1/20/2017

1 D Steady State
Conduction
BITS Pilani Pratik N Sheth
Pilani Campus Department of Chemical Engineering

Contents

• Problem on Multi layer Plane wall with parallel resistance

• 2.4

• Cylindrical System
• Heat loss calculation
• Critical Thickness of Insulation

• Energy Equation Development

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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Prob 2.4

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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 1/20/2017

Heat loss without and with

insulation
• Consider a pipe of 5 cm diameter and at 200 ˚C. There
are two options for insulating material (asbestos (k =
0.17 W/m C) and fibre glass (k = 0.05 W/m C). The pipe
is exposed to the room air at 20 ˚C with h = 3 W/m2 ˚C
• Calculate the heat loss per unit length for following cases
• Without insulation

• Asbestos insulation with thickness of 2.5 cm.

• Fibre glass insulation with thickness of 2.5 cm

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Critical Thickness of
Insulation
• Let us consider a layer of insulation which might be
installed around a circular pipe. The inner temperature of
the insulation is fixed at Ti, and the outer surface is
exposed to a convection environment at T∞.

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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 1/20/2017

Critical Thickness of
Insulation
• To determine the outer radius of the insulation r0, which
will maximize the heat transfer
• The maximization condition

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Heat loss without and with

insulation
• Consider a pipe of 5 cm diameter and at 200 ˚C. There
are two options for insulating material (asbestos (k =
0.17 W/m C) and fibre glass (k = 0.05 W/m C). The pipe
is exposed to the room air at 20 ˚C with h = 3 W/m2 ˚C
• Calculate the heat loss per unit length for following cases
• Without insulation

• Asbestos insulation with thickness of 2.5 cm.

r0 = k/h
= (0.17/3) m
= 5.67 cm
Outer radius < r0
• Fibre glass insulation with thickness of 2.5 cm
r0 = k/h
= (0.05/3) m
= 1.67 cm
Outer radius > r0 Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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Critical Thickness of
Insulation
• If the outer radius is less than the value given by critical
r0, then the heat transfer will be increased by adding
more insulation.
• For outer radii greater than the critical value an increase
in insulation thickness will cause a decrease in heat
transfer.
• The central concept is that for sufficiently small values of
h the convection heat loss may actually increase with the
addition of insulation because of increased surface area.

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Critical Thickness of
Insulation for Sphere
• Let us consider a layer of insulation which might be
installed around a sphere. The inner temperature of the
insulation is fixed at Ti, and the outer surface is exposed
to a convection environment at T∞.

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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Energy Equation Development

• Temperature profile in cylindrical and spherical system?

• Shell Energy Balance

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Energy Balance Equation

Development

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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Energy Equation Development

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Cylindrical and Spherical

System

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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Thanks

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus