ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

TAREA ACADEMICA N°2

CURSO : CONCRETO ARMADO 1

DOCENTE : I NG GERMAN

ALUMNO : CONDEZO APAC, RUBEN YMMER

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EJERCI CI O I

Dada la siguiente viga que se muestra se pide determinar lo siguiente :

a)- El esfuerzo producido por un momento flector de 5.5 tn-m

b)- Esfuerzo maximo si la viga se somete a 11 Tn-m
c)- Momento de rotura por el cual la viga falla
d)- Analisis de desplazamiento del eje neutro hacia el borde comprimido con
los momentos de la pregunta anterior

kg kg kg
DATOS fy ≔ 2800 ―― f'c ≔ 210 ―― modulo de rotura : fr ≔ 31 ――
cm 2 cm 2 cm 2
(resistencia de rotura de flexion)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
EJERCI CI O I I

Calcular la resistencia ultima para la seccion de la viga que se muestra

kg
fy ≔ 4200 ――
cm 2

kg
f'c ≔ 280 ――
cm 2

_________________________________________________________________________________________
EJERCI CI O I I I

Determinar el area de acero, para el momento dado para la seccion de viga que se muestra

Mr ≔ 1840000 kg - cm
kg
f'c ≔ 210 ――
cm 2

kg
fy ≔ 2800 ――
cm 2
 ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

SOLUCI ON

________________________________________________________________________________________
EJERCI CI O I

a) - El esfuerzo producido por un momento flector de 5.5 tn- m

DATOS
kg
fy ≔ 2800 ―― Mo ≔ 5.5 tonne ⋅ m Mo = 550000 kg ⋅ cm
cm 2
h ≔ 65 cm
kg
f'c ≔ 210 ――
cm 2 d ≔ 59 cm
kg
fr ≔ 31 ―― b ≔ 25 cm
cm 2
SECCI ON TRANSFORMADA
para un concreto no agrietado

⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ π ⋅ ((2.54 cm) ⎟
3 ϕ 1" > As ≔ 3 ⋅ ―――――= 15.201 cm 2 ok
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠

kg
Es ≔ 2000000 ―― Ec ≔ 15000 ⋅ ‾‾‾
f'c
cm 2

modulo de rotura
kg
2000000 ―― ((n - 1)) ⋅ As
Es cm 2
n ≔ ―― n ≔ ――――――― = 9.201 n≔9
Ec kg
15000 ⋅ ‾‾‾
210 ⋅ ――
cm 2

distancia a eje neutro

h 65 cm
((b ⋅ h) ⋅ ―+ ((n - 1) ⋅ As ⋅ d ((25 cm ⋅ 65 cm) ⋅ ――― + ((9 - 1) ⋅ 15.20 cm 2 ⋅ 59 cm
2 2
yc ≔ ―――――――― yc ≔ ―――――――――――――――――
b ⋅ h + (n - 1) ⋅ As 25 cm ⋅ 65 cm + ((9 - 1)) ⋅ 15.20 cm 2

yc = 34.34 cm ok

Momento de I nercia

2
b ⋅ ((h)) 3 ⎛ h⎞
It ≔ ――― + b ⋅ h ⋅ ⎜yc - ―⎟ + (n - 1) ⋅ As ⋅ (ys)
2

12 ⎝ 2⎠
3 2
25 cm ⋅ ((65 cm)) ⎛ 65 cm ⎞ 2
It ≔ ―――――― + 25 cm ⋅ 65 cm ⋅ ⎜34.34 cm - ――― ⎟ + ((9 - 1)) ⋅ 15.20 cm ⋅ ((24.66 cm))
2

12 ⎝ 2 ⎠

It = 651583.874 cm 4 ok
 ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

Esfuerzos

Esfuerzo por Compresion del concreto

Mo ⋅ yc 550000 ((kg ⋅ cm)) ⋅ 34.34 cm kg

fcc ≔ ――― fcc ≔ ――――――――― fcc = 28.99 ―― ok
It 651583.874 cm 4 cm 2

Esfuerzo por Traccion del concreto

Mo ⋅ ((h - yc) 550000 ((kg ⋅ cm) ⋅ ((65 - 34.34) cm kg

fct ≔ ―――― fct ≔ ――――――――――― fct = 25.88 ―― ok
It 651583.874 cm 4 cm 2

Esfuerzo por Traccion del Acero

Mo ⋅ ((d - yc)) 550000 ((kg ⋅ cm)) ⋅ ((59 - 34.34)) cm kg

fcs ≔ ―――― fcs ≔ ――――――――――― fcs = 20.815 ―― ok
It 651583.874 cm 4 cm 2

⎛ kg ⎞ kg
fs ≔ n ⋅ fcs >>>>> fs ≔ 9 ⋅ ⎜20.815 ―― ⎟ >>>>> fs = 187.335 ―― ok
⎝ cm 2 ⎠ cm 2

Verificando

modulo de rotura o esfuerzo admisible

kg kg
segun dato : fr ≔ 31 ―― > fct = 25.88 ――
cm 2 cm 2
ok la seccion no se agrieta

por formula: fr ≔ 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾

f'c
kg kg kg
fr ≔ 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾
210 ―― = 28.98 ―― > fct = 25.88 ――
cm 2
cm 2 cm 2
ok la seccion no se agrieta

resistencia del concreto

kg kg
fcc = 28.99 ―― < f'c = 210 ―― ok no sobrepasa la
cm 2 cm 2 resistencia
 ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

b) - Esfuerzo maximo si la viga se somete a 11 Tn- m

teniendo los mismos datos del enciso (a)

kg
fy ≔ 2800 ―― Mo ≔ 11 tonne ⋅ m Mo = 1100000 kg ⋅ cm
cm 2
h ≔ 65 cm
kg
f'c ≔ 210 ――
cm 2 d ≔ 59 cm
kg
fr ≔ 31 ―― b ≔ 25 cm As ≔ 15.20 cm 2
cm 2

igualamos momentos respecto al eje neutro SECCION TRANSFORMADA

∑ MC = ∑ MT

kd
b ⋅ kd ⋅ ― = n ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - kd)
2

2 ⋅ n ⋅ As 2 ⋅ n ⋅ As ⋅ d
((kd)) 2 + ―――⋅ ((kd)) - ―――― = 0
b b
2 2
⎛ ⎛ n ⋅ As ⎞⎞ ⎛ n ⋅ As ⎞ 2 ⋅ n ⋅ As ⋅ d
⎜kd + ⎜――⎟⎟ - ⎜――⎟ - ―――― = 0
⎝ ⎝ b ⎠⎠ ⎝ b ⎠ b (n) ⋅ As

despejando kd

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2
⎛ n ⋅ As ⎞ 2 ⋅ n ⋅ As ⋅ d ⎛ n ⋅ As ⎞
kd ≔ ⎜――⎟ + ―――― - ⎜――⎟
⎝ b ⎠ b ⎝ b ⎠

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2
⎛ 9 ⋅ ⎛⎝15.20 cm 2 ⎞⎠ ⎞ 2 ⋅ ((9)) ⋅ ⎛⎝15.20 cm 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ((59 cm)) 9 ⋅ ⎛⎝15.20 cm 2 ⎞⎠
kd ≔ ⎜―――――⎟ + ―――――――――― - ―――――= 20.521 cm
⎝ 25 cm ⎠ 25 cm 25 cm

kd = 20.521 cm ok

Momento de I nercia de la seccion agrietada ( I ta)

b ⋅ ((kd))
3 2
Ita ≔ ―――+ n ⋅ As ⋅ (d - kd)
3
3
25 cm ⋅ (20.521 cm) 2
Ita ≔ ―――――――+ 9 ⋅ ⎛⎝15.20 cm 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ ((59 cm - 20.521 cm))
3

Ita = 274564.22 cm 4
 ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

Calculando los esfuerzos

Esfuerzo maximo

Mo ⋅ kd ((1100000 kg ⋅ cm)) ⋅ ((20.521 cm)) kg

fccmax ≔ ――― fccmax ≔ ―――――――――― fccmax = 82.214 ―― ok
Ita 274564.22 cm 4
cm 2

Esfuerzo por Traccion del Acero

Mo ⋅ ((d - kd) ((1100000 kg ⋅ cm) ⋅ ((59 cm - 20.521 cm) kg

fcs ≔ ――――― fcs ≔ ――――――――――――― fcs = 154.16 ――
Ita 274564.22 cm 4 cm 2
ok
⎛ kg ⎞ kg
fs ≔ n ⋅ fcs fs ≔ 9 ⋅ ⎜154.16 ―― ⎟ fs = 1387.44 ―― ok
⎝ cm 2 ⎠ cm 2

Verificando con las condiciones:

kg ⎛ kg ⎞ kg
fccmax = 82.214 ―― <= 0.45 ⋅ f'c = 0.45 ⋅ ⎜210 ⋅ ―― ⎟ = 94.5 ――
cm 2 ⎝ cm 2 ⎠ cm 2
ok la seccion esta agrietada

kg kg
como : fy ≔ 2800 ―― < 4200 ―― entonces : fsmax ≔ 0.50 ⋅ fy
cm 2 cm 2

kg ⎛ kg ⎞ kg
fs = 1387.44 ―― <= fsmax ≔ 0.50 ⋅ ⎜2800 ―― 2 ⎟
= 1400 ――
cm 2 ⎝ cm ⎠ cm 2

c) - Momento de rotura por el cual la viga falla

Mo ⋅ kd
fccmax ≔ ――― fccmax ≔ 0.45 ⋅ f'c Mr ≔ Mo
Ita

((0.45 ⋅ f'c)) ⋅ Ita

>>>>> Mr ≔ ―――――
kd
⎛ kg ⎞ ⎛
0.45 ⋅ ⎜210 ⋅ ―― 2 ⎟
⋅ ⎝274564.22 cm 4 ⎞⎠
⎝ cm ⎠
Mr ≔ ――――――――――――
20.521 cm

Mr = 1264378.87 kg ⋅ cm ok

Mr = 12.644 tonne ⋅ m ok
 ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

d) - Analisis de desplazamiento del eje neutro hacia el borde comprimido con

los momentos de la pregunta anterior

resultados del enciso "a" y enciso "b"

enciso "a" con 5.5 ton-m enciso "b" con 11 ton-m

yc = 34.34 cm kd = 20.52 cm

h - yc = 30.655 cm h - kd = 44.479 cm
kg kg
fs ≔ 187.335 ―― fs = 187.335 ――
cm 2 cm 2
kg kg
fct = 25.88 ―― fccmax = 94.5 ――
cm 2 cm 2
It = 651583.874 cm 4 Ita = 274564.22 cm 4

> > como podemos observar los resultados el eje neutro y las grietas han avanzado hacia
arriba de 30.66cm a 44.48cm . en 44.48cm - 30.66cm = 13.82cm

> > los esfuerzos del acero han crecido de fs = 187.335 kg/ cm2 a fs = 1387.44kg/ cm2
casi 7 veces

> > los esfuerzos maximos de compresion en el concreto han crecido casi 3 veces de
fct= 25.88 kg/ cm2 a fccmax = 88.22kg/ cm2

> > el momento de inercia de la seccion efectiva a disminuido de It= 651583.874 cm4
a Ita= 274564.22 cm4
 ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

_________________________________________________________________________________________
EJERCI CI O I I

Calcular la resistencia ultima para la seccion de la viga que se muestra

kg kg
fy ≔ 4200 ―― f'c ≔ 280 ――
cm 2 cm 2

__________________________________________________________________________________________
solucion :
a
Mu ⋅ ―
2
fu ≔ ―――
Ib

1 - Cuantia

As 25 cm 2
ρ ≔ ―― ρ ≔ ―――――
b⋅d 30 cm ⋅ 45 cm

ρ = 0.019 ok

2 - Bloque cortante ( a)
⎛ kg ⎞
⎜4200 ―― ⎟ ⋅ 45 cm
fy ⋅ d ⎝ cm 2 ⎠
a ≔ ρ ⋅ ――― a ≔ 0.019 ⋅ ――――――― a = 15.088 cm
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⎛ kg ⎞
0.85 ⋅ ⎜280 ―― ⎟
⎝ cm 2 ⎠
C= T ⎛ kg ⎞
25 cm 2 ⋅ ⎜4200 ―― ⎟
As ⋅ fy ⎝ cm 2 ⎠
a' ≔ ―――― a' ≔ ―――――――― a' = 14.706 cm
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⎛ kg ⎞
0.85 ⋅ ⎜280 ―― ⎟ ⋅ 30 cm
⎝ cm 2 ⎠

analisis : a = 15.088 cm a > a' a' = 14.706 cm se requiere mas acero

a ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
acero As ≔ ―――――
recalculado: fy
⎛ kg ⎞
(15.088 cm) ⋅ (0.85) ⋅ ⎜280 ―― ⎟ ⋅ (30 cm)
⎝ cm 2 ⎠
As ≔ ―――――――――――――
⎛ kg ⎞
⎜4200 ―― ⎟
⎝ cm 2 ⎠

As = 25.65 cm 2
 ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

3 - Momento nominal
⎛ a⎞ ⎛ kg ⎞ ⎛ 15.088 cm ⎞
Mn ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ Mn ≔ 25.65 cm 2 ⋅ ⎜4200 ―― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜ 45 cm - ―――― ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ cm 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

Mn = 4035134.88 kg ⋅ cm ok

⎛ ρ ⋅ fy ⎞
Mn' ≔ b ⋅ d 2 ⋅ fy ⋅ ρ ⋅ ⎜1 - ――― ⎟
⎝ 1.7 ⋅ f'c ⎠
⎛ ⎛ kg ⎞ ⎞
⎜ 0.019 ⋅ ⎜4200 ―― ⎟⎟
2 ⎛ kg ⎞ cm 2 ⎠ ⎟
⎜ ⎝
Mn' ≔ 30 cm ⋅ ((45 cm)) ⋅ ⎜4200 ―― ⎟ ⋅ ((0.019)) ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――――――
⎝ cm 2 ⎠ ⎛ kg ⎞ ⎟
⎜ 1.7 ⋅ ⎜280 ―― ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ cm 2 ⎠ ⎠

Mn' = 4035122.206 kg ⋅ cm ok

analisis : Mn > Mn' tomamos el mayor

4 - Momento Ultimo

Mu ≔ 0.90 ⋅ Mn'

Mu ≔ 0.90 ⋅ (4035122.206 kg ⋅ cm) = 3631609.985 kg ⋅ cm Mu = 36.316 tonne ⋅ m ok

5 - Resistencia Ultima

recubrimiento de 6cm Ib ← inercia - bruta

a ⎛ 15.088 cm ⎞
Mu ⋅ ― (3631609.985 kg ⋅ cm) ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ kg
fu ≔ ――― fu ≔ ―――――――――――― fu = 82.613 ―― ok
Ib 3
cm 2
30 cm ⋅ ((45 cm + 6 cm))
――――――――
12
 ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

_______________________________________________________________________________________
EJERCI CI O I I I

Determinar el area de acero, para el momento dado para la seccion de viga que se muestra

Mr ≔ 1840000 kg ⋅ cm
kg
f'c ≔ 210 ――
cm 2

kg
fy ≔ 2800 ――
cm 2
As= ????

____________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUCI ON:

1 - Bloque cortante ( a)

De las formulas despejamos As

e igualamos
As ⋅ fy
a ≔ ――――
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b

a ⋅ ((0.85)) ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
>>>>>>> As ≔ ――――― I
fy

⎛ a⎞ Mn
Mn ≔ As ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟ >>>>>>> As ≔ ―――― II
⎝ 2⎠ ⎛ a⎞
fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠

I gualamos I y II y despejamos "a"

2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⋅ Mn Mu
a≔d- d 2 - ―――― III pero: Mn ≔ ―― ϕ ≔ 0.90
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b 0.90

1840000 kg ⋅ cm
Mu ≔ Mr = 1840000 kg ⋅ cm Mn ≔ ―――――― = 2044444.444 kg ⋅ cm
0.90

Remplazando valores en " III "

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2 ⋅ (2044444.444 kg ⋅ cm)
a ≔ 51.80 cm - ((51.80 cm)) - ――――――――― = 9.765 cm a = 9.765 cm
⎛ kg ⎞
0.85 ⋅ ⎜210 ―― ⎟ ⋅ ((25 cm))
⎝ cm 2 ⎠
 ALUMNO: Condezo Apac, Ruben

Remplazando en " I " y en " II "

a ⋅ ((0.85)) ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
> As ≔ ―――――
fy
⎛ kg ⎞
((9.765 cm)) ⋅ ((0.85)) ⋅ ⎜210 ―― ⋅ ((25 cm))
2 ⎟
⎝ cm ⎠
As ≔ ―――――――――――――= 15.563 cm 2 ok
kg
2800 ――
cm 2

Mn
> As ≔ ――――
⎛ a⎞
fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠

2044444.444 ((kg ⋅ cm))

As ≔ ―――――――――――― = 15.563 cm 2 ok
kg ⎛ 9.765 cm ⎞
2800 ―― ⋅ ⎜51.80 cm - ―――― ⎟
cm 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠