and investment firms in
the India are designed to comply with the Key Attributes.

 Ensure the continuity of banking services in the India and of critical functions.
 Protect and enhance the stability of the financial system of the India.
 Protect and enhance public confidence in the stability of the financial system of the India.
 Protect public funds, including by minimizing reliance on extraordinary public financial
support.
 Protect depositors and investors covered by the Indian financial services compensation
scheme (FSCS).
 Protect, where relevant, client assets.
 12

1.3 NEEDS

Shelter is a basic human need and productive investment. Easy accesses to

institutional finance at affordable rates are an essential pre-requisite for accelerating the
tempo of housing activity. This is more so in the eastern and north-eastern region where the
general level of income is relatively low.
It is, therefore, imperative that a specialized housing finance system – albeit as an
system – be created for this region for the development of new housing stock as well as for
the renovation, upgradation and expansion of the existing housing stock in the rural, semi –
urban and urban areas1. Out of the total outlay of Rs.97,500crores for housing in the 8th Five
Year Plan, organized sector is expected to contribute about Rs.25,000/- crores.
The emergence of a number of HFCs in organized and unorganized sectors has
brightened the economic scenario. The potential for the HFCs is vast. The success of HFCs
depends on how effectively they can tap resources.
Fortunately, during the last couple of years, lot of emphasis has been placed on
creating an integrated national housing finance system. With the creation of National
Housing Bank, an apex housing finance institution, housing finance has received added
impetus. In addition to the NHB are many housing financial institutions that are established
in India2. These include HDFC, HUDCO, LICHFL, Commercial banks and other housing
finance companies.
Banks can venture into informal housing by providing loans for upgradation of the
housing stock in a gradual manner over a period of years. The schemes for financing informal
housing can be combined with the schemes meant for employment and income generation,
which can result in the overall improvement in the living conditions of the poor. The informal
housing market also gives a chance for the banks to capitalize the absence of big existing
housing fiancé institutions.

Housing finance being a specialized activity, it is desirable to concentrate the activities

by selected banks rather than the indiscriminate involvement by all banks. As residential
housing loans do not create direct additional income, recovery of loan may prove to be
difficult even though loan may be adequately secured. There are many legal and other hurdles
to be tackled before substantial involvement of banks. At the same time, banks cannot stand
apart from housing finance particularly when many avenues of traditional lending being taken
away form commercial banks in the wake of financial innovations.
 13

1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

 To meet the financial needs of people, a separate category of banks known as
Regional Rural Banks have been set up in India. These banks are financed, Nature
and Scope of Banking by nationalised banks. The central government specifies the
local limits within which regional rural banks shall operate.
 The scope of the proposed study is restricted to Hyderabad divisions of both LICHFL
and HDFC. Hyderabad divisions of these organizations extend the facilities of
housing finance to its clients belonging to Hyderabad region in the State of Andhra
Pradesh.
 14

CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 GENERAL

This research paper is a literature review of the existing building retrofitting process.
It proposes studying the functional, technical, and organizational issues of the green retrofit
process. The purpose of this paper is to expand the domain of design framework for
retrofitting existing buildings.

2.2 COMMERCIAL BUILDING

In this section, it is proposed to briefly discuss the studies made in the past relation to
housing and housing finance both at National level and State level. Studies relating to
housing and housing finance were indeed, a subject of great importance and draw attention
both from the government and from the academic community as well.

The research literature relating to housing finance is very limited, due to growing
literature on industrial and commercial undertakings. The area of housing finance is of recent
emergence and there is acute shortage of written work in this field. The literature available in
this area is mostly by way of contributions in the form of statements by leading authorities
heading various institutions like HUDCO and National Housing Bank. The shortage of
literature in this vital area is evident by the Central Government thrust in formulating
National Housing Bank in 1988.
2.2.1 Review of Literature
“Bhardwaj” is one of the studies tried to bring out meaningful conclusion regarding
“human settlement problem”. After analyzing the nature of problems and renewing the
present efforts, he discussed the interaction involved between human settlements and family
well- being.
“Rama Rao” in his study stressed upon “The need to strengthen the policy with
regard to house construction materials and building services” in Andhra Pradesh.
“Khodaji” has stated that process of “Urban renewal that includes replanting,
redevelopment, conservation and rehabilitation”. In order to solve the urban crisis, there is
an urgent need for Urban Renewal Programme to be taken up by the developing countries.
 15

“Prabahavathi” and “Sharma” are of the opinion that “Development programme

for the weaker section housing” is not implemented in an effective manner as the innocent
poor, who are really deserving are deprived by the relatively educated, rich and well placed
people. These people have access to great deal of social and political systems both within and
outside slums.
“Verghese” has geographically described “The problem of housing the country”. A
study conducted by “Jayaram and Sandhu” shows problems, policy and perspectives related
to housing in India.
A detailed study of various factors in housing production, role of informational
community on technology transfer etc, has been conducted by Fish12. The researcher has also
studied the categories of and the difficulties, problems faced by the people of Chandigarh. He
made comparison and concluded that housing conditions in Chandigarh is better than that in
other towns in the country.
“Narad Naresh” has examined the various “Efforts made by Government of India
to improve housing infrastructure” for human settlements and legislative support.
A study conducted by “Sabir Ali” reveals that not only the “Basic services like
drinking water, electricity, toilets, roads and health are lacking in resettlement
colonies”in Delhi but the maintenance of these services and facilities are also poor.
“Miglani” in his study focused that the “Unpredicted growth of population and
labor force in urban areas has brought forth a number of problems in towns and cities”
of developing countries. He observed that measurement and magnitude of housing shortage is
typical and there is no specific criterion to define housing need and supply.
 16

CHAPTER-3
METHODOLOGY

3.1 STUDY AREA

Our project is located at Annur to Mettupalayam Road near Sakthi Theatre

3.2 METHODOLOGY

Proposed study is an empirical one and is based on both primary data and
secondary data.

1) Primary Data:
The primary data was collected from the Area Office of LICHFL, Hyderabadand
HDFC Main Branch, Hyderabad. Also data was collected from the branches of LICHFL &
HDFC located in Hyderabad. The data was collected from the LICHFL & HDFC from
selected loan applicants through a structured questionnaire based on the rational construct
criteria. The questionnaire is presented to a sample of 500 respondents representing the cross
section of the society from LICHFL and HDFC.

2) Secondary Data:
The sources of secondary data include Annual Reports, manuals, official records, and
other published sources pertaining to LICHFL &HDFC.Informal discussions held with the
 17

borrowers and officials to elicit the information with a view to gain deeper in-sights into the
operational aspects of housing finance in the selected areas of the study.

3) Sample:
There are many housing finance institutions in India. As it is difficult to cover the
beneficiaries of all the housing finance institutions, two major players in India like Life
Insurance Corporation Housing Finance Limited (LICHFL) and HousingDevelopment
Finance Corporation (HDFC) are selected for the proposed study. As many as 500
questionnaires were distributed among 500 beneficiaries of LICHFL and HDFC to obtain
information in Hyderabad region.

4) Statistical Tools:
The data collected will be analyzed in one way and two way tables and
through Statistical techniques such as percentages, averages and growth rates.
 18

CHAPTER – 4
PLAN LAYOUTS

4.1 OVERALL LAYOUT

 19

4.2 PLAN

Fig 4.2.1 plan

4.3 SECTION XX

Fig 4.3.1 Section - XX

 20

SECTION- YY

Fig 4.3.2 Section - YY

4.4 ELEVATION

Fig 4.4.1Elevation
 21

4.5 COLOUMN,BEAM AND FOOTING LAYOUT

Fig : 4.5.1 Column, Footing and Beam Layout

 22

CHAPTER – 5
DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

5.1 DESIGN OF SLAB

lx = 6.166 m

ly =5.231 m

fck = 25 N/mm2

fy = 415N/mm2

𝑙𝑦 5.288
𝑙𝑥 = 6.166

=0.85<2

Hence two way slab.

Step -1:Depth Calculation

Span/depth = (35x0.8)=28

6170/28 =D

D = 220mm

D = d+d'

D =D-d'

d =220-25

d =195 mm

Step – 2: Effective Span

1.Centre to centre of support

=6170+230 2+230 2

=6400mm

2.clear span +effective depth

=6170+195

=6365mm
 23

Step – 3: Load Calculation

self weight of slab =bxdx25

=1x0.220x25

=5.5KN/m2

Live load =3KN/m2

floor finish =0.5KN/m2

total load =9KN/m2

Ultimate load =9x1.5

=13.5KN/m2

Step – 4 : Bending moment

αX =0.047

αY =0.035
2
Mux =αx xWuxLx

=0.047x13.5x6.3652

Mux =25.70KN/m

Muy =αy xWuxLx2

=0.035x13.5x6.3652

Muy =19.15KN/m

Shear force

vux =0.5Wu Lx

=0.5x13.5x46.365

vux =42.97KNm

Step – 5 : Check for Effective Depth

Mux =0.13fckbd2

25.7x106 =0.138x25x1000xd2

d =86.30<195mm
 24

Step – 6: Reinforcement Details

i. Shorter span direction:

Mux =0.87xfy x Astxd[1-{(Astxfy)/bxdxfck}]

25.7x106 =0.87x415xAstx195[1{(Astx415)/1000x195x25}]

25.7x106 =70404.75Ast-5.99Ast2

Ast =377.13mm≈380mm

use 10mm dia

ast =𝜋 4x102

ast =78.5mm2

n =380 78.5

n =5nos

spacing =240mm

ii. Longer Span Direction

Muy =0.87xfy xAstxd[1-{(Astxfy)/bxdxfck}]

19.15x106 =0.87x415xAstx195[1{(Astx415)/1000x195x25}]

19.15x106 =70404.75Ast-5.99Ast2

Ast =278.6mm≈280mm

use 10mm dia

ast =𝜋 4x102

ast =78.5mm2

n =280 78.5

n =4nos

spacing =240mm
 25

Step – 7: Check for shear force

𝑉
ԎV = 𝑢 𝑏𝑑

3
Ԏv =42.95x10 1000x195

Ԏv =0.22

100𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 100x380 1000x195

𝑏𝑑
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 =0.194
𝑏𝑑
Ԏc =0.273x1.22
Ԏc =0.33N/mm2
Ԏc> Ԏv

Step – 8: Check for Deflection Control

𝑐 𝑐
Fs =0.58fy 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑

=0.58x415x(380│5x𝜋/4x102 )
Fs =233N/mm2
Pt =100𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑑

=100 ∗ 380 1000x195

Pt =0.194
𝑙
𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑓𝑐𝑘x𝐾𝑡
=25x1.22
𝑙
𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =30.5
𝑙 =6365 195
𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝑙
𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 =32.6
Hence deflection control is satisfied.
Step – 9: Torsional Reinforcement at Corners
Area of torsion steel at each of the corner is larger is computed:
=0.75xgreater value of Ast
=0.75x380
=285mm2
Length over which torsion is provided =1 5 𝑥6365
=1273mm

provided 10mm dia bars for 1273mm @corners

 26

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF TWO WAY SLAB

 27

Fig 5.1.1Reinforcement details of Two Way Slab

 28

5.2 DESIGN OF BEAM

D =400mm

d =360mm

b =250mm

Load calculation

Slab load =2.96x0.175x25

=12.95KN/m

Beam load =1x0.4x0.25x25

=2.5KN/m

Live load =3KN/m

Total =18.45KN/m

Ultimate =18.45x1.5

=27.7KN/m

2
Bending moment =27.7x4.51 8

=70.42KNm

Shear force =27.7x4.51 8

=62.46KN

Mu lim =0.138x25x250x3602

=111.78x106KNm

Hence under reinforced section.(singly)

Mu =0.87xfy xAstxd[1-{(Astxfy)/bxdxfck}]

70.42x106 =0.87x415xAstx350[1-{(Astx415)/25x250x350}]

70.42x106 =126367.5Ast-6.99Ast2
 29

Ast =560mm2

use 16mm

ast =𝜋 4*162

ast =201.06mm2

n =560 201.06

n =4nos

spacing =80mm

Check for shear force

𝑉
ԎV = 𝑢 𝑏𝑑

3
Ԏv =62.46 ∗ 10 250 ∗ 400

Ԏv =0.62

100𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑏𝑑= 100 ∗ 635 250 ∗ 400
100𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑏𝑑=0.635
Ԏc =0.635N/mm2
Ԏc< Ԏv
Hence safe.
Shear Reinforcement

vs =(62.46*103 )-(0.53*250*400)

vs =9.460KN

𝜋
Sv = 0.87 ∗ 4 ∗ 82 ∗ 4 ∗ 250 ∗ 400 9.460

=185mm

Spacing=240mm
 30

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM

Fig 5.2.1Reinforcement Details of Singly Reinforced Beam

 31

5.3 DESIGN OF COLUMN

BIAXIALLY LOADED COLUMN

L =3.65m

Column Size = 250 x 400mm

Load calculation

Wall load =15.95KN/m2

Total load on beam =18.45KN/m2

=34.45x1.63

=56.15KN/m3

Pu2 =34.45x1.55

=53.57KN/m3

Pu =Pu1 +Pu2

=56.15+53.57

=109.72≈110KN

Slenderness ratio

λ=3650 250

=14.66>12(long column)

Minimum eccentricity,

emin =3650 500 + 250 30

=15.6<20

No need to find eccentricity.

Non dimensional parameters

𝑃𝑢 110 𝑥10 3
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑 = 25x250𝑥400

Mu=Wl2/8

=110x103 x3.652/8

=183.18x103
 32

𝑀𝑢 =183.184𝑥106
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑2 25𝑥250𝑥4002

=
0.183

Assume cover thickness ,

d' =40mm

d'/D =40/250

=0.16

Pt/fck =0.08

Pt=0.08x20 =1.6%

100𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑏𝑑=1.6%
Ast =1.36x250x400/100
Ast =1600mm2

use 20mm dia

ast =𝜋 4x202

ast =314.15mm2

n =1600 314.15

n =6 bars

Ast(pro) =6x314.15

=1585mm2

Lateral ties:

i. 1/4 of main bar=24/4=6mm

ii. 6mm
iii. provided 8mm ties, Spacing of ties =250mm<300mm
 33

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF BIAXIALLY LOADED COLUMN

Fig 5.3.1Reinforcement Details of Biaxially loaded Column

 34

5.4 DESIGN OF FOOTING

Pu = 176.04 KN

Size of column = 250*400 mm

SBC =200 KN/M2

Fck =25 N/mm2

Fy =415 N/mm2

Area of footing calculation:

Assume ,

W = 10% of axial load P

P = 176.04 KN

W = 10/100x176.04 KN

= 17.604 KN/m

Total load = 176.04 + 17.604

= 193.64KN/m

Astreq = Total load/SBC of soil

=193.64/200

=0.96m2

Consider length of footing ,

L = 1.25B

Area =1.25xwidth of footing

=LxB

= 1.25BxB

= 1.25B2

B = 0.876m ≈ 0.88m

L =1.25xB

= 1.25x0.88

= 1.1m
 35

Area provided = LxB

= 1.1x0.88

= 0.968m2

Upward pressure,ps = P/A(pro)

= 176.04/0.968

PS = 181.85 KN/m2

Depth of footing

Projection : x = 1.1 – 0.4/2

X = 0.9

Bending moment at Y –axis

My =psx2 / 2

= 181. 85 x0.9682 / 2

My = 8.5 0 KNm

Factored of bending moment ,

M uy = M uyx 1.5

= 85.20x1.5

= 127.8 KNm

Mx = 0.138xfck bD2

127.8x106 = 0.138 x25x1000xd2

d = 192.46 mm

Provide 20 mm φ bar main Reinforcement

Preq = d ( req) + cc = φ/2

= 192.46+40+20/2

= 242.46mm

D pro = 2xD req

= 484.92mm

Provide 490mm overall depth

 36

d(pro) =D(pro)-Cc-φ/2

=484.92-40-20/2

D(pro) =434.92mm

=435mm

Area of steel calculation:

Muy/bd2 =85.20x106/1000x(4352)

=0.45N/mm2

From table no:2 sp:16

Pt =0.127

Ast-pt+bd =0.127/100x1000x435

Ast =552.45mm2

Spacing =ast/Astx10000

=240mm

Provide 20 mm at 250mmc/c

Projection

Y =0.88-0.25/2

Y =0.75

BM at x-axis

Mx =ps y2/2

=181.85x0.752/2

Mx = 51.14 KNm

Mux = Mxx1.5

=51.14x1.5

=76.71KNm

Eff depth req = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏

 37

= 76.71x10^6 0.138x25x1000

D(req) =149.11mm≈150mm

Provide 20mm dia

d(pro) =D(pro)-Cc-dia/2

=490-40-20/2

=440mm

Area of steel calculation

Mux/bd2 =76.71x102/(1000x4402)

=0.396N\mm2

Pt =0.112

Ast =Pt xPd

Ast =0.112x1000x440/1000

=492.8mm2≈495mm2

Spacing =ast/Ast x1000

=((314.6/4)x 202 x1000)/495

=300mm

Provide 20mm dia for 240 mm c\c.

Check for one way shear

Vu =1.5(Ps x shaded area-width)

=1.5[181.84(0.9-0.25)]

Vu =177.34KN

Ԏv =Vu/bd

=(177.3 x 10^3)/(1000x250)

=0.7092

100Ast/bd =(100x495)/(1000x250)

=0.198
 38

Ԏc =0.32

Vuc = Ԏc x b x d

=0.32 x 1000 x 250

Vuc =80KN

Hence safe

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF FOOTING

Fig 5.4.1Reinforcement Details of Footing

 39

5.6 DESIGN OF LINTEL CUM SUNSHADE

Data available:

Length = 1.5m.

Wall thickness = 250mm.

Live load = 2 kN/m2

Slab thickness = 195mm.

M20 and Fe415

Solution:

Assume overall depth of lintel is 150mm.

Effective span of lintel = l+d

=1.5+0.15

=1.65m

Height of wall above the lintel is 1.40m.

Height of load triangle = 1.65xsin600

= 1.65x30.5/2

= 1.4289m

1.42m > 1.40m

Hence the load of the slab will also be transferred to lintel.

Load calculation:

i)Weight of the wall = 0.25x1.65x19

=7.83 kN/m

ii)Load transferred by the slab:

consider 1m strip of the slab.

 40

1
= x(5.713x1)x2.0
2

= 5.713 kN/m

iii) Dead weight of slab:

1
=2x5.713x1x0.15x24

=10.28.kN/m

iv)self weight of lintel:

= 0.15x0.25x24

=1.08 kN/m

Total w = 9.405+5.713+10.28+1.08

= 26.47 kN/m.

Max bending moment = 𝑤𝑙x𝑙/8

=26.47x1.652/8

= 9 kN.m

Calculation of constants:

Kc =mc/mc+σt

= (13.33x7)/(13.33x7+300) = 0.237

Fc = 1-(Kc/3) = 0.921

1
Rc = 2xCxjcxKc

1
=2x7x0.904x0.237

= 0.763

Design of section:

𝑀
Effective depth = (𝑅𝑐∗𝑏 )0.5
 41

9000000
= ( )0.5
0.763𝑥300

= 120mm.

D =120+30 = 150mm

Effective depth = 120mm

Steel reinforcement:

𝑀
Ast =𝜎𝑠𝑡 ∗𝑗𝑐 ∗𝑑

6110000
= 230∗0.904∗120

= 244.9 mm2

3276 .5𝑥4
Number of bars = 𝜋𝑥 12𝑥12 = 2.89 =3 nos.

𝜋
Ast = 3x4 x122

= 339.3 mm2

Bendup bars at a distance of L/7

= 1650/7

= 235.71mm from the edge of the support.

Check for shear:

𝑤 .𝑙 26.47𝑥1.65
V= = = 21.83kN.
2 2

𝑉 21830
‫ح‬v = 𝑏.𝑑 = 300𝑥120 =0.6 N/mm2

Ast = 339.3 mm2

339.3
Percentage of Ast= 300𝑥120 x100

= 0.94%

‫ح‬c = 0.39 N/mm2

 42

‫ح‬v >‫ح‬c

Shear reinforcement is required.

Shear strength Vs = V-Vc

= (21.83x103) – (0.39x300x120) = 7.79 kN

i)Vs1 = σsvxAstxsin α

= 300x339.3xsin450

= 71.97 kN.

1
ii)Vs2 = xVs
2

= 3.895 kN.

𝜋
Asv = 2x4 x82= 100.53 mm2

Spacing:

0.87x𝑓𝑦 x𝐴𝑠𝑣𝑥𝑑
Sv = 𝑉𝑠2

0.87x415x339.3x120
= 3895

= 377mm.

Sv = 0.75x120 = 90 mm.

Sv = 300 mm.

Provide 8mm dia bars 2-legged stirrups at 90mm centre to centre .

Check for deflection:

𝑀1
1.3 𝑉 + L0 ≥ Ld

1
Ast =2 x339.3
 43

= 169.65 mm2

M1 = Astxσstxjcxd

= 169.65x300x0.921x120

=5.62 kN.m

V = 21.83kN.

𝐿𝑠
L0 = - x‟
2

150
= -25
2

= 100 mm.

4130000
1.3x +100 = 684.67 mm.
21830

Ld = 45xdia

=45x12

= 540 mm.

684.67 > 540 mm.

Hence safe.
 44

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF LINTELCUM SUNSHADE

Fig 5.6.1Rinforcement details of Lintel cum Sunshade

 45

Fig 5.6.1Sectional View of Lintel cum Sunshade

 46

Fig 5.6.2 BBS of Lintelcum Sunshade

 47

5.7 DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK

Known Data:

No of users =50 user/day

Rate of water supply = 150litre/head/day

Flow of sewage per day =70% of water supply.

Detention period =24hrs.

Step -1: Design

Tank capacity Required:

Flow of sewage =70 100 x150

=1025litres/head/day.

Flow of sewage /day =50x100 1000

=5m3/day

Tank capacity required =5x24 24

=5m3

Spacing reequired for sludge storage per person(for changing period of 2 year)

=0.0708m3 per person.

=0.0708x50=3.54m3

Total capacity required =5+3.54

=8.54m3

Add 25% extra for future expansion =0.25x8.54

=2.135m3

Total design capacity required =8.554+2.135

=10.675m3

Let depth of liquid in the tank =2.5m

Plan area of link required =10.675 2.5

=4.27m2
 48

Assuming the length equal to two litre of the width

L=2B

LxB =4.27m3

2BxB =4.27

B=1.46m

L=2B

L=2x1.46

=2.92m

Provided=0.3m freeboard

Total depth =2.5+0.3=2.8m

Hence dimension of tank =2.92x1.46x2.8m

Step – 2: Check for Spacing

Sedimentation volume of clear spacing of 0.3

=0.3x4.27

=1.28m3

Slum storage @0.01m3/person =0.01x50

=0.5m3

Sludge digestion @ 0.028m3/person =50x0.028

=1.4m3

Sludge storage @0.0708m3 /capacity for 2 years =50x0.0708

=3.54m3

Total spacing required =1.28+0.5+1.4+3.54

=6.72<10.675m3

Hence ,design is safe.

 49

Fig 5.7.1Plan and Sectional View of Septic Tank

 50

CHAPTER-6
ANALYSIS

6.1 STAAD Pro Analysis

Fig 6.1.1 Node Diagram

Fig 6.1.2 Loading Diagram

 51

Fig 6.1.3 3D View of Structural Members

Fig 6.1.4Geometry of Structure

 52

Fig 6.1.5 Properties of Beam Member

Fig 6.1.6 Shear Bending in Structure

 53

Fig 6.1.7 Deflection in Critical Members

Fig 6.1.8 Analysis Result of Analyzed Structure

 54

7.1 CONCLUSION
 A review of existing designs and section details of the structure.

 A provision of literature review of bank building is given.

 A provision of literature on the building block of Slab ,Beam&Column,Footing.

 A provision of complete details regarding the project including plan, section and
elevation.

 Footings are specially designed with codal provisions.

 Septic tank is designed for 50 persons/day usage.

 Analysis of Structure is done using STAAD Pro Analysis Software.

 55

REFERENCE

1. Design of reinforced concrete structures ( third edition ) by N.KRISHNA RAJU

2. P.C.VARGEESH, Limit state design of reinforced concrete structure, Krishna

Publications Pvt.Ltd.

3. KRISHNA MURTHY, D. Elementary structural design and drawing, C.B.S.

publishers and distributors, New Delhi, 1995.

4. Concrete hand book, The concrete association of India, cement house, Mumbai, 1969

5. Structural Analysis-Volume 1(third edition) by Dr.P.PERUMALDr.R.

VAIDYANATHAN

6. RAMAMRUTHAM, S Design of reinforced concrete structure, DhanpatRai and

sons, New Delhi, 1982

7. IS : 456 : 2000 Indian Standard Code of Practice for “Plain and reinforced concrete”
Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi

8. IS : 875 : 1987. “Indian Standard code for Practice for Design Loads for Buildings
and Structures,.” Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi

9. SP -16. “Indian Standard code for practice of Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete”,
Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.

10. RAMA RAO “The need to strengthen the policy with regard to house construction
materials and building services”.

11. VERGHESE “The problem of housing the country”.

12. JAYARAM and SANDHU “Policy and perspectives related to housing in India”.
13. NARAD NARESH “Efforts made by Government of India to improve housing
infrastructure”.