Principles of Communication Systems

Lecture 06

Angle Modulation
FM and PM
Content

1. Time-varying frequency
2. Introduction to angle modulation
3. Relationship between FM and PM
4. FM bandwidth
5. FM modulation and demodulation

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1. Instantaneous Frequency

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Instantaneous Frequency

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2. Phase Modulation (PM) & Frequency Modulation
(FM)

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3. Relationship Between FM and PM

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FM Example

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PM Example

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Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

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Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

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PSK: Direct Modulation

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4. Bandwidth of Angle Modulation

kf
 FM Frequency fi  fc  m(t ) m p  [| m(t ) |]max
2
k f mp
 Frequency peak deviation in FM f 
2
kp m' p  [| m (t ) |]max
 PM frequency fi  fc  m (t )
2
 Frequency peak deviation in PM k p m' p
f 
2
 Deviation ratio f

B
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Narrowband FM

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Narrowband FM

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Bandwidth of Angle-Modulated Waves

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Tone Frequency Modulation

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Fourier Transform of Tone FM

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Wideband FM (WBFM) Bandwidth

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Wideband FM (WBFM) Bandwidth

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Wideband FM (WBFM) Bandwidth

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Frequency Modulation of Tone

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Bessel Function

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Example

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Broadcast FM

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5. NBFM Modulation

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NBFM Block Diagram

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NBFM: Bandpass Limiter

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NBFM: Bandpass Limiter

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WBFM Modulation: Direct Generation Using VCO

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VCO Using Varactor

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Armstrong’s Indirect Method

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FM Demodulation

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Derivative Theorem for Fourier Transform

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Slope-Detecting Filter

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FM Demodulator and Differentiator

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Envelope Detection using Ideal Differentiator

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FM Detection Circuits

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Advantages of FM

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Advantages of FM

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Noise and FM

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FM Preemphasis and Deemphasis

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FM Preemphasis and Deemphasis

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References

 John Pauly, Analog and Digital Communication Systems, lecture

notes.
 Lathi & Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communications
Systems, 4th ed

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