HAP

HAP 4.4
4.4 Basic
Basic Training
Training Seminar
Seminar
HAP 4.4 Basic Training Seminar

Introductions
Your name and company name

How many years in the HVAC business?

What is your level of experience with this

software?
 CARRIER’S E20-II DESIGN SOFTWARES

 Block Load Program

 Refrigerant Piping Program
 Chilled Water Piping Program
 Duct Design Program
 Hourly Analysis Program
 WHAT IS HAP?
 HAP is a computer tool which assists
engineers in designing HVAC System,
for commercial Buildings.
 First, it is a tool for estimating loads
and designing systems.
 Second, it is a tool for simulating
energy use and calculating energy
costs.
 Summary reports can be used to
compare building design alternatives
 TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP

 System
Design
Mode
 TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP

 Enabling
Energy
Analysis
Option
 TWO OPERATING MODES IN HAP

 Energy
Analysis
Mode
HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES

 Easy to use load calculation.

 System-based design (sizing
based on equipment type.
 Based on ASHRAE Transfer
Function Method for load
calculation
HAP SYSTEM DESIGN LOAD FEATURES

 Calculate design cooling and

heating loads for spaces, zones
and coils in the HVAC System.
 Determines required airflow rates
for spaces zones and system.
 Size chillers and boilers.
 HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES

 Uses detailed 8,760 hour-by-hour

energy simulation technique for
energy analysis.
 Exceeds to minimum requirements
for the energy cost budget
compliance path for ASHRAE
Standard 90.1
 Models different types of electric
and fuel rates.
 HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES
 Simulate hour-by-hour operation
of all HVAC systems in the
building.
 Simulate hour-by-hour operation
of all plant equipment in the
building.
 Simulate hour-by-hour operation
of non-HVAC systems, for
example lighting and appliances.
 Calculate total annual energy use
and energy cost.
 HAP ENERGY ANALYSIS FEATURES

 Generate tabular and graphical

energy reports of hourly, daily,
monthly and annual data.
 Estimates the total emission of
CO2, SO2 and NOX due to the
consumption of energy and
fuel.
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 4:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00
HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
 PROJECT MODELING
Energy Simulation Only
• Project
Modeling
BUILDING
• Building Block
Approach PLANT EQUIPMENT
AIR SYSTEMS

ZONES

SPACES

ELEMENTS
 ELEMENTS

 The Smallest Segment of the Load

 People, Lights, Other Watts, Walls,
Roofs, Floors, Etc.
 Internal Load Elements Can Be
Scheduled
 Proper ASHRAE TFM Equations
are Applied to each Element
 SPACES

 Smallest Area of the Building That

You Can Input
 Allows Collection of Thermal Loads
From the Elements
 Can be One Room, or a Series of
Rooms Depending on Your Goal
 May or May NOT Have a Thermostat
 ZONES

 Group of One or More Spaces

Sharing One Thermostat
 Single Zone Constant Volume
(SZCV) Systems - Direct Control of
Compression
 Multiple Zone Systems Sub-Zone
Control Example: VAV Box Damper
 AIR SYSTEMS

 Equipment and Controls That

Provide Conditioning to a
Region of a Building
 Can Serve Up To 100 Zones
 Most Typically Represents an
Air Handling System,
Packages Rooftop Units or
Split systems
 Effect of Control System is
Considered
 PLANTS
 Equipment & Controls Providing
Cooling and/or Heating to Coils in
one or more air systems
 Examples: Chiller Plants, Hot Water
Boiler Plants and Steam Boiler
Plants
 User Models “Generic” or Specific
“User-defined “
 Can Serve Up To 250 Air Handlers
 BUILDINGS

 A Sum of all HVAC and Non-HVAC

Systems to Estimate Operating
Costs
 Utility Rate Structures Applied
 Miscellaneous Building Energy
Consumption
 Energy Reports in Dollars
 DATA LIMITS FOR ENTITIES
Sl. # Data Entity Limit Per Project
1. Spaces 1,200
2. Zones Per Air System 250
3. Systems 100
4. Plants 100
5. Walls Unlimited
6. Roofs Unlimited
7. Windows Unlimited
8. Doors Unlimited
9. External Shading Geometries Unlimited
10. Schedules Unlimited
 WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP
 Define the Scope and Objectives of
the design analysis
 Gather data about the building,
weather and the equipment
 Enter the data into HAP
• Create Project
• Define Weather Data
• Enter Construction Materials
• Enter Schedules
• Enter Space Data
 WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP

 Enter Air System Data

 Enter Plant Data
 Use HAP to generate system
and plant design
 Select equipment from E-
CAT.
 WORK STRATEGY TO USE HAP

For performing Energy Analysis:

 Enter Utility Rate Data
 Enter Building Data
 Generate Simulation Report
 Evaluate Results
HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
 System Requirements
 System Requirements (Minimum):
• Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT (Service Pack 4
or later), ME, 2000 or XP.
• 80486 Or Higher Microprocessor
• 25 to 30 Megabytes Space on Hard Drive.
• VGA with at least 800 x 600 resolution and 256
colors.
• At least 128 MB of RAM.
• A Mouse
• CD-ROM Drive
 Installation & Data Management
• Creates E20-II
Folder and
Subfolders
– Archives
– Enviro
– HAP 4.4
– Code
– Project
– Temp
– Weather
STARTING HAP 4.40
Windows Start Bar

Programs

Carrier E-cat and E20-II Programs

Hourly Analysis Program
 SPLASH SCREEN

OK
 PROGRAM SCREEN

• Auto Prompt to
Open Existing
Project (Listed in
Selection Window)
 MAIN PROGRAM WINDOW
Title bar

Menu bar Bubble Bar

Explorer Grid

Status bar

Details Grid
 PROJECTS
 A “Project” contains data related
to a specific job.
 Create a separate project for
each job.
 Save a project either in the
default folder: E20-
II\Projects\ProjectName or
Specify a folder yourself.
 Projects can be archived to a
hard disk, to a zip drive or floppy
disks for safekeeping.
 Save a Project
• Project Template
– Save Project As
• Name New Project
• Create New Folder
– Note Drive and
Path determined
by user

Embedded
Path
 Archive/ Retrieve a Project
Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve or
Convert
 PROGRAM DEMO

 How to
Archive a
Project
HAP
 Convert a Project
• Converting Previous HAP
version Project Data
• HAP Data Source
– Archive
– Active
• Active
– Choose Project from list

Live Demo
 Import Project Data

• Importing HAP Data

– Project
– Import Data
– Select project to
import from
– Select ALL items to
import
– Click on Import
Button
– Confirm import
 Import gbXML Data
• Import
gbXML
 Publish, E-mail & Export
Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve or
Convert
• Import Features
• Publish, e-Mail and
Export
• Project Properties
• Project Path
 Publish, E-mail & Export

• Create Equipment
Tags
• e-Mail Project to
Carrier Sales
Engineer
• Select ventilation
standard
 Project Ventilation Standard

• Create Equipment
Tags
• e-Mail Project to
Carrier Sales
Engineer
• Select ventilation
standard
 Project Properties

Data Management
• Archive/Retrieve or
Convert
• Import Features
• Publish, e-Mail and
Export
• Project Properties
• Project Path
 Project Path
• Project list shows project name
and folder location.
• Sort alphabetically ascending or
descending on either the project
name or the project folder
• New “Find” button
– Used to find and add projects
that don’t currently appear in
your projects list
• Access project data across the
network and/or data recovery
situations.
 Find a Project

• How “Lost” or
“Disconnected” projects
can be reconnected to
the project list
• If project was deleted but
is still on the list, use the
Remove button to
remove the project from
your list.
• If a project was renamed,
moved or remapped,
then you can press the
Find button to search for
it.
 Find a Project
• On the Find Project dialog press
the Help button for an overview of
the dialog features
• The Change button changes the
search path from the default path
D:\E20-II\Projects to different
drives or paths specified.
• Permits sharing of projects when
users are running standalone
copies of the program. If a project
is saved to a folder on a shared
network drive. User can use the
“Find” feature to locate the project
and add it to his project list.
 Net work Installation
• The Carrier software has the following
capabilities in a network environment.

 The software is network aware.

 It permits sharing of data among users.
 It permits sharing of programs among users.
 It permits sharing of printers among users.
 It is not client/server software.
 It does not permit concurrent access to data.
Installation & Data Management

Installing the Software

On Windows 32 or 64 Bit OS
• Log in as the Network Administrator.
Stand Alone: Install to Local Drive
Network Install: any Network Drive
When Prompted:
• Enter Company Name Choose
Operating Mode
• Assign Read, Write, Create and
Destroy Privileges
 Installation & Data Management
Stand Alone
HAP Installed on Local Drive
Project Data May Be Stored On Local
Drive Or The Network, But Only the
Creating User Can Access It.
User May Share With Others Via
Archive/Retrieve
Read, Write, Create & Destroy Privileges
Required To Create, Delete, or
Modify Projects If They Are Not
Stored On Local Drive
Installation & Data Management

Network, All Data Shared

Access To Any Project From Any
Terminal With HAP Installed
Projects May Be Stored On Any Drive
Desired
Read, Write, Create & Destroy
Privileges Required To Create,
Delete, or Modify Projects
Projects Protected From Simultaneous
Access By Users
 HELP
 Help can be accessed in 2 ways:

• By pressing F1 Key or • Through HAP’s Help Menu

 USING THE HELP SYSTEM IN HAP
Accessing Help
• The on-line help
system for HAP can
be launched
without running
HAP.
• Help sub-group
appears beneath
the “Carrier E-CAT
and E20-II
Programs” group.
 COMPARISON BETWEEN HAP & BLOCKLOAD
Sl. # Features HAP V. 4.40 Blockload V. 4.1
1 Load Estimating Method ASHRAE Transfer Same
Function
2 Schedule for People, equipment, TStats, etc. Available Not Available
3 All Types of Systems e.g., AHU, FCU, VAV, Available Not Available
VVT, FPB in Specific
4 Sizing of Chiller/Boiler Available Not Available
5 Option of space Available Not Available
6 No. of Zones/Spaces that can be entered 1200 150
7 No. of air Systems that can be Entered 250 50
8 Air system Components
Humidification Available Not Available
Heat Reclaim Available Not Available
Reheat Available Not Available
Economizer Available Not Available
HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
 WEATHER DATA

DESIGN LOAD
WEATHER ESTIMATING
DATA

SIMULATION ENERGY
WEATHER ESTIMATING
DATA
 DESIGN WEATHER DATA
 24-hour profile of Design Weather for ALL
12 months; DB, WB, and Solar
 Data is used to estimate design cooling
loads using ASHRAE Transfer Function
Methodology
 Source: 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of
Fundamentals
 ASHRAE Winter Design DB, Coincident WB
at 50 % RH are used for design heating
loads, facilitating Humidification calculations
 600+ Cities Globally (On HAP CD)
 WEATHER DATA SETUP
 Design Parameters
• Middle East, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
 Accept ASHRAE Defaults
• GMT -3 Hr., No Daylight Savings
 Design Temperature
• Monthly Max/Min (Use Program Defaults)
• Hourly Details (Use Program Defaults)
 Design Solar
• Design Daily Max. Solar Heat Gains (Use
Defaults)
 WEATHER SETUP MENU
 Select
Region
Region,
Location Location

and City for City

the project.

Use program Defaults

 WEATHER SETUP MENU

 Design Temperatures

Hourly
Detailed
Based on View
ASHRAE

Can be
Can be
User
User
Defined
Defined
 WEATHER SETUP MENU
 Design solar – Design Day Maximum Solar Heat Gains

Adjustable Multipliers
each Month
• Design Data
• System Sizing
– Coils
– Fans
– Boxes
• Energy Simulation
Uses These Sizes
• Hot Day for Each
Month
• Peak Cooling
Needs
• Cooling is a Time
Dependant
Calculation
• Heating sizing
Based on
Temperature
WEATHER SETUP DATA

Input
Demo
HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
 Wall, Roof and Windows Data

 Modeling the Building Envelope

 Walls, Roofs,Door and Windows
 Stored in Libraries
 HAP PROJECT LIBRARIES
Project Libraries
 Walls, Roofs,
Windows, Doors
and External
Shading
 Common
Construction
Types Editable By
User
 Custom Transfer
Function coefficient
Calculator
 Enter Wall/Roof Data
 Single UI for Defining Walls &
Roofs
 Total “R” and Overall “U” Values
Displayed on Input Screens
 Utilize up to 10 Layers per
Assembly to Create Necessary
Transfer Function Coefficients
 Allows for Much More Massive
and Complex Wall and Roof
Constructions
Windows & Glazing Types
 ENTER WINDOWS & DOORS

 Calculation Enhancements WINDOWS AND DOORS

Based on ASHRAE
procedures
 Store Unlimited Window Types
Per Project
 Single UI with Two Levels of
Detail
 Doors are now a Library
Component
 Shading Geometry is now
a Library Component
ENTER WINDOWS & DOORS
 SHADING – INTERNAL & EXTERNAL

 The Effects of Shading on Solar

Loads and Peak Times
 Internal Shading Effects
 External Shading Geometry
 SHADING – INTERNAL

INTERNAL SHADING
 Affects Solar Radiation in Two Ways
• Reduces Overall Transmission of
Solar into Building (Reflects Back
Out of Window) Reducing
Overall Shade Coefficient
• Changes Rate of Conversion
From Heat Gain to Cooling Load
(Storage Effect of the Mass).
 SHADING – INTERNAL

INTERNAL SHADING
 Solar Heat is Released Over Time to Room
Air and Becomes Cooling Load. The Shading
Device Absorbs Solar Heat Transmitted
through Glass. Shading Device is Less
Massive than Walls, Floor Etc., Causing Solar
Heat to be Converted to Load Much Faster
than if Solar Heat Was Absorbed By Floor.
 The First Effect Reduces the Total Solar Heat.
 The Second Effect Speeds Up the Conversion
of Solar Heat Gain to Cooling Load
 SHADING – INTERNAL
 Internal
Shade can
be defined
when
defining the
windows
External Shades
 EXTERNAL SHADE - OVERHANGS
• Overhang Height
– Vertical distance between top
of window opening & bottom
of overhang
– Zero for Conference Room
• Overhang Extension
– Distance from wall to outer
extension of overhang
– Zero for Conference Room
 EXTERNAL SHADE - FINS
• Fin Separation
– Assumes fins on both sides of
window
– Distance between window
opening & fin
– Zero for Conference Room
• Fin Extension
– Distance from the wall to the to
the outer edge of the fin
– Zero for Conference Room
 SHADING – EXTERNAL

EXTERNAL SHADING
 Addition of Shade Geometry as
a Library Component
 Permits Common Shading
Geometry For Reveals, Fins,
and Overhangs to be Reused
From Space to Space
SHADING – EXTERNAL
WALL CONSTRUCTION
ROOF CONSTRUCTION
WINDOW CONSTRUCTION
EXTERNAL SHADE GEOMETRIES
DOOR CONSTRUCTIONS
 SCHEDULES

 Real-time” Use of the Building

 Engineer Must “Interrogate”
Building User to Determine
“Turndown” of Loads
 Completely User Defined
 Graphic User Interface Input
Features
 SCHEDULES
Schedule Types
 Fractional
Schedules Define
Internal Load
Variance From
Design Each Hour
 Fan/Thermostat–
Switch from Occ to
Unocc Mode
 Utility Rate Time of
Day – Peak/Off
Peak Energy Rate
Schedule
 SCHEDULES

 Up to Eight Profiles
Per Schedule
(Used in both
Design and Energy
Simulation)
 HAP SCHEDULE TYPES
 Profiles may be
Assigned to ANY
Combination of
Day Types and
Months
SCHEDULES
 SCHEDULES
 Stored In Project
Libraries
 HAP LOAD SCHEDULES

Load Schedules
Design load Usage

LIVE
PROGRAM
VIEW

Load Schedules - Multiple Profiles

HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAM
 SPACE INPUT

 Smallest Area of the Building That

You Can Input
 Allows Collection of Thermal Loads
From the Elements
 Can be One Room, or a Series of
Rooms Depending on Your Goal
 May or May NOT Have a
Thermostat
 SPACE INPUT

 Input Spaces Thermally - Interior vs. Perimeter; North vs.

South; Etc.
 Accumulate Spaces Into Zones Later
 Allows the Most Flexibility When Playing “What If” Zoning Games
Later
 Computer Programs Need Enough Detail to Do It Right
 SPACE INPUT

• Space
 SPACE INPUT
General Tab
• Ceiling Height Links
to ACH Calculations
for Infiltration and
Zone Minimum
Airflow
• OA Ventilation by
ASHRAE 62.1-2004
Space Usage
SPACE INPUT
 Outdoor Air Flow Requirements

Some codes or standards define two requirements per

occupied space. One is typically on a per person basis to
address pollutants or odors. The second is typically on a per
floor area to address pollutants generated by materials in the
space such as carpeting and furnishings.
If the ventilation standard defines only one outdoor air
requirement, specify it and leave the second requirement value
as zero.
When values are specified for both outdoor air requirements ,
the program will sum the two ventilation requirements to
obtain the total requirement for
 VENTILATION
• Activity & use dictate how much fresh air.
• Use ASHRAE Guide lines

VENTILATION
Taken from ASHRAE table 2 of Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation
2.1 Commercial Facilities (Offices, Stores, Shops, Hotels, Sports Facilities)
Application Estimated Cfm/ Cfm/ Comments
Maximum Person sqft
Occupancy
P/1000sqft
Office Space 7 20 Some Office equip may need Local Exh .
Conference Rooms 50 20 Supplemental smoke removal equip.
. may be required.
Corridors & Utilities . . 0.05 .

Public Restroom - cfm/urinal 50 25 Normally supplied by transfer air - local

Locker or dressing rooms 0.5 mech exhaust - no recirculation .

Smoking Lounges 70 60 . .

Elevators . . 1.0 Normally supplied by transfer air.

13b_CSD401_ DesProjMan _Ver2.1a

 SPACE INPUT

Internals Tab
– Hyperlink to Schedules
 LIGHTING FIXTURE TYPES
• Fixture Type:
– Recessed, vented
• Located above ceiling
• Return air passes over lights
– Recessed, not vented
• Located above ceiling
• Return air does not pass over lights
– Free hanging
• Located below ceiling in the zone space
• Conference Room: Recessed, Vented
 LIGHTING

• Watts/SqFt of net floor area or Total

Watts
• Unoccupied Use
– The % used during unoccupied
period of day (When Equipment is
off)
• Wattage Multiplier (for fluorescent)
– 1.25 for ballast - standard efficiency
– 1.20 for ballast - high efficiency
LIGHTING- incandescent
MORE COMMONLY USED FLUORESCENT LIGHTS

E Ballast Loss = 0.2E

0.8E

0.8E = Rated Watt

Amps
Ballast = 0.2/0.8 =
25%
 OCCUPANCY/NUMBER OF PEOPLE
• People Density from ASHRAE
– SqFt/Person (Based on Net Floor
Area)
– ASHRAE = 7.0P/1000SqFt (Office)
– 1000/7 = 143 SqFt/P
• Activity Levels (6):
– 6th - User Defined
– Sensible & Latent Varies
With Activity
– Office Work
• 245 Sensible
• 205 Latent
 OTHER ELECTRIC
• Equipment in the Zone
– Computers
– Machinery
• Watts/sq. ft. of Net Floor Area:
Easily up to 0.5 w/sq.ft in offices
• Unocc. Use: 0 %
 MISCELLANEOUS LOADS
• Sensible & Latent from non-
electric sources
• Unusual Loads
– Gas-Fired Equipment
– Bunsen Burners
– Exothermic Reactions
– Evaporation
– Steam Leaks
– Piping, Tanks
– Zero for Conference Room
 SPACE INPUT

Define
Walls, Windows,
Shading and Doors on
the Fly
SPACE INPUT

• Define Walls, Windows,

Shading and Doors on
the Fly
 SPACE INPUT

 Define Schedules, Walls, Roofs, Windows and External Shading

Geometry on the Fly
 SPACE INPUT

 Multiple Door Types in a Space

 SPACE INPUT

Roof, Skylights
 SPACE INPUT
 Infiltration Option to Define in Air Changes Per Hour (Average Ceiling
Height Input added)
 Infiltration Input L/s /M². Now Refers to Gross Wall Area (NOT Floor Area)
 SPACE INPUT

Floors
 Transmission Below Grade

Ground Temperature near

the surface is close to the
outside air temperature,
but further down its value
varies between 45F to
60F.
There is very limited
impact on cooling load as
most of the heat transfer
is a heat loss.
SLAB FLOOR LOSS & WALLS BELOW GRADE
SLAB FLOOR ON OR BELOW GROUND

• Area: Area of slab floor

• Perimeter: Length of slab exterior
• Depth: Distance below ground level
• Program computes basement walls =
(perimeter x depth)

Top Floors - No Slab

 SPACE INPUT

 Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values

 Ability to Directly Specify Slab and Basement Floor “U”-Values
 Ability to Directly Specify the Basement
 Wall “U”-Value
 SPACE INPUT

Partitions
 Exposed Wall
 Partitions
Wall next to a space whose
Conditioned
temperature differs from the
zone design temperature Space

Example: Room next to

stairwell or a toilet
Partitions - Wall next
to Non Conditioned
Space
 SPACE INPUT SUMMARY
Space Inputs
 Majority of Input
Time Spent in
Modeling Spaces
 Hot Keys Linked to
Schedules and
Libraries
 Average ceiling
height - Volume
calculation for
infiltration air
changes
 1,200 Unique
spaces per project
(Multipliers allowed)
 SPACE INPUT

Right Mouse click on

Highlighted space
Gives You The:
• Ability to Duplicate
Spaces
• Ability to Edit Space
Inputs & Orientation
• Generate Reports
Hands-On
Workshop
 Space Inputs - Gymnasium

• Refer to handout material for

detailed gymnasium space inputs
SPACE INPUT

LIVE
PROGRAM
VIEW