Research Methodology

Practical File

BCOM HONS IV(E)

Submitted by Submitted to

Kuldeep verma

01324588817 Mrs Shweta Khandelwal

 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

This is to certify that the project titled “RESEARCH METHODOLOGY” is an academic

work done by “KULDEEP VERMA” submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the award of the degree of B.Com from JIMS Kalkaji, New Delhi .It has been completed

under the guidance of Mrs. Shweta Khandelwal (Faculty Mentor) .The authenticity of the

project work will be examined by viva.

 CONTENTS

S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1. Research Methodology-Objective and 4

Outcome
2. Advanced Excel- Role in Research 5

3. VLOOKUP Function 6

4. HLOOKUP Function 8

5. INDEX MATCH Function 10

6. COUNT A, COUNT BLANK, COUNT IF 12

Function
7. CORRELATION Function 16

8. SPSS-Use of SPSS in Research 21

Methodology
9. Google Forms and its use 22

10. Steps to import dataset from Excel to SPSS 27

11. Analyzing data using CORREL in SPSS. 30

12. Mobile Brand Survey 35

13. CHI SQUARE Test 38
14. ANOVA Test 40

15. SUM and MEAN Test 46

Q1. Explain the objective and outcome of research methodology lab.
The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business
decisions. The methodology may include publication research, interviews, surveys and
other research techniques, and could include both present and historical information.

Objective of research methodology

 To gain familiarity with the phenomenon.

 To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a
group.
 To determine the frequency with which something occurs to which it is
associated.
 To identify the relationship between variables.
 Describing systematically a situation problem or attitude towards an issue.
 Clarifying why and there is a relationship between two or more aspects of a
situation.
 To learn and practice the literature survey aspects of project and prepare the
scope and goals for the proposed project.
 To learn, practice and improve the research presentation skills with the latest
tools.
 To learn and understand the research publications ethics and tools.

Outcome of research methodology

 Critically explain research terminology, concepts and principles

 Apply and critique various business research theories and methods.
 Evaluate information resources and knowledge management tools.
 Collect and analyze data to support business decision making process.
 It helped us to learn advance Excel.
 It helped us to learn SPSS and its features, importance, application and various
tools which make data analysis easy.
 It would also help us in our summer internship project.
 It would make our curriculum vitae strong.
 Q2) What is advanced excel and its role in research.
Advanced Excel refers to features and functions of Microsoft Excel tool which helps the
user to perform complex and large calculations, data processing on the huge amount of
data, performing data analysis, better representation of data, etc.
Some of the functions of advanced excel are as follows
 Index match
 Sum or average
 Choose
 Countif
 H lookup function
 V lookup function

Role in research
We used Excel to do some basic data analysis tasks to see whether it is a reasonable alternative
to using a statistical package for the same tasks.

Descriptive Statistics: The quickest way to get means and standard deviations for a
entire group is using Descriptive in the Data Analysis tools.

Correlations: Using the Data Analysis tools, the dialog for correlations is much like the
one for descriptive - you can choose several contiguous columns, and get an output matrix
of all pairs of correlations.

Two-Sample T-test: This test can be used to check whether the two treatment groups
differ on the values of either X or Y. In order to do the test you need to enter a cell range
for each group.

Paired t-test: The paired t-test is a method for testing whether the difference between two
measurements on the same subject is significantly different from 0.

Chi-Squared Test of Independence: Our final task is to count the two outcomes in each
treatment group, and use a chi-square test of independence to test for a relationship
between treatment and outcome. In order to count the outcomes by treatment group, you
need to use Pivot Tables.

Simple Frequencies: we can use Pivot Tables to get simple frequencies. Using Pivot
Tables, each column is considered a separate variable, and labels in row 1 will appear on
the output. we can only do one variable at a time.
Q3. Create the following data set in MS Excel and use the function
VLOOKUP to find the Gross_sal of the employee against their Emp_Id
(lookup value=Emp_id)
Emp_Id Firstname Lastname Gross_sal DOJ
12 Anmol Singh 45000 5-Feb-10
13 Neha Gupta 55000 23-May-12
14 Smith Jonas 23000 5-Sep-10
15 Sahil Aggarwal 18000 11-Jun-11
16 Perkins Ralph 40000 5-Feb-10
17 Masaba Angie 60000 23-May-12
18 Mohit Jaiswal 65000 5-Feb-10
19 Gaurav Singh 65666 5-Feb-10
20 Vishaka Anand 44000 11-Jun-11

Vlookup :Vlookup (vertical' lookup) is a built-in Excel function

that is designed to work with data that is organized into columns. For a
specified value, the function finds (or 'looks up') the value in one column of
data, and returns the corresponding value from another column.
 Q4. Create the following data set in MS Excel and use the function
HLOOKUP to find the Quantity_sold against Order_id (lookup
value=Order_id)

Order 387 988

1345 3457 5412 9876 5980 4500 1200 4378 3366 6767 7878
_Id 6 9
Unit_ $45.0 $24.0 $35. $45.0 $78.0 $99.
$40.00 $78.00 $76.00 $99.00 $12.00 $35.00 $46.00
Price 0 0 00 0 0 00
Quant
ity_so 30 25 36 34 15 85 95 63 65 74 52 15 14
ld

Hlookup: HLOOKUP stands for Horizontal Lookup and can be used to retrieve
information from a table by searching a row for the matching data and outputting from
the corresponding column. While VLOOKUP searches for the value in a
column, HLOOKUP searches for the value in a row.
Q5. Create the following data set in MS Excel and use the function INDEX MATCH to
find the Emp_id against DOJ(5-Dec-10)

Firstname Lastname Gross_sal DOJ

12 Anmol Singh 45000 5-Feb-10
13 Neha Gupta 55000 23-May-12
14 Smith Jonas 23000 5-Sep-10
15 Sahil Aggarwal 18000 11-Jun-11
16 Perkins Ralph 40000 5-Dec-10
17 Masaba Angie 60000 23-May-12
18 Mohit Jaiswal 65000 5-Feb-10
19 Gaurav Singh 65666 5-Feb-10
20 Vishaka Anand 44000 11-Jun-11

Index match: The INDEX MATCH MATCH formula is the combination of two functions
in Excel. CFI's Excelresources are the best way to learn Excel on your own terms. ...
=INDEX() returns the value of a cell in a table based on the column and row number.
=MATCH() returns the position of a cell in a row or column.
Q6.Conduct a survey of your own choice and use count a ,count blank and count if to
analyse the data. Represent the results through relevant charts.

Countif: Excel COUNTIF function is used for counting cells within a specified range
that meet a certain criterion, or condition. For example, you can write a COUNTIF
formula to find out how many cells in your worksheet contain a number greater than or

less than the number you specify .

Count blank: The Microsoft Excel COUNTBLANK function counts the number of empty
cells in a range. ... It can be used as a worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As a
worksheet function, the COUNTBLANK function can be entered as part of a formula in a
cell of a worksheet.
Counta: The Microsoft Excel COUNTA function counts the number of cells that are not
empty as well as the number of value arguments provided. ... It can be used as a
worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As a worksheet function, the COUNTA function can
be entered as part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet.
Q7. Create the following data set and find the correlation between Height and Weight
using the function CORREL. Also include the trend line and depict its meaning

1 Nikhil 156 58
2 Simran 128 45
3 John 145 50
4 Mridul 146 52
5 Mohit 132 42
6 Shekhar 157 59
7 Sakshi 122 40
8 Vishakha 154 50
9 Bhavya 142 39
10 Rohit 135 40
11 Rohan 128 40
12 Smith 127 41
13 Priyanka 147 56
14 Gaurav 151 58
15 Blesson 132 36
16 Neha 123 39

Correlation: We can use the CORREL function or the Analysis Toolpak add-in
in Excel to find the correlation coefficient between two variables. – A
correlation coefficient of +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation. As variable X
increases, variable Y increases. As variable X decreases, variable Y decreases.

The p-value is the level of marginal significance within a statistical hypothesis test
representing the probability of the occurrence of a given event. The p-value is used as
an alternative to rejection points to provide the smallest level of significance at which the
null hypothesis would be rejected.
THE TREND LINE SHOWS DIRECT PROPOTION BETWEEN HEIGHT AND WEIGHT.
Q8 .What is RM? Also explain SPSS and its use in RM.

The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business
decisions. The methodology may include publication research, interviews, surveys and
other research techniques, and could include both present and historical information.

The purpose of research is to inform action. Thus, your study should seek to
contextualize its findings within the larger body of research. Research must always be
of high quality in order to produce knowledge that is applicable outside of their
search setting.

SPSS is a widely used program for statistical analysis in social science. It is also used
by market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education
researchers, marketing organizations, data miners and others.

SPSS is revolutionary software mainly used by research scientists which help them
process critical data in simple steps. Working on data is a complex and time consuming
process, but this software can easily handle and operate information with the help of
some techniques. These techniques are used to analyze, transform, and produce a
characteristic pattern between different data variables. In addition to it, the output can
be obtained through graphical representation so that a user can easily understand the
result.

These are the few uses of SPSS in RM

Data Transformation
Regression Analysis
ANOVA( Analysis of variance)
t- tests
Q9.What are Google forms and its use? Attach a questionnaire created using Google forms

Google Forms is a survey administration app that is included in the Google Drive office suite
along with Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides.

Students and teachers can use Google Forms to make surveys, quizzes, or event registration
sheets. The form is web-based and can be shared with respondents by sending a link, emailing
a message, or embedding it into a web page or blog post. Data gathered using the form is
typically stored in a spreadsheet.
Q10. Describe the steps to import dataset from excel to SPSS using an example
Q11. Import a dataset from MS Excel to SPSS and analyze it using CORREL in SPSS.
Correlation:We can use the CORREL function or the Analysis Toolpak add-in
in Excel to find the correlation coefficient between two variables. – A
correlation coefficient of +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation. As variable X
increases, variable Y increases. As variable X decreases, variable Y decreases.

The p-value is the level of marginal significance within a statistical hypothesis test
representing the probability of the occurrence of a given event. The p-value is used as
an alternative to rejection points to provide the smallest level of significance at which the
null hypothesis would be rejected.
Q12. Conduct a survey in your class and find out which mobile brand is preferred amongst
your classmates
Q13. For the given data, describe which test will be used to analyze and find the significance
value. Also describe step by step procedure of applying the test.

Gender Aggressive_driving Frequency

M YES 75
M NO 25
F YES 10
F NO 90
Chi square test: The Chi-square test is intended to test how likely it is that an observed
distribution is due to chance. It is also called a "goodness of fit" statistic, because it
measures how well the observed distribution of data fits with the distribution that is
expected if the variables are independent.

Tests for Different Purposes. Chi square test for testing goodness of fit is used to decide
whether there is any difference between the observed (experimental) value and the
expected (theoretical) value. For example given a sample, we may like to test if it has
been drawn from a normal population.
Q14. Suppose you have to start a course in three different modes i.e. Classroom, Online,
BOTH. You have a data of observation about student’s performance in all three modes.
How will you find the correlation between the modes and which test will you use to reject
your Null Hypothesis. Show step by step anaylsis and transformation of data

Anova(analysis of variance): The one-way ANOVA compares the means between the
groups you are interested in and determines whether any of those means are
statistically significantly different from each other. Specifically, it tests the null
hypothesis: where µ = group mean and k = number of groups.
Q15) Create a data set of 20 respondents(students) with variables name -roll
number practical exam marks (OUT OF 40) and theory marks (OUT OF 60).
Calculate sum and mean and also show pass and fail students in new column.
Represent the result on a bar graph.