The Skull 颅骨

Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou

Medical University

Wang Deguang
deguangwang@xzhmu.edu.cn
2016 09
cerebral skeleton
脑颅骨（8）

facial skeleton
面颅骨（15）

lateral aspect
 2 1 Frontal bone 额骨
1 2 Parietal bone 顶骨

3 Occipital bone
4 6 3
4 Ethmoid bones
5
5 Sphenoid bone

6 Temporal bone
Frontal Bone 额骨

frontal sinuses
额窦
 Occipital Bone 枕骨

basilar part 基底部

formaen magnum
枕骨大孔 lateral part 外侧部
occopital squama 枕鳞

枕外隆突 external
occipital protuberance
枕骨髁 occipital condyle
横窦沟 sulcus for
transverse sinus
Parietal Bones 顶骨
Ethmoid bone 筛骨
cribriform plate 水平板
perpendicular plate 垂直板
labyrinths 迷路
crista galli 鸡冠

ethmoidal
cellules 筛窦
Temporal Bones 颞骨

1 squamous part 鳞部
2 tympanic part 鼓部
3 petrous part 岩部
4 mastoid process 乳突

external
acoustic
pore外耳门
1

2
3 1 zygomatic process 颧突
2 articular tubercle 关节结节
3 mandibular fossa下颌窝

styloid process 茎突

stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔

1 mastoid air cellules 乳突小房

mastoid process 乳突
 tegment tympani 鼓室盖

arcuate eminence 弓状
隆起
internal acoustic
pore 内耳门

trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹

The Sphenoid Bone 蝶骨
a. body 体
b. greater wings 大翼
c. lesser wings 小翼
d. pterygoid processes 翼突
 1 foramen rotundum
圆孔

2 foramen ovale
卵圆孔
3 foramen spinosum 棘孔
4 hypophysial fossa垂体窝
 The Facial Cranium 面颅骨

1 maxillae上颌骨
2 palatine 腭骨
3 zygomatic 颧骨
4 nasal 鼻骨
5 lacrimal bones 泪骨
3
6 inferior nasal
conchae下鼻甲
1
7 vomer 犁骨
8 mandible 下颌骨 8
9 hyoid 舌骨
The Maxillae 上颌骨 1

body
4
processes
1 frontal processes 额突
2 zygomatic processes 颧突
3 alveolar processes 牙槽突 1
4 palatine processes 腭突
2
maxilla sinus 上颌窦
3
The Palatine Bones 腭骨
perpendicular plate 垂直板
horizontal plate 水平板
nasal faces 鼻腔面

posterior
aspect
The Inferior
Nasal conchae
下鼻甲
1 Zygomatic Bones 颧骨
2 Nasal Bones 鼻骨
3 Lacrimal Bones 泪骨

3 2

1
The Vomer 犁骨
 The Mandible 下颌骨
Body :
1 alveolar arch 牙槽弓
2 mental foramen 颏孔
rami
4 3
3 coronoid process 冠突
4 condylar process 关节突
1 3 4
5 mandibular foramen 下颌孔 2
5
mandibular canal 下颌管
The Hyoid Bone 舌骨
 The Skull View as a Whole
颅整体观
1. superior aspect of skull
冠状缝 coronal suture
矢状缝 sagittal suture
人字缝 lambdoid suture

Adult
Bregma fontanelles 前囟

lambda fontanelles 后囟
Baby
 2. posterior aspect of skull

external occipital
protuberance 枕外隆突

superior nuchal
line 上项线
二 Internal surface of calvaria 颅内面观

Sulcus of superior sagittal

sinus 上矢状窦沟
Sulcus of middle
meningeal artery
脑膜中动脉沟
anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝

Posterior border of
lesser wing of sphenoid

middle cranial fossa

颅中窝
Superior border of
temporal bones

posterior cranial fossa

颅后窝
anterior cranial fossa

crista galli 鸡冠

cribriform
foramina 筛孔
 middle cranial fossa 颅中窝

hypophysial fossa 垂体窝

Sulcus of prechiasmaticus
交叉前沟
optic canal 视神经管
anterior clinoid process
前床突
carotid sulcus 颈动脉沟

dorsum sellae 鞍背
superior orbital fissure 眶上裂

foramen rotundum 园孔

foramen ovale卵园孔

foramen spinosum 棘孔

sulcus for middle meningeal

artery 脑膜中动脉沟
trigeminal impression 三叉神
经压迹
accurate eminence 弓状隆起

tegmen tympani 鼓室盖

 posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝
foramen magnum 枕骨大孔
hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管

clivus 斜坡
internal occipital protuberance
枕内隆突
Sulcus of superior sagittal sinus
上矢状窦沟

sulcus for transverse sinus 横窦沟

sulcus for sigmoid sinus 乙状窦沟
jugular foramen 颈静脉孔
internal acoustic pore 内耳门
The External Surface of the
Base of Skull 颅底外面
incisive foramen 切牙孔
hard palate 硬腭

greater palatine foramen

腭大孔

posterior nasal apertures

鼻后孔

jugular foramen 颈静脉孔

occipital condyles 枕骨髁

hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管
 external opening of the
carotid canal 颈动脉管外口

styloid process 茎突

stylomastoid foramen
茎乳孔

mastoid process 乳突

foramen lacerum 破裂孔

 The Lateral View of Skull
外侧面观
pterion 翼点

temporal fossa 颞窝

infratemporal fossa
颞下窝

pterygopalatine fossa
翼腭窝
Front view of skull 前面观
Orbit 眶

1 apex 尖

2 base 底

3 walls 壁
Superior wall :
lacrimal fossa 泪腺窝

Lateral wall

Superior & inferior

orbital fissure 眶上/下裂

Inferior wall
infraorbital
groove/canal/foramen
眶下沟/管/孔

Medial wall
fossa for the lacrimal sac 泪囊窝
Communication 连通
Optical canal middle
cranial fossa
Infraorbital foramen

infraorbital fissure
infratemporal fossa
pterygomaxillary
fissure

Nasal cavity
The bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔
superior/middle
conchae/ inferior nasal
concha 鼻甲

the superior
/middle / inferior
meatus 鼻道
supreme nasal
meatus 上鼻道
 Paranasal Sinus

frontal sinuses 额窦
middle meatus 中鼻道
mxilla sinus 上颌窦
ethmoidal
sinuses 筛窦 superior meatus 上鼻道

sphenoidal sinuses Sphenoethmoid recess

蝶窦 蝶筛隐窝
鼻旁窦 The paranasal sinuses
Runners take part in the "Naked Run" at the Olympic
Forest Park in Beijing, on Feb 28, 2016. The running
event aims to promote environmental protection
awareness and hundreds of runners took part.