Heritage Institute of Technology

(An Autonomous Institute)

Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering

IR BASED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree in
Bachelor of Technology
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology
(Formerly WBUT), 2019

Under the Supervision of

Susovan Mandal
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-70010
 Heritage Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institute)
Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering

IR BASED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

Group No. : 55
Group Members Name: Paban Santra (1552227)
(College roll no) Devyani Singh (1552186)
Rishav Kejriwal (1552171)
Ravi Ranjan (1552234)

University Roll No. : Paban Santra (12616003205)

Devyani Singh (12615003059)
Rishav Kejriwal ( 12615003117)
Ravi Ranjan (12616003207)

Bachelor of Technology
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology
(Formerly WBUT), 2018

Under the Supervision of

Susovan Mandal
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107.
 Certificate of Recommendation

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “IR Based Traffic Control
System ” Submitted by All Group Members under the supervision of
Prof. Susovan Mandal (Assistant Professor Dept of ECE,HITK), has
been prepared according to the regulations of B.Tech Degree in
Electronics and communication Engineering Department awarded
by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology
(Formerly WBUT) and he/she has fulfilled the requirements for
submission of thesis report and that neither his/her thesis report has been
submitted for any degree/diploma or any other academic award
anywhere before.

…………………………………
--Prof. Name of Project Guide—
(Designation, Dept. of ECE, HITK)

---------------------------- -----------------------------------
Prof. Prabir Banerjee External Examiner
(HOD, Dept of ECE,HITK)
 Heritage Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institute)
Affiliated to
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of
Technology
(Formerly WBUT)

Certificate of approval*
The foregoing Project report is hereby approved as a creditable study of an
engineering subject carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to warrant
its acceptance as a prerequisite to the degree for which it has been submitted .it is
understood that by this approval the undersigned don’t necessarily endorse or
approve any statement made opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein but
approve the thesis report only for the purpose for which it is submitted.

Signature of the Examiners:

1…………………………………………

2…………………………………………

3…………………………………………
*only in the case the project report is approved
 Declaration
I hereby declare that project entitled “IR Based Traffic Control
System” contains literature survey and original work by the
undersigned candidate, as part of his degree of Bachelor Technology
in Electronics and Communication Engineering studies under
supervision of Prof. Susovan Mondal (Project Mentor) & Prof. (Dr.)
Prabir Banerjee (HOD of ECE Department) during academic session
2015-2019

All information in this document have been obtained and presented in accordance
with academic rules and ethical conduct

We also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited
referenced all material and results that are not original to this work.

Group Members Name and roll no:

Paban Santra (1552227) (12616003205)
Devyani Singh (1552186) (12615003059)
Rishav Kejriwal (1552171) ( 12615003117)
Ravi Ranjan (1552234) (12616003207)

Signature with Date:

…………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………..
Abstract
In modern life we have to face with many problems one of which is
traffic congestion becoming more serious day after day. It is said that the
high volume of vehicles, the inadequate infrastructure and the irrational
distribution of the development are main reasons for increasing traffic
jam. The major cause leading to traffic congestion is the high number of
vehicle which was caused by the population and the development of
economy. Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs
as
Use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times,
and increased vehicular queuing. The most common example is the
physical use of roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is great enough
that the interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic
Stream, these results in some congestion .As demand approaches the
capacity of a road (or of the intersections along the road), extreme traffic
congestion sets in. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time,
this is colloquially known as a traffic jam or traffic snarl-up. Traffic
congestion can lead to drivers becoming frustrated and engaging in road
rage. In order to avoid the congestion in the traffic. In traffic
environments, Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) is used to regulate traffic
signs, warn the driver, and command or prohibit certain actions. A fast
real-time and robust automatic traffic sign detection and recognition can
support and disburden the driver, and thus, significantly increase driving
safety and comfort. Generally, traffic signs provide the driver various
information for safe and efficient navigation Automatic recognition of
traffic signs is, therefore, important for automated intelligent driving
vehicle or driver assistance systems. However, identification of traffic
signs with respect to various natural background viewing conditions still
remains challenging tasks. Real time automatic vision based traffic light
control has been recently the interest of many researchers, due to the
frequent traffic jams at major junctions and its resulting wastage of time.
Instead of depending on information generated by costly sensors,
economic situation calls for using available video cameras in an efficient
way for effective traffic congestion estimation.

Thus, given a video sequence, the task of vision based traffic light
control list: 1) analyze image sequences; 2) estimate traffic congestion
and 3) predict the next traffic light interval. Researchers may focus on
one or more of these tasks, and they may also choose different measures
for traffic structure or add measures. For more
Comprehensive review on vision based traffic light control Due to the
massive growth in urbanization and traffic congestion, intelligent vision
based traffic light controller is needed to reduce the traffic delay and
travel time especially in developing countries as the current automatic
time based control is not realistic while sensor based traffic light
controller is not reliable in developing countries.
Traffic congestion is now considered to be one of the biggest problems
in the urban environments. Traffic problems will be also much more
widely increasing as an expected result of the growing number of
transportation
Means and current low-quality infrastructure of the roads. In addition,
many studies and statistics were generated in developing countries that
proved that most of the road accidents are because of the very narrow
roads and because of the destructive increase in the transportation
means. This idea of controlling the traffic light efficiently in real time
has attracted many researchers to work in this field with the goal of
creating automatic tool that can estimate the traffic congestion and based
on this Variable, the traffic sign time interval is forecasted.
Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
• PRESENT SYSTEM
• METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN
• ADVANTAGES
• FUTURE SCOPE
• CONCLUSION
 Introduction

 Congestion in Traffic is a Serious Issue in

Cities of India and Around the World

 Traffic Congestion is mainly caused by large

Red Light Delays

 Optimization of Traffic Light Controller in a

City using Microcontroller is done

 Hence the system tries to reduce possibilities of

traffic jams, caused by traffic lights

 Using Sensors deployed on the roads, accurate

traffic conditions can be measured and required
steps can be taken to optimise the traffic
Present System
One of the oldest ways of handling traffic was having a
traffic policeman deployed at each junction and
manually controls the inflow of traffic through hand
signaling, and is still used. However this was quite
cumbersome and then came the need for a different
type of control – using Traffic signals.
Traditional Traffic light controllers used a fixed
predetermined schedule for traffic inflow for each
direction in the junction. The controller was an electro
mechanical controller which consists of mechanical
systems operated electrically. It consists of three
major parts- a dial timer, a solenoid and a cam
assembly. A motor and a gear assembly operates the
dial timer which in turn are responsible to energize or
de energize a solenoid which in turn operates a cam
assembly which are responsible to provide current to
each signal indications. The dial timer is used to
provide repetition of fixed duration intervals.
However the whole idea of a fixed time traffic light
controller is not convenient for cities where traffic
flow is variable. For this reason a dynamic traffic
control system is needed, which controls the traffic
signals according to the density of traffic
 METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

• Microcontroller used in the system is of

PIC(Peripheral Interface Controller) nature. The
system contains a IR Transmitter and Receiver
mounted on either sides of the road.
• This IR System gets activated whenever any
vehicle passes the road in between the IR
Transmitter and IR Receiver.
• Microcontroller controls this IR System and
relying on the data obtained by the System
counts the total vehicle count on the road at the
particular time
• This data is stored in the Microcontroller’s
Memory.
• Based on different vehicles count, the
microcontroller takes decision and updates the
traffic light delays as a result.
IR transmitter and receiver will be placed on either side of
the road at some distance from the traffic signal.IR Rays
passes between the transmitter and receiver continuously.
Whenever a vehicle passes between the transmitter and
receiver, it blocks the IR rays to pass from transmitter to
receiver. So whenever a vehicle blocks the IR rays, the IR
sensor consider it as count and it also increments the
count value for each vehicle entry.
The IR sensor senses the density of the traffic for a
regular interval of time in this manner and sends the
information to the PIC. The count in the traffic signal can
be adjusted by the controller based on the density of
traffic received from IR sensor. Then the count is
displayed in the seven segment display and decremented
till zero and this above procedure continues for regular
intervals of time.
In this architecture camera is placed on the top of the
signal to get the clear view of traffic on the
particular side of the signal so that it will capture the
image and analyze the traffic in that particular side and
get the count of the number of vehicle. With this count the
density of that particular side will be determined and
corresponding signal will be provided

In this system the source image is the RGB image

which can be given by the users for getting the
contour image and the vehicle count in output
screen. The following code can be used to auto size
of the output
Screen
The grayscale image can be used to display the
objects in the format of black and white. In this
system the output will be display the grayscale
image after getting the source image only, because
source image only converted into the grayscale
image
 ADVANTAGES
Though the prototype model worked very efficiently with
remarkable outputs, the real life situation is going to be way
more challenging and demanding. Few of the challenges that
should be taken into account are listed as follows
• Low range IR sensors may not be an answer for long range
signaling system. We may resort to ultrasound or radar
techniques for big scale set-ups.
• Next is the influence of stray signals that may alter the reading
of sensor receptors and lead to conveying false information to
the microcontroller.
• Periodic checking of the accuracy and precision is a must for
efficacious operation of this model prototype.
Safety first: it has to be absolutely made sure that no
compromise is being made on safety issues, i.e. a secondary
stand-by set-upthat can switch over from automated to manual
mode, should be provided in case of sensor or circuit
malfunctions so that vehicular crowd
does not go beyond control. As part of future advancements, the
traffic check post may be connected by wireless transmitters by
which the
crossings ahead may be an anticipation of the traffic that is
approaching. This may be achieved the connecting the sensor
network with GPS connectivity and short wave radio
transmission signals. This will act as a feedforward system
making the signaling system even more smooth and congestion
free.
 FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

The Future scope includes Profiling of the traffic by

storing the data and managing the traffic lights according
to the collected data. The Profiling can also be used for
Traffic study and the variation in traffic density
throughout the day, week, month or a year. Further, we
can optimize this system for the emergency Vehicles such
as Ambulance. The Traffic data collected can be used to
locate different routes for a specific daily vehicle to avoid
the congestion problem.
 CONCLUSION

We conclude the Density measurement by using opencv

tool as software for image processing by just displaying
the various conversion of image in the screen and finally
surrounding the box on the vehicle in the given image, the
number of vehicle is calculated. We can calculate the
density of the vehicle by using mat lab tool by comparing
the four side of the image which is given as a input. we
can simulate the result of the four
given input image but this cannot be used in real time
applications as it is very slow and the software is not free
of cost like opencv to overcome this disadvantage of mat
lab, opencv software is used which is very easy to install
and is open source software and can be used in real time
application in a quick manner. In this paper we have
shown the density measurement in the signal by using
opencv in the System.
In the following ways and using different similar
techniques, the traffic congestion can be reduced to a
lower level.