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How to Type Hebrew

By Jeff A. Benner

...with an English Keyboard


...with a Hebrew keyboard
...with UTF-8 Character Encoding
...with Graphics

...with an English Keyboard

The simplest method of typing in Hebrew, especially if you are just typing a few
letters or words, is to download a Hebrew font for the English keyboard (left to
right typing). These type of fonts work the same as any other font you place in
your computer, the drawback being that you have to type the Hebrew words
backwards. For example, in order to type the word ‫( אלהים‬elohiym) you would
need to type the final mem (‫)ם‬, the yud (‫)י‬, the hey (‫)ה‬, the lamed (‫ )ל‬and then the
aleph (‫)א‬.

Hebrew Fonts for the English Keyboard

To help with identifying the proper keyboard character for each letter in the fonts
listed below, download this handy chart.

Modern Hebrew: Also called the "Aramaic square script," this is the font that is
used today in Hebrew Bibles and books as well as the alphabet used in Israel
today. [Download]

DSS Hebrew (Late Semtic): This is the Hebrew script used in the Great Isaiah
scroll and is representative of the Hebrew found in most of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
[Download]
Paleo Hebrew (Middle Semitic): This is the Hebrew alphabet that was in use from
about 1200 BCE and into the first century CE. This font was created by
the Ebionite.org. [Download]

Moabite Stone (Middle Semitic): This is the script used on the Moabite stone,
which is written in Moabite, virtually identical to the Hebrew langauge and the
Paleo-Hebrew script. [Download]

Ancient Hebrew (Early Semitic): This is the original pictographic script used by all
Semitic peoples, including the Hebrews, prior to 1200 BCE. [Download]

Early Semitic: This font is similar to the "Ancient Hebrew" font above. It was
created by AHRC many years ago (before any ancient Hebrew fonts existed on the
internet), but is a little outdated as much better fonts are now available. We have
chosen to continue to offer it here as many are still using this font. [Download]

...with a Hebrew keyboard

The best method for typing in Hebrew is to add the Hebrew keyboard to your
computer. This will allow you to type in Hebrew from right to left. With the
Hebrew keyboard you can use various styles of fonts, much the same way you do
with the English keyboard. Here is the Hebrew ‫ אלהים‬in different standard fonts -
‫( אלהים‬arial), ‫( אלהים‬Times New Roman) and ‫( אלהים‬David).

How to add the Hebrew keyboard to your computer

In order to type in Hebrew (from right to left, using the Hebrew alphabet) you must
configure your computer. The following steps for various operating systems will
give you a step by step procedure for doing this.

Windows XP

1. Go to Control Panel, Regional and Language Options, Languages tab


2. Make sure that "Install files for complex script and right-to-left languages
(including Thai)" is ticked: If it isn't ticked, tick it and click OK, follow the
prompts to restart Windows, and start this process again.
3. Click Details button, click Add
4. Select Hebrew for the Input language and US keyboard layout from the
"Keyboard layout/IME" list, click OK
5. Click OK, OK
6. Use "Alt + Shift" to toggle between languages.

Windows Vista

1. Go to Control Panel, "Change keyboards or other input methods", under the


"Clock, Language and Region" option (in Classic View, select Regional and
Language Options, Keyboards and Languages tab)
2. Click Change Keyboards, click Add
3. Select Hebrew, and US keyboard layout from the "Keyboard layout/IME"
list, click OK
4. Click OK, OK
5. Use "Alt + Shift" to toggle between languages.

Windows 7

1. Go to Control Panel and select "Region and Language.


2. Click the tab "Keyboards and Languages"
3. Click Change Keyboards, click Add
4. From the list select Hebrew, and checkmark Hebrew under keyboard, click
OK
5. Click OK, OK
6. Use "Alt + Shift" to toggle between languages.
Windows 2000

1. Go to Control Panel, Regional Options, General tab


2. In the "Language settings for the system" box, make sure Hebrew is ticked:
If it isn't ticked, tick it and click OK, follow the prompts to restart Windows,
and start this process again.
3. Click Input Locales tab, click Add
4. Select Hebrew for the Input language, and US keyboard layout from the
"Keyboard layout/IME" list, click OK
5. Click OK
6. Use "Alt + Shift" to toggle between languages.

Mac

1. Open System Preferences


2. Click the International button
3. Click "Input Menu"
4. Scroll down until you see Hebrew, then put a check next to it
5. Put a check next to "Show input menu in menu bar"
6. To change the language to Hebrew when you type, click on the American
flag on the top right of the menu bar, and then select Hebrew. From now on
when you type with the Hebrew flag selected, Hebrew letters will show up.

Linux
Linux/*nix operating systems that have a modern 'x11' windowing system, can run
Gnome:

1. Go to System -> Preferences -> Keyboard


2. Go to the Layouts tab
3. Click Add
4. Go to 'by language' tab
5. On the _language_ drop down choose Hebrew
6. On the _variant_ drop down choose Tiro
7. Click Add
8. Now click 'Layout options'
9. Expand _Key(s) to change layout_
10. Default is both Alt keys together, which is probably a good option.
11. Your selected Keys will now cycle through the list of keyboard layouts that
you have set in Gnome's keyboard control panel.
Hebrew Fonts for the Hebrew Keyboard

To help with identifying the proper keyboard character for each letter in the fonts
listed below, download this handy chart.

Modern Hebrew: Once your keyboard is set up to type in Hebrew, it will


automatically type with Hebrew characters. However, there are plenty of fonts
available for Hebrew and if the "David" font is not already on your system, I
recommend it. [Download]

Paleo Hebrew (Middle Semitic): This is the Hebrew alphabet that was in use from
about 1200 BCE and into the first century CE. This font was created by
the Ebionite.org. [Download]

Ancient Hebrew (Early Semitic): This is the original pictographic script used by all
Semitic peoples, including the Hebrews, prior to 1200 BCE. [Download]

Typing Hebrew Vowel Points (Niqud)

To type Niqud in the Hebrew versions of Windows and Word, place the cursor
after the letter you wish to add Niqud to, enter Caps Lock mode, and press shift in
conjunction with one of the keyboard character identified in the chart below.
(Note: When multiple points are needed, their order is: First Dagesh, then Shin or
Sin Dot, then the vowel.)

‫א‬ Sheva ~ ‫א‬ Patah 7

‫א‬ Hataf Segol 1 ‫א‬ Qamats 8

‫א‬ Hataf Patah 2 ‫ׂש‬ Sin Dot 9


‫ א‬Hataf Qamats 3 ‫ ׁש‬Shin Dot 0

‫ א‬Hiriq 4 ‫ ֹו‬Holam -

‫ א‬Tsere 5 ‫ ּכ‬Dagesh =

‫ א‬Segol 6 ‫ א‬Qubuts \

...with UTF-8 Character Encoding

Besides using Hebrew fonts, an alternative is to use the Hebrew Unicode. Every
character, from the English alphabet to Russian Cyrillic and from the copyright
symbol to the upside down question mark used in Spanish, is assigned a number,
which when is preceded by "&#" appears in html coding as that character. For
instance, the unicode &#1488 will appear as ‫( א‬the Hebrew letter aleph).

HTML and word processors use special codes to add special symbols to the text.
An example is the copyright symbol "©" which is written with the unicode
"©." There are also codes for other languages including Hebrew that can be
added to most word processors and HTML documents. Below are the unicodes for
the Hebrew alphabet, the nikkud (vowel pointings) and other Hebrew symbols.
You can paste the code into an html document or the actual Hebrew character into
a word processor.

Hebrew Alphabet

‫ֹו‬ ‫ו‬ ‫ה‬ ‫ד‬ ‫ג‬ ‫ב‬ ‫בּ‬ ‫א‬


וֹ ו ה ד ג ב בּ א

‫ך‬ ‫ּכ‬ ‫כ‬ ‫י‬ ‫ט‬ ‫ח‬ ‫ז‬ ‫וּ‬


ך כּ כ י ט ח ז וּ

‫פּ‬ ‫ע‬ ‫ס‬ ‫ן‬ ‫נ‬ ‫ם‬ ‫מ‬ ‫ל‬


פּ ע ס ן נ ם מ ל

‫ׁש‬ ‫ש‬ ‫ר‬ ‫ק‬ ‫ץ‬ ‫צ‬ ‫ף‬ ‫פ‬


שׁ ש ר ק ץ צ ף פ
‫ת‬ ‫תּ‬ ‫ׂש‬
ת תּ שׂ

Hebrew Vowel Pointings

o o o o o o o o
ַ ֶ ֵ ִ ֳ ֲ ֱ ְ

o o ֹ o
ֻ ֹ ָ

Dagesh, Cantilation Marks, Punctuation, etc.

o ֽ o ֿ o ׁ o ׁ ‫׀‬ ‫׃‬ ‫־‬ o ּ


ֽ ֿ ׁ ׂ ׀ ׃ ־ ּ

‫״‬ ‫׳‬ ‫ײ‬ ‫ױ‬ ‫װ‬


״ ׳ ײ ױ װ

Using the unicodes in HTML

Here is the Hebrew Text for Genesis 1:1;

‫בּרׁשית בּרא אֹלהים את השמים ואת הארץ׃‬


Below is the unicode used for the above verse (I like to place one word on one line,
this will make finding a word for editing easier).

<Font face="david" size="+2">


&#1489;&#1468;&#1456;&#1512;&#1461;&#1513;&#1473;&#1460;&#1497;&#
1514;
&#1489;&#1468;&#1464;&#1512;&#1464;&#1488;
&#1488;&#1457;&#1500;&#1465;&#1492;&#1460;&#1497;&#1501;
&#1488;&#1461;&#1514;
&#1492;&#1463;&#1513;&#1473;&#1468;&#1464;&#1502;&#1463;&#1497;&#
1460;&#1501;
&#1493;&#1456;&#1488;&#1461;&#1514;
&#1492;&#1464;&#1488;&#1464;&#1512;&#1462;&#1509;&#1475;
</Font>

...with Graphics

Download the Hebrew Font Graphics zip file, which includes images for the
ancient, paleo and modern Hebrew alphabets. Unzip the file and place all of the
images in a folder, such as "hebrewgraphics," on your computer.

To add the graphics to a document, simply copy and paste the desired graphic or
graphics into your document and then adjust the graphic to its desired size.

To add the graphics to a web page use the following html code;

<IMG SRC="hebrewgraphics/ancient_aleph.gif">

Which will appear as follows;

Each font has a height of "100 pixels." By changing this value you can adjust the
size of the font in your web page, such as in this example where we will decrease
its size by half;

<IMG SRC="hebrewgraphics/ancient_aleph.gif" height="50">

And now the font will appear like this;

&#64305;

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