Biology Investigatory Project

Effects of Fertilisers, Manure and Polythene on therate

of elongation of the Hypocotyl
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that SHAHBAN ALIof Class XII Science has

prepared the investigatory chemistry project entitled “To Study the
digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of temperature
and pH on it”. The report is the result of his efforts & endeavors.
The report is found worthy of acceptance as final project report for the
subject Chemistry of Class XII. He has prepared the report under my
guidance.

(Mr. S.P. Gupta)

PGT (Chemistry)
Department of Chemistry
Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria.
 Department of Chemistry
Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria

CERTIFICATE

The investigatory project entitled

“To Study the digestion of starch by salivary amylase and
effect of temperature and pH on it”

Submitted by SHAHBAN ALI ofClass XII Science for the

C.B.S.E Senior Secondary Examination class XII of
Chemistry Practical at Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria has
been examined.

SIGNATURE OF
EXAMINER
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled

“To Study the digestion of starch by salivary
amylase and effect of temperature and pH on
it”, submitted toDepartment of Chemistry,
Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria is prepared by
me.

SHAHBAN ALI

Class XII Science

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express a deep sense of thanks & gratitude to my

project guide Mr. S.P. GuptaSir for guiding me immensely through the
course of the project. He always evinced keen interest in my work. His
constructive advice & constant motivation have been responsible for the
successful completion of this project.

My sincere thanks go to Shri Yeshdeep Rohilla, Our principal sir,

for his co-ordination in extending every possible support for the
completion of this project.

I also thanks to my parents for their motivation & support. I must

thanks to my classmates for their timely help & support for compilation
of this project.

Last but not the least; I would like to thank all those who had
Helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project.

SHAHBAN ALI
Class: XII Science
 CONTENTS

1. Certificate by Teacher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Certificate by Examiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Acknowledgement. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Material Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10. CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 Selection
The given topic was selected by me as I found this
to be achallenging task to complete and also very
important knowledge to gain from it. It is nowadays
noticed that in the pollution is increasing in our
environment, and it is extremely important for all of
us to know its effects on ourselves and the
naturalsurroundings. Plants are the only source to
purify our atmosphere and provide food to this
world. Even the carnivorous animals are indirectly
dependent on plants for their food.
It is very important for us to know the best way of
living in this universe without harming it and
ultimately living peacefully. Therefore, I have
selected this topic as my project as it gives the
answers to my questions.
 Contents
1) Objective............................................................
2) Introduction.......................................................
3) Materials acquired………………………………………….
4) Methodology………………………………………………….
5) Observation…………………………………………………….
6) Graph……………………………………………………………..
7) Results…………………………………………………………….
8) Data Analysis…………………………………………………..
9) Conclusion……………………………………………………..
10) Recommendation…………………………………………..
11) Bibliography…………………………………………………
 Objective

Main Objective: - To study the effect of fertiliser,

manure and polythene on the growth of the
hypocotyl of a seed.

Specific Objective:- Through continuous

observation of the growth of plants in fertiliser,
manure and polythene the most suitable soil
conditions for a typical plant can be observed. By
observing such soil conditions, the productivity
and growth of plants can be checked.
 Introduction
Three anthocyanins were found in Vigna radiata
(greengram) accessions with black seed coat, but
were absent in cultivars having green seed coat.
Vigna mungo (blackgram) had only one of them.
The same 3 anthocyanins were found in cultivars
with purple red hypocotyl of Vigna radiata
accessions but were absent in the ones with green
hypocotyls.Vigna mungo with purple red hypocotyls
showed the presence of two anthocyanins. One
common to both was identified as delphinidin-3-
glucoside and the other is probably cyanidin-3-
glucoside. Among the two accessions of Vigna
radiata varsublobata examined, one was similar to
Vigna radiata accessions with black seed coat
having delphinidin-3-glucoside and two other
anthocyanins, while the other resembled Vigna
mungo having only delphinidin-3-glucoside in seed
coat and both delphinidin and cyanidin-3-glucosides
in hypocotyl. Chlorophyll content of the seed coats
was in the following decreasing order: green, black,
brown and yellow.
 Materials
1)Pots- 3
2)Gram seeds – 10-12
3)Fertiliser
4)Manure
5)Polythene
6)Beaker
7)Soil
 Methodology
During the Making of this project, the following
steps were followed:-
 Pots, gram seeds, along with fertiliser, manure
and polythene and other materials were
brought and the pots were prepared to be
sown.
 Seeds were planted and watered. Fertiliser was
added to the first pot, named as ‘Pot A’.
Observations were recorded for that day.
 Manure was added to the second pot, named as
‘Pot B’ the next day.
 Polythene was added to the third pot, named as
‘Pot C’ the following day, and regular
observations were made.
 Watering and regular observation was being
taken for 27 days.
 After the observation of plants and their
growth, observation was compiled and data
analysis was made.
 Conclusion was drawn from the data analysis
for the three cases of planted gram seeds.
 Observations
Observations were recorded regularly for 27 days
and the following data was gathered:-
Number of seeds planted in
1)Pot A- 4
2)Pot B- 5
3)Pot C- 3
DAY 1 Length of Hypocotyl (in cm)
S. No. POT A(Fertiliser) POT B(Manure) POT C(Polythene)
1. 3½ 1½ 4 ½
2. 1½ 1 2
3. 1 ½ 1 ½
4. 1 (not germinated)

DAY 2
5. 8 2 7
6. 1½ 1½ 4
7. 2 1 4½
8. 1½ Not germinated

DAY 3
9. 2 5½ 11
10. 2½ 3 11 ½
11. 2½ 4 15
12. 8 6½

DAY 8
10 20 23
5 18 24 ½
2 16 25 ½
Died 20
11
DAY 9
12 ½ 22 25 ½
5½ 20 ½ 17 ½
2½ 18 25
14
23

DAY 10
 15 23 25 ½
6 22 29
2 20 ½ 24
15
25

DAY 15
18 25 ½ 24
15 19 ½ Died
Died 30 Died
24
Died

DAY 16
18 ½ 25 ½ 25
16 ½ 20
25
32

DAY 18 16 ½ 20 Died
Died 32
Died
Died

DAY 19
17 21 Died
35

DAY 27 Died 37 Died

 There are some gaps in the observation as the

school was closed during that time and I am
unable to record the observations.
 Graph

300

250

200
Day 27
Day 19
Day 18
Day 16
150 Day 15
Day 10
Day 9
Day 8
Day 3
100 Day 2
Day 1

50

0
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 1st 2nd 3rd
Pot A Pot B Pot C
 Data Analysis
According to the above observations, the following
analysis was made:-
 Due to access of fertiliser, some plants in POT A
died.
 Due to lack of water for some continued days,
some plants had dried.
 Seeds germinated in POT C died soon because
of polythene present in the pot, which
hampered their proper absorption of nutrients.
 Plants in POT B were best grown in height and
persisted for a long time.
 Growth of plants planted in POT A was medium
all over and can be considered as average.
 Water consumption by the gram seeds was
considerably low.
 Conclusion
From the above data analysis, following conclusions
can be drawn:-
 Access of fertiliser can be harmful for
germinating seeds. However, if used in an
appropriate amount, fertilisers can be beneficial
for plants.
 Growth of plants can be observed best in
manure, as it is a natural extract, and can supply
better quality of nutrients to the plants.
 Presence of polythene is harmful for plants,
and it hampers the pathway for the plants’
absorption of nutrients. Therefore, it can be
concluded that pollution can be very harmful to
the natural environment and, ultimately it
affects the humans.
 Lack of water is extremely undesirable when
plants or trees are growing, as water is an
essential part of their nutrition and is important
in the developmental process.
 Recommendation
Through the observations recorded and conclusion
drawn from the collected data, it is clear that,
planters should use manure the most in amount for
the proper growth of plants. Fertilizers are also
extremely useful for the growth of plants, but, if
used in excess amount, then it can be harmful for
the plants. Therefore, the amount of fertilizers used
should be checked. Also pollutants, such as
polythene, should be removed from the planting
area, as these pollutants are harmful for the growth
of plants and hampers their proper elongation.
Also, regular watering is an essential criterion for
growing plants, because this provides them with
necessary elements and compounds for
photosynthesis. At the same time, excess of water
should not be provided to the plants, because of
the probability of contamination.
 Bibliography

1)Ask.com
2)http://repository.ias.ac.in/
3)Class- 11th Biology Text Book(NCERT)