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Para poder llevar a cabo esto fue necesario el uso del equipo para ley de Boyle
con el cual obtuvimos los valores de presión y volumen a temperatura constante,
se llevó a cabo para las temperaturas de 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C y 40 °C.
1. Para empezar se llenara los alrededores del manómetro con agua a través
de una manguera.
:
III. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS
A) RECOLECCIÓN DE DATOS
Compresión Expansión
5 5
𝑃(10 𝑃𝑎) V(𝑚𝐿) 𝑃(10 𝑃𝑎) V(𝑚𝐿)
2 2.3 20 0.4
4 1.36 18 0.44
6 1.02 16 0.48
8 0.84 14 0.54
10 0.7 12 0.6
12 0.6 10 0.7
14 0.53 8 0.84
16 0.47 6 1.06
18 0.44 4 1.45
20 0.4 2 2.35
Compresión
5
𝑃(10 𝑃𝑎) V(𝑚𝐿)
2 2.2
4 1.43
6 1.07
8 0.85
10 0.72
12 0.62
14 0.54
16 0.5
18 0.45
20 0.41
B) CÁLCULOS A PARTIR DE LOS DATOS
1 𝑃 1
Al despejar tenemos las siguientes ecuaciones: (1) 𝑃 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ( ) ; (2) = 𝑛𝑅 ( )
𝑉 𝑇 𝑉
1 1
𝑃 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ( ) → 𝑃 = 𝑅𝑇 ( ) + 𝐵
𝑉 𝑉
𝟏 −𝟏
(𝑳 ) 𝑷(𝒂𝒕𝒎)
𝑽
434.78 1.973
735.29 3.947
980.39 5.921
1190.47 7.895
1428.57 9.869
1666.67 11.843
1886.79 13.817
2127.66 15.790
2272.72 17.764
2500 19.738
Hallando la pendiente (RT) y el intercepto B:
𝟏 −𝟏 𝑷 𝒂𝒕𝒎 𝟏
(𝑳 ) 𝑷(𝒂𝒕𝒎) ( ) (𝟏/𝑳𝟐 )
𝑽 𝑽 𝑳 𝑽𝟐
434.78 1.973 857.8209 18.9033× 104
735.29 3.947 2902.1896 54.0651× 104
980.39 5.921 5804.8891 96.1164× 104
1190.47 7.895 9398.7606 141.7218× 104
1428.57 9.869 14098.5573 204.0812× 104
1666.67 11.843 19738.3728 277.7788× 104
1886.79 13.817 26069.7774 355.9976× 104
2127.66 15.790 33595.7514 452.6937× 106
2272.72 17.764 40372.5980 516.5256× 104
2500 19.738 49345 625× 104
𝟏
∑ 15223.34
𝑽
∑𝑷 108.557
𝑷
∑ 202183.7175
𝑽
𝟏
∑ 27428839.32
𝑽𝟐
Hallando R
𝑃 1
𝑁 ∑ 𝑉 − (∑ 𝑉 ) (∑ 𝑃)
𝑅=
1 1 2
𝑁∑ − (∑
𝑉2 𝑉)
𝐿 − 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑅 = 2.81 × 10−5 ( )
𝐾
Hallando el intercepto “B”
1 1 𝑃
(∑ 𝑃) (∑ ) − (∑ 𝑉 ) (∑ 𝑉 )
𝐵= 𝑉2
1 1 2
𝑁 ∑ 2 − (∑ 𝑉 )
𝑉
(108.557x27428839.32) − (15223.34x108.557)
𝐵=
(11 × 27428839.32) − 27428839.322
𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝐵 = −2.358 ( )
𝐾
Gráfico
25
20 2500, 19.738
2272.72, 17.764
15 2127.66, 15.79
1886.79, 13.817
1666.67, 11.843
10 1428.57, 9.869
1190.47, 7.895
980.39, 5.921
5
735.29, 3.947
434.78, 1.973
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Ahora usando la ecuación (2) en base de que es 1mol se tiene:
𝑃 1 𝑃 1
(2) = 𝑛𝑅 ( ) → = 𝑅( )+𝐵
𝑇 𝑉 𝑇 𝑉
𝟏 −𝟏 𝑷 𝒂𝒕𝒎 𝑷 𝒂𝒕𝒎 𝟏
(𝑳 ) ( ) ( ) (𝟏/𝑳𝟐 )
𝑽 𝑻 𝑲 𝑽×𝑻 𝑳−𝑲 𝑽𝟐
434.78 0.0064 2.7825 18.9033× 104
735.29 0.013 9.5587 54.0651× 104
980.39 0.0192 18.8234 96.1164× 104
1190.47 0.0254 30.2379 141.7218× 104
1428.57 0.032 45.7142 204.0812× 104
1666.67 0.038 63.3334 277.7788× 104
1886.79 0.045 84.9055 355.9976× 104
2127.66 0.051 108.5106 452.6937× 106
2272.72 0.057 129.5450 516.5256× 104
2500 0.064 160 625× 104
𝟏
∑ 15223.34
𝑽
𝑷
∑ 0.351
𝑻
𝑷
∑ 653.4117
𝑽×𝑻
𝟏
∑ 27428839.32
𝑽𝟐
Hallando R
𝑃 1 𝑃
𝑁 ∑ 𝑉 × 𝑇 − (∑ 𝑉 ) (∑ 𝑇 )
𝑅=
1 1 2
𝑁∑ − (∑
𝑉2 𝑉)
𝐿 − 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑅 = 2.799 × 10−5 ( )
𝐾
Hallando el intercepto “B”
𝑃 1 1 𝑃
(∑ 𝑇 ) (∑ 2 ) − (∑ 𝑉 ) (∑ 𝑉 × 𝑇)
𝐵= 𝑉
1 1 2
𝑁 ∑ 2 − (∑ 𝑉 )
𝑉
𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝐵 = −7.512 × 10−3 ( )
𝐾
Hallando 𝛶
𝑃1 ∗ 𝑉1 𝛶 = 𝑃2 ∗ 𝑉2 𝛶 = 𝐾(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒)
𝑃
𝑃1 𝑉2 𝛶 𝑃1 𝑉2 𝛶 ln (𝑃1 )
2
= 𝛶 → ln ( ) = ln ( ) → 𝛶=
𝑃2 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉1 𝑉
ln (𝑉2 )
1
𝑃 1.973
ln (𝑃1 ) ln (3.947)
2
𝜰𝟏 = = = 1.32
𝑉 0.00136
ln (𝑉2 ) ln ( 0.0023 )
1
𝑃 3.947
ln (𝑃2 ) )ln (
𝜰𝟐 = =3 5.921 = 1.42
𝑉3 0.00102
ln (𝑉 ) ln (0.00136)
2
𝑃 5.921
ln ( 3 ) ln ( )
𝑃4 7.895 = 1.48
𝜰𝟑 = =
𝑉 0.00084
ln (𝑉4 ) ln (
3 0.00102)
𝑃 7.895
ln (𝑃4 ) ln (9.869)
5
𝜰𝟒 = = = 1.23
𝑉 0.0007
ln (𝑉5 ) ln (0.00084)
4
𝑃 9.869
ln (𝑃5 ) ln (11.843)
6
𝜰𝟓 = = = 1.18
𝑉 0.0006
ln (𝑉6 ) ln (0.0007)
5
𝑃 11.843
ln (𝑃6 ) ln (13.816)
7
𝜰𝟔 = = = 1.24
𝑉 0.00053
ln (𝑉7 ) ln ( 0.0006 )
6
𝑃 13.816
ln (𝑃7 ) ln (
)
𝜰𝟕 = 8
= 15.790 = 1.108
𝑉 0.00047
ln (𝑉8 ) ln ( )
7 0.00053
𝑃 15.790
ln (𝑃8 ) ln (17.764)
9
𝜰𝟖 = = = 1.79
𝑉 0.00044
ln (𝑉9 ) ln ( 0.00047)
8
𝑃 17.764
ln (𝑃 9 ) ln (19.738)
10
𝜰𝟗 = = = 1.108
𝑉 0.0004
ln ( 𝑉10 ) ln (0.00044)
9
𝜰𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒐 = 1.319
Para una Tº de 40ºC
1 𝑃 1
Al despejar tenemos las siguientes ecuaciones: (1) 𝑃 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ( ) ; (2) = 𝑛𝑅 ( )
𝑉 𝑇 𝑉
𝑷 (𝒌𝑷𝒂) 𝑽(𝒎𝒍)
2 2.2
4 1.43
6 1.07
8 0.85
10 0.72
12 0.62
14 0.54
16 0.5
18 0.45
20 0.41
1 1
𝑃 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ( ) → 𝑃 = 𝑅𝑇 ( ) + 𝐵
𝑉 𝑉
𝟏
(𝑳) 𝑷 (𝒂𝒕𝒎)
𝑽
454.5454 1.9738
714.2857 3.9477
934.5794 5.9215
1176.4709 7.895
1388.888 9.869
1612.9038 11.843
1851.8518 13.817
2000 15.791
2222.2222 17.764
2434.0244 19.738
Hallando la pendiente (RT) y el intercepto B :
𝟏 𝟏 𝑷 𝒂𝒕𝒎 𝟏
( ) 𝑷 (𝒂𝒕𝒎) ( ) (𝟏/𝑳𝟐 )
𝑽 𝒍 𝑽 𝑳 𝑽𝟐
454.5454 1.9738 897.1817 20.661× 104
714.2857 3.9477 2819.7856 51.0204× 104
934.5794 5.9215 55.34.112 87.3438× 104
1176.4709 7.895 9288.2377 138.4083× 104
1388.88 9.869 13706.8567 192.9× 104
1612.9038 11.843 19101.6197 260.1458× 104
1851.8518 13.817 25587.0253 342.9352× 104
2000 15.791 31582 4× 106
2222.2222 17.764 39475.5552 493.827× 104
2434.0244 19.738 48042.7736 594.883× 104
𝟏
∑ 14082.6288
𝑽
∑𝑷 108.56
𝑷
∑ 193243.6497
𝑽
𝟏
∑ 2528.675489× 104
𝑽𝟐
Hallando R
𝑃 1
𝑁 ∑ 𝑉 − (∑ 𝑉 ) (∑ 𝑃)
𝑅=
1 1 2
𝑁∑ 2 − (∑ 𝑉 )
𝑉
𝐿 − 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑅 = 7.3996 × 10−3 ( )
𝐾
Hallando el intercepto “K”
1 1 𝑃
(∑ 𝑃) (∑ ) − (∑ 𝑉 ) (∑ 𝑉 )
𝐾= 𝑉2
1 1 2
𝑁 ∑ 2 − (∑ 𝑉 )
𝑉
𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝐾 = 0.4354 ( )
𝐾
20
15
Presión (atm)
10
1/V (1/L)
Analizando el valor de “R” en la ecuación (2), reemplazando en base que es 1 mol
se tiene:
𝑃 1 𝑃 1
= 𝑛𝑅 ( ) → = 𝑅( )+𝐾
𝑇 𝑉 𝑇 𝑉
𝟏 𝑷 𝒂𝒕𝒎
(𝑳) ( )
𝑽 𝑻 𝑲
454.545 0.0063
699.300 0.0126
934.579 0.0189
1176.470 0.0252
1388.888 0.0315
1612.903 0.0378
1851.851 0.0441
2000 0.0504
2222.222 0.0567
2439.024 0.0630
𝟏 𝟏 𝑷 𝒂𝒕𝒎 𝑷 𝒂𝒕𝒎 𝟏
( ) ( ) ( ) 𝟐
(𝟏/𝑳𝟐 )
𝑽 𝑳 𝑻 𝑲 𝑽×𝑻 𝑳−𝑲 𝑽
454.545 0.0063 2.8636 20.661× 104
699.300 0.0126 8.8112 48.9020× 104
934.579 0.0189 17.6635 87.3437× 104
1176.470 0.0252 29.6470 138.4081× 104
1388.888 0.0315 43,7499 192.9× 104
1612.903 0.0378 60.9677 260.1456× 104
1851.851 0.0441 81.6666 342.9352× 104
2000 0.0504 100.8 4× 106
2222.222 0.0567 125.9999 493.827× 104
2439.024 0.0630 153.6585 594.883× 104
𝟏
∑ 14779.998
𝑽
𝑷
∑ 0.3465
𝑻
𝑷
∑ 625.8418
𝑽×𝑻
𝟏
∑ 𝟐 2580.11317× 104
𝑽
Hallando R
𝑃 1 𝑃
𝑁 ∑ 𝑉 × 𝑇 − (∑ 𝑉 ) (∑ 𝑇 )
𝑅=
1 1 2
𝑁∑ − (∑
𝑉2 𝑉)
𝐿 − 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑅 = 2.8742 × 10−5 ( )
𝐾
𝑃 1 1 𝑃
(∑ 𝑇 ) (∑ 2 ) − (∑ 𝑉 ) (∑ 𝑉 × 𝑇)
𝐾= 𝑉
1 1 2
𝑁 ∑ 2 − (∑ 𝑉 )
𝑉
𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝐾 = −7.83179 × 10−3 ( )
𝐾
Gráfica en papel milimetrado
0.07
0.06
0.05
P/T (atm/°K)
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
1/V (1/L)
Hallando 𝛶
𝑃1 ∗ 𝑉1 𝛶 = 𝑃2 ∗ 𝑉2 𝛶 = 𝐾(𝐶𝑡𝑒)
𝑃
ln(𝑃1 )
2
𝛶=
𝑉
ln(𝑉2 )
1
1.973
ln(3.947)
𝜰𝟏 = = 1.609
0.00143
ln( 0.0022 )
3.947
ln( )
𝜰𝟐 = 5.921 = 1.398
0.00107
ln(0.00143)
5.921
ln( )
𝜰𝟑 = 7.895 = 1.250
0.00085
ln(0.00107)
7.895
ln(9.869)
𝜰𝟒 = = 1.345
0.00072
ln( )
0.00085
9.869
ln(11.843)
𝜰𝟓 = = 1.219
0.00062
ln(0.00072)
11.843
ln(13.816)
𝜰𝟔 = = 1.115
0.00054
ln(0.00062)
13.816
ln( )
𝜰𝟕 = 15.790 = 1.735
0.0005
ln( )
0.00054
15.790
ln(17.764)
𝜰𝟖 = = 1.118
0.00045
ln( )
0.0005
17.764
ln (19.738)
𝜰𝟗 = = 1.132
0.00041
ln ( )
0.00045
𝛶𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 = 1.3245
T° (°C) R 𝜸
𝑎𝑡𝑚−𝑙
25 2.8468 𝑥10−5 1.4941
𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
𝑎𝑡𝑚−𝑙
2.388 𝑥10−5 1.4514
𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
30
𝑎𝑡𝑚−𝑙
2.7566 𝑥10−5 1.3958
𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
𝑎𝑡𝑚−𝑙
2.8054 𝑥10−5 1.3949
𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
35
𝑎𝑡𝑚−𝑙
2.816 𝑥10−5 1.319
𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
𝑎𝑡𝑚−𝑙
40 2.874 𝑥10−5 1.3246
𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾
1.3966 − 1.4
| | 𝑥100 = 0.2428%
1.4
IV. CONCLUSIONES
V. DISCUSIÓN