Transportation Planning and Engineering

Lecture 4

Airport Master Plan, and Airport Financing

Definition of Master Plan
The final concept of the development of the airport is contained
in its master plan.

According to FAA, the goal of a master plan is to provide

guidelines for future airport development which will satisfy
aviation demand in a financially feasible manner, while at the
same time resolving the aviation, environmental and
socioeconomic issues existing in the community.
Objectives of Master Planning
 Graphic representation of future development

 Realistic implementation schedule

 Achievable financial plan

 Justification of the plan

 Presenting for public consideration

 Documenting policies

 Continuing planning process

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Elements of A Master Plan (FAA)
 Organization and preplanning

 Inventory of existing conditions and issues

 Aviation demand forecasts

 Requirements analysis and concepts development

 Airport site selection

 Environmental impact assessment analysis

 Airport plans

 Implementation plans

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Organization and preplanning
 Coordination with FAA and state
 Identify issues
 Form consultant selection panel
 Advertise and selection of consultant
 Setting the scope of study

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Inventory

 Physical and environmental characteristics of site

 Existing airports nearby
 Status of air traffic management
 Existing and projected land uses
 Weather data
 Financial data

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Demand forecasts

Planner requires forecasts of the following at annual and

peak levels
 Aircraft operations
 Passenger volumes
 Aircraft mix
 Air cargo and mail

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Requirements for analysis-I
Demand-Capacity analysis
 Aircraft operations
 Airspace capacity

 Air traffic control facilities

 Airfield capacity

 Passenger movements – Passenger terminal capacity

 Cargo volumes – Air cargo terminal capacity

 Access traffic – Surface access route capacity

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Requirements for analysis-II
Facility requirements
 Runways

 Taxiways

 Terminal area

 Service and hanger areas etc.

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Airport site selection
 Operational capability
 Capacity potential
 Ground access
 Development costs
 Environmental consequences
 Socioeconomic factors

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Environmental analysis
Environmental impact statement contains

• Environmental impact of the proposed action

• Alternatives to proposed action
• Short term and long term effects

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Airport Layout
Principal facilities included in the airport plan
• Runways • Air traffic control tower

• Taxiways • Aircraft maintenance facilities

• Passenger terminals and aprons • Long term and short term

parking
• Cargo terminals and aprons
• Access roads
• Rescue and firefighting
services • Rail and public transport
access etc

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Airport plans-Master plan report
Report contains
 Demand

 Capacity facility provision

 Cost estimates

 Airport layout plan

 Terminal area plan

 Airport access plans

 Noise compatibility plans (noise exposure map)

 Regional land use plans

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Plan implementation

 Economic feasibility study

 Financial analysis

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ICAO guidelines for Master Plan
• Prepare a master work plan
• Inventory and document existing conditions
• Forecast future air traffic demand
• Evaluate existing and potential constraints
• Determine the relative importance of constraints and their
considerations
• Develop a number of plans
• Evaluate and screen all plan options
• Select the most acceptable option
• Prepare master plan documents

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Airport Site Selection
1. Type of development of the surrounding area
 Noise is objectionable to neighbors, so a study of current and future
uses of land adjacent to airport is essential.
 Residential areas and schools should be avoided

2. Atmospheric and meteorological conditions

 Presence of fog and smoke in the area.
 Smoke is usually present in the industrial area.
 When visibility is poor traffic capacity is less.
 Site should be such where weather conditions are compatible with
aviation needs.

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Airport Site Selection
3. Accessibility to ground transportation
 Should have proper access.
 Transit time from origin to destination is a major point of concern.
 Proper approach is provided in view the establishment of traffic in
order to minimize delays.
 Proper parking facilities for all expected traffic.

4. Availability of land expansion

 Aviation is a dynamic field so sufficient land should be acquired .
 With increase in aircraft size and traffic volume, the runway will have
to be lengthened and terminal facility expanded.

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Airport Site Selection
5. Presence of other airports
 Airport should be located at a sufficient distance from nearby
airports in order to prevent interference with the movement of
aircraft at other airports.
 Minimum distance between airports depends upon
 Volume of traffic
 Type of traffic
 Whether airports are equipped to operate under poor conditions

6. Surrounding obstructions
 Site should be away/free from obstructions.
 Steps to be taken to prevent the possibility of future erection of
obstructions to aircraft using the airport.
 Hight restrictions may be made effective by law.
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Airport Site Selection
7. Economy of construction
 Economical site should be selected
 Low lying areas not selected
 Availability of a nearby source of material is a merit

8. Availability of utilities
 Water / disposal
 Eclectic power
 Fuel for aircraft and surface vehicles
 A site not near available sewer
 A disposal plant will be required

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Airport Financing
 Initial cost
 Running Cost
 Airport Revenues
Initial Cost
 Munich Airport
 Built by Munich Airport Authority
 5.0 billion dollar project ($590 M for land and 4.4 billion
for construction cost)
 51% paid by the State of Bavaria
 26% by German Government / 23% by the City of Munich
 Osaka Kansai Airport
 Administered by Kansai Intl. Airport Company
 14.4 billion dollar project
 66% paid by the Government of Japan
Initial Cost
 Sailkot International Airport Limited (SIAL)
 1,420 millions Rs. and all the financing was being arranged
by Sailkot Chamber of Commerce
 714 million Rs. arranged by private sector
 230 million Rs. loan
 Remaining from foreign investors
Airport Revenue Generation Classifications
 Landing area
 Landing fees
 Parking ramp fees
 Fuel flowage fees
 Terminal Area concessions
 Advertising
 Bus transportation
 Car rental
 Flight insurance
 Coin-operated devices
 Limousine and taxi services
 Parking / Shops and Restaurants
 Airline-leased areas
 Ground or land rentals
 Cargo terminals
 Office rentals
 Ticket counters
 O / M areas
 Hangers
 Other-leased areas
 Industrial building
 Fuel and servicing
Interesting Facts about Airports
 Few airports are ever built on budget
 Perhaps is difficult to predict the future
 Perhaps the cost prediction models in airport master
planning are erroneous
 Many airports takes several years to develop
 Munich’s new airport took 23 years to build (due to
environmental opposition) - Germany
 Narita’s airport took 20 years to start a new runway
(environmental concern) - Japan
QUESTIONS !!!!