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Physics

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(Mathematical Tools)
(Class 11)
Physical constants
 Mass of an electron (Me) = 9.1x10-31kg.
 Mass of a proton ( Mp) = 1.6725 x 10-27kg.
 Mass of a neutron (Mn) = 1.6746 x 10-27kg.
 Charge of an electron (e) = -1.6 x 10-19c
 Speed of light in vacuum (c) = 3 x108 m/sec.
 Planck Constant (h) = 6.6256 x 10-34 J x sec.
 Universal Gravitation constant (G) = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/ kg2.
 Avogadro Number (NA) = 6.023 x1023 mol-1.
 Boltzmann constant (K) = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K
 Stefan Constant (σ) = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4.
 Wien Displacement Constant (b) = 2.898 x10-3 m K
 Solar Constant (S) = 1.388 x 103 W m-2
 Mass of the sun (MS) = 2x 1030kg.
 Mass of the earth (ME) = 5.98x 1024kg
 Radius of the earth (Re) = 6400 Km. = 6.4x106m.
 Density of earth = 5.522x103kg/m3.
 Average angular velocity of the earth = 7.29x 10-5rad./sec
 Average distance between the sun and earth = 1.5x1011m.
 Average distance between moon and the earth =3.84x 108m.
 Magnetic Moment of the earth = 6.4x 1021 Amp. X m2.

Conversion Coefficients
 1Light year = 9.46x1015m.
 1 A.U. = 1.496 x 1011m.
 1Å = 10-10m.
 1 Pound = 0.4536kg = 453.6 gm
 1 Fermi = 10-15m.
 1 C.S.L. = 1.4 x Mass of the sun.
 1 Shake = 10-8sec
 1ev = 1.6 x10-19 Joule.
 1 Horse Power = 746 Watt.

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1
Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Mathematical Tools)
(Class 11)

Quadratic Equation
An equation of second degree is called a quadratic equation.
It is of the form
ax2 + bx + c =0
The roots of a quadratic equation are
X = -b ±(b2 + 4ac)1/2
2a

Binomial Theorem
If n is any integer, positive or negative or a fraction and x is any real number,
then
( 1+x)n = 1 + nx + n(n-1)x2 + .. .
Ị2
If IxI <<1 , then (1+x)n = 1+ nx.

Mensuration
 Area of a circle = 𝜋 r2 =π D2/4

 Surface area of a sphere = 4πr2 = πD2


 Volume of a sphere = 4/3 πr3
 Surface area of a cylinder = 2πr(r+l)
 Volume of a cylinder =π r2 l
 Curved surface area of a cone = πrl
 Volume of a cone = 1/3πr2h
 Surface area of a cube = 6x(side)2
 Volume of a cube = (side)3

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2
Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Mathematical Tools)
(Class 11)
Fundamental Trigonometric relations
1
Cosec =
Sinθ
1
Sec =
Cosθ
Cosθ 1
Cot = =
Sinθ Tanθ
Sinθ
Tan =
Cosθ
Sin2 + Cos2 =1

1+ tan 2 =Sec2

1+ Cot2 = Cosec2

Sin(A+B) = SinACosB + CosASinB


Cos (A + B) = CosACosB – SinASinB
Sin (A – B) = SinACosB – CosASinB
Cos (A – B) = CosACosB + SinASinB
TanA+TanB
Tan(A + B) = 1−TanATanB

Sin 2A = 2SinACosA

Cos 2A = 2Cos2A – 1=1- 2Sin2A = Cos2A – Sin2A

Sin (A+B) + Sin(A-B) = 2 SinACosB


Cos(A+B) + Cos (A-B) = 2CosACosB
(C+D) (C−D)
CosC + CosD = 2Cos Cos )
2 2

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3
Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Mathematical Tools)
(Class 11)
Logarithms
Logamn = Logam + Logan
𝑚
Loga ( ) = Logam - Logan
𝑛
Logam = Logbm x Logab
Log10103 = Log101000 = 3
Loga1 = 0
Logaa = 1

Average Values
< Sinθ> = 0 , < Cosθ> = 0
< Sin2 >= ½
< Cos2 θ > = ½

Approximate Values
If angle ( ) small then 0
Sinθ
Cos 1
Tan

Differential Formulae
 Differentiation of a constant is zero
𝑑𝑐
=0
𝑑𝑥
d(cy)
 dx
= cdy
dx
𝑑(𝑥 𝑛 )
 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥
d[f(x)±g(x)] df(x)
 = ± dg(x)
dx
dx dx
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4
Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Mathematical Tools)
(Class 11)

d{f(x)g(x)} f(x)dg(x) g(x)df(x)


 = +
dx dx dx

𝑑𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) −𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 { ( )} =
𝑑𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 {𝑔(𝑥)}2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑒 𝑥
 = 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢
 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑥 1
 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 (𝑎𝑥 )
 = 𝑎 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑥 1
 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑(sin 𝑥)
 = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑(cos 𝑥)
 = − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑(tan 𝑥)
 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑(cot 𝑥)
 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥)
 = −cosec 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥)
 = sec 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
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5
Physics
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Mathematical Tools)
(Class 11)
Integral Formulae
 ∫dx =x +c Where c = constant
𝑥 𝑛+1
 ∫xn+1
dx = +𝐶
𝑛+1
 ∫dx/x = logex +c
 ∫Sinx dx = - Cosx +c
 ∫Sin ax dx = -Cos ax
a
 ∫ Cos x dx = Sin x +c
 ∫Sec2x dx = tan x +c
 ∫ Cosec2x dx = -Cot x +c
 ∫ Sec x tan x dx = Sec x +c
 ∫Cosec x Cot x dx = - Cosec x + c
 ∫ ex dx = ex +c

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