1.

DIFFERENTIATE INSTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC PROPERTIES

An intrinsic property is an essential or inherent property of a system or of a material itself or within. It
is independent of how much of the material is present and is independent of the form of the material,
e.g., one large piece or a collection of smaller pieces. Intrinsic properties are dependent mainly on the
chemical composition or structure of the material.
Example: mass, volume, weight, surface area, moment of inertia.
A property that is not essential or inherent is called an extrinsic property. For example, density is a
physical intrinsic property of any physical object, whereas weight is an extrinsic property that varies
depending on the strength of the gravitational field in which the respective object is placed.
For example, in biology, intrinsic effects originate from inside an organism or cell, such as
an autoimmune disease or intrinsic immunity.
Example: density, temperature, melting point, boiling point, specific heat.

2. INTENSIVE FROM EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES

Intensive Properties

Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter that is present. Examples of
intensive properties include boiling point, density and state of matter.
Example: Color
Odor
Luster - How shiny a substance is.
Malleability - The ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets.
Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires.
Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity.
Hardness - How easily a substance can be scratched.
Melting/Freezing Point - The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are
in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure.
Boiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure on
the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure).
Density - The mass of a substance divided by its volume

Extensive Properties

3. Extensive properties dodepend on the amount of matter that is present. Examples of extensive
properties include volume, mass and size.
Example: Extensive - Properties that do depend on the amount of matter present.
Mass - A measurement of the amount of matter in a object (grams).
Weight - A measurement of the gravitational force of attraction of the earth acting on an
object.
Volume - A measurement of the amount of space a substance occupies.
Length
 1.WHAT IS FLOW CHART

A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by
connecting them with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution to a given problem. Process operations are represented
in these boxes, and arrows; rather, they are implied by the sequencing of operations. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing,
documenting or managing a process or program in various fields. A flowchart is a formalized graphic representation of a logic sequence, work
or manufacturing process, organization chart, or similar formalized structure. The purpose of a flow chart is to provide people with a common
language or reference point when dealing with a project or process.

2.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IT

ADVANTAGES
1. Communication: Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of a system to all concerned.
2. Effective analysis: With the help of flowchart, problem can be analysed in more effective way.
3. Proper documentation: Program flowcharts serve as a good program documentation, which is needed for various purposes.
4. Efficient Coding: The flowcharts act as a guide or blueprint during the systems analysis and program development phase.
5. Proper Debugging: The flowchart helps in debugging process.
6. Efficient Program Maintenance: The maintenance of operating program becomes easy with the help of flowchart. It helps the
programmer to put efforts more efficiently on that part
DISADVANTAGES
1. Complex logic: Sometimes, the program logic is quite complicated. In that case, flowchart becomes complex and clumsy.
2. Alterations and Modifications: If alterations are required the flowchart may require re-drawing completely.
3. Reproduction: As the flowchart symbols cannot be typed, reproduction of flowchart becomes a problem.
4. The essentials of what is done can easily be lost in the technical details of how it is done.

The advantages of flow charts are that they are fast to make and simple to understand. The disadvantages are that they can't show
complicated ideas very well without spanning many pages or being too small to read. They are also difficult to create until you become familiar
with them.

3.SYMBOLS A statement that affects the following statements.

Examples: try, catch or withblock.
Header Block end
Start of flow. Function header or program starting Marks the end of the block started with Block start.
point. Terminator
Regular statement End of flow. Several terminators are possible in a single
A normal statement that doesn't branch, jump or loop. chart.
Decision (Decision diamond) Exception
A 2-way branch. An if or another decision. The condition Exceptional end of flow. Untrapped run-time error.
appears inside the diamond. Example: x<y? Two arrows Flow
lead out of the decision. These arrows may be labeled Execution flows along the arrows.
with Yes and No, meaning the then and else branch,
respectively.
Multiway decision
A decision with multiple alternatives.
A select or switch statement or similar. Followed by a
chain of decision diamonds depicting the actual Process
decisions taken i.e. cases executed.
Loop
Start of a repeated block. A for statement or similar.
The end of the loop body connects back to the loop
symbol. How many times the loop executes depends on
what is written inside the loop symbol.
Jump
Unconditional jump to a target outside the current flow
graph.
Block start
INPUT / OUTPUT

DECISION

MODIFICATION

TERMINAL

CONNECTOR

FLOW DIRECTION