Quartiles (Grouped Data)

The values that divide the data set into 4 equal parts after it has been arranged in ascending
orden are called quartiles.The lowest 50% of the data set should be found below the secondquartile. It
is the same as the median, D5 and P50. Q3 , the highest quartile is known as the upper quartile.

Quartile Deviation (QD) means the semi variation between the upper quartiles (Q3) and lower quartiles
(Q1) in a distribution. Q3 - Q1 is referred as the interquartile range.
Formula:
QD = Q3 - Q1/ 2
Example:
Calculate the QD for a group of data, 241,521,421,250,300,365,840,958.
Solution:
Given data = { 241,521,421,250,300,365,840,958 }
Step 1:
First, arrange the given digits in ascending order = 241,250,300,365,421,521,840,958. Total number of
given data (n) = 8.
Step 2:
Calculate the center value (n/2) for the given data {241,250,300,365,421,521,840,958}. n=8
n/2 = 8/2
n/2 = 4. From the given data, { 241,250,300,365,421,521,840,958 } the fourth value is 365
Step 3:
Now, find out the n/2+1 value. i.e n/2 +1 = 4+1=5 From the given data, {
241,250,300,365,421,521,840,958 } the fifth value is 421
Step 4:
From the given group of data, { 241,250,300,365,421,521,840,958 } Consider, First four values Q1 =
241,250,300,365 Last four values Q3 = 421,521,840,958
Step 5:
Now, let us find the median value for Q1. Q1= {241,250,300,365} For Q1, total count (n) = 4 Q1(n/2) =
Q1(4/2) = Q1(2) i.e) Second value in Q1 is 250 Q1( (n/2)+1 ) = Q1( (4/2)+1 ) = Q1(2+1) = Q1(3) i.e) Third
value in Q1 is 300 Median (Q1) = ( Q1(n/2) + Q1((n/2)+1) ) / 2 (Q1) = 250+300/2 (Q1) = 550/2 = 275
Step 6:
Let us now calculate the median value for Q3. Q3= {421,521,840,958} For Q3, total count (n) = 4 Q3(n/2)
= Q3(4/2) = Q3(2) i.e) Second value in Q3 is 521 Q3( (n/2)+1 ) = Q3( (4/2)+1 ) = Q3(2+1) = Q3(3) i.e) Third
value in Q3 is 840. Median (Q3) = ( Q1(n/2) + Q1((n/2)+1) ) / 2 (Q3) = ( 521 + 840 ) / 2 (Q3) = 1361/2 =
680.5
Step 7:
Now, find the median value between Q3 and Q1. Quartile Deviation = Q3-Q1/2 = 680.5 - 275/2 = 202.75
1. Calculate the mean and standard deviation for the following distribution
X 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
f 3 6 9 13 8 5 4

2. Calculate the mean,.and standard deviation for the following distribution

Cumulative Frequency
Class Interval F
(cf)

4-12 4 4

12-20 24 4+24=28

20-28 21 28+21=49

28-36 18 49+18=67

36-44 5 67+5=72

iation for the following distribution

x 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
f 3 7 11 14 18 17 13 8 5 4

4. Calculate the mean and standard deviation for the following distribution
Class 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 35-30 20-25
f 25 30 40 45 80 110 170
GROUPED DATA EXERCISES

Exercise 1
For the following list, find the quartiles: -10, -8, -3, 0, 1, 2, 12.
Answer
Q1 = -8, Q2 = 0, Q3 = 2

Exercise 2
For the following list, find the quartiles: 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 30, 47.
Answer
Q1 = 0, Q2 = 3, Q3 = 20

Exercise 3
For the following list, find the quartiles: 10, 0, 1, -3, 4, 5.
Answer
Q1 = 0, Q2 = 2.5, Q3 = 5

Exercise 4
For the following list, find the quartiles: 12, 14, 7, 20, 18, 32, 50, 60.
Answer
Q1 = 13, Q2 = 19, Q3 = 41

Exercise 5
For the following list, find the quartiles: 2.1, 3.2, 0.8, 1.6, 4.2, 5.1, 0.4.
Answer
Q1 = 0.8, Q2 = 2.1, Q3 = 4.2
 Quartiles (Ungrouped Data)
In statistics, we usually deal with the large amount of numerical data. There are various concepts
and formulas in statistics which are widely applicable in different researches and surveys.
Quartile is also one of the very useful topic in statistics. The quartiles are defined as the set of
values having three points that divide the data set into four equal parts. Quartiles are the values
that divide a list of numbers into three quarters. The middle part computes the central point of a
distribution. It indicates the data which are nearest to the central point. Also, the lower part
indicates just about half of the information set falls under the median and the upper portion tells
about the half that falls over the median. Overall, the quartiles represent the distribution or
dispersion of the data.

Let us go ahead in this article below and understand more about quartiles and methods for
finding them.

Quartiles Definition
Quartiles divide the whole series into 4 equal parts. So there are 3 quartiles namely first
Quartile denoted by Q1, second Quartile denoted by Q2 and third Quartile denoted by Q3.
Second Quartile is nothing but Median. Since it denotes the position of the item in the series, it
is a positional average.

Quartiles Formula
Here, we will learn how to solve quartiles with the help of the quartiles formula.

Upper Quartiles
Upper quartile is nothing but the third quartile. The upper quartile (Q3) is the median of the
upper half of the data set. Where as the lower quartile is nothing but the first quartile. The
second quartile is also known as median.

Quartiles in individual series

When there are n number of items, Quartiles are given by

Q1Q1 = n+1th4n+1th4 item

Q2Q2 = n+1th2n+1th2 item
Q3Q3 = 3n+1th4n+1th4 item
Formula for the rth Quartile:

QrQr = l1+r(N4)−cf(l2−l1)l1+r(N4)−cf(l2−l1)

where, QrQr = rth quartile.

l1l1 = the lower limit of the quartile class.

l2l2 = the upper limit of the quartile class.

f = the frequency of the quartile class.

c = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the quartile class.

Finding Quartiles

Let us see with the help of examples, how to find the quartiles:

Solved Examples
Question 1: Find the quartiles of the following data: 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 22, 33.
Solution:

Here the numbers are arranged in the increasing order, n = 7

Lower quartile, Q1Q1 = n+1th 4n+1th 4 item

= (7+1)4(7+1)4 item

= 2nd item = 5

Median, Q2Q2 = n+1th 2n+1th 2 item = (7+1)2(7+1)2 item = 4th item = 7

Upper Quartile, Q3Q3 = 3 n+1th 4n+1th 4 item = 3(7+1)43(7+1)4 item = 6th item = 22

Question 2: Find the Quartiles of the following marks:-

21, 12, 36, 15, 25, 34, 25, 34
Solution:
First we have to arrange the numbers in the ascending order.
12, 15, 21, 25, 25, 34, 34, 36
n=8
Lower Quartile, Q1Q1 = n+1th 4n+1th 4 item = 8+148+14 item = 2.25th item

= 2nd item + 0.25(3rd item - 2nd item)

=15 + 0.25(21 - 15) = 15 + 0.25(6) = 16.5

Second Quartile, Q2Q2 = n+1th 2n+1th 2 item

= 8+128+12 item = 4.5th item

= 4th item + 0.5(5th item - 4th item)

=15 + 0.5(25 - 15)

= 15 + 0.5(10) = 20

Third Quartile, Q3Q3 = 3n+1th 4n+1th 4 item

= 3(8+1)43(8+1)4 item

= 6.75th item

= 6th item + 0.75(7th item - 6th item)

= 34 + 0.75(34 - 34)

= 34 + 0.75(0)

= 34
Solved Examples
Question 1: Find the Quartiles of the following marks

X 2 4 6 8 10

F 5 4 3 2 4

Solution:

Cumulative Frequency
X F
(cf)

2 5 5

4 4 5+4=9

6 3 9 + 3 = 12

8 2 12 + 2 = 14

10 4 14 + 4 = 18

Here, N = 18

First Quartile Q1Q1 = Size of N+1th 4N+ th 4 item

= Size of 194th 194th item

= Size of 4.75th item = 2

Second Quartiles Q2Q2 = Size of N+1th 2N+1th2 item

= Size of 192th192th item

= Size of 9.5th item = 6

Third Quartile, Q3Q3 = Size of 3N+1th 43N+1th 4 item

= Size of 3(19)4th 3(19)4th item

= Size of 14.25th item =10

Question 2: Find the Quartiles of the following data

X 5 10 12 15 28

F 12 4 6 8 10

Solution:

Cumulative Frequency
X F
(cf)

5 12 12

10 4 12 + 4 = 16

12 6 16 + 6 = 22

15 8 22 + 8 = 30

28 10 30 + 10 = 40

Here, N = 40

Lower Quartile(Q1) = Size of N+1th 4N+1th 4 item

= Size of 404404 item

= Size of 10th item = 5

Second Quartile, Q2 = Size of N+1th 2N+1th2 item

= Size of 402th 402th item

= Size of 20th item = 12

Upper Quartile, Q3 = Size of 3 N+1th 4N+1th4 item

= Size of item 3(40)4th 3(40)4th

= Size of 30th item = 15

UNGROUPED DATA EXERCISES

Exercise 1

Split into quartes the following set of data:

213211231431

Step 1. Rearrange the value in ascending order:

11111222333

Step 2. Split into quartes:

This are the same data as before, but this tim eit's split into quartes:
Steps to find quartile values on a data set with n elements:

Step 1. Calculate: and round to the nearest integer. If L falls halfway between two
integers, round up. The Lth element is the lower quartile value.

Step 2. Calculate: and round to the nearest integer. If U falls halfway between two
integers, round down. The Uth element is the upper qu

Exercise 2
Find the quartiles of the data set: {1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 9, 14, 21}

Step 1. n = 9, so which becomes 3 after rounding up. The lower quartile value is
the 3rd data point, Q1=4.

Step 2. which becomes 7 after rounding down. The upper quartile value is the 7th
data point, Q3 =9. Using this method, the upper and lower quartile values are always two of the data points.
Step 3. Q2=5, because the median is 5.

Exercise 3
Divide the set into four equal parts (by Turkey's method):
{6, 3, 4, 9, 6, 2, 7, 7, 8, 4, 10}
Step 1. Arrange your data in ascending order:
2, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10

Step 2. Find the median of the data set.

This is Q2=6

Step 3. Find the median of the lower half of the data set (in parenthesis)
(2, 3, 4, 4, 6), 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10
This is Q1=4.

Step 4. Find the median of the upper half of the data set (in parenthesis)
2, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, (7, 7, 8, 9, 10)
This is Q3=8
 QUARTILE DEVIATION

OBJECTIVE:
To present the procedures in getting the quartile deviation from ungrouped and group
data.

Getting the quartile deviation from Ungrouped data

In getting the quartile deviation from ungrouped data, the following steps are used in
getting the quartiles: