CAPE Chemistry – Internal Assessment

Name:

Lab No.:

Date:

Module 2: Analytical Methods and Separation Techniques

Topic: Titrimetric Analysis – Back Titration

Aim: To determine the percentage of ammonia composition in an ammonium salt using back
titration.

Apparatus: Beakers, Weighing bottle, 50cm3 burette, 25cm3 pipette, pipette filler, filter funnel,
250cm3 volumetric flask, analytical balance, conical flasks.

Reagents: Ammonium salt, 0.1mol/dm3 Sodium hydroxide, 0.1mol/dm3 Hydrochloric Acid,

Distilled Water, Red Litmus Paper.

Procedure: A. Preparation of Ammonium Salt Solution

1. Weigh a small beaker using an electronic balance. Record the mass of the beaker.
2. Add 1.3grams of the ammonium salt provided to the beaker.
3. Record the mass of the beaker and its contents.
4. Empty the contents of the small beaker into a larger beaker. Reweigh the small
beaker. Record the value obtained.
5. Using distilled water dissolve the Ammonium Salt in the large beaker.
6. Transfer the solution to a volumetric flask and make up the solution to 250cm3

B. Back Titration
1. Rinse 25cm3 pipette with Ammonia salt solution.
2. Pipette 25cm3 of Ammonia salt solution into a conical flask.
3. Rinse the pipette with water followed by small quantities of sodium hydroxide.
4. Pipette 50cm3 of Sodium Hydroxide solution into the conical flask containing
ammonium salt solution.
5. Heat conical flask containing ammonium salt and sodium hydroxide solutions until
boiling. Boil gently until all Ammonia gas has evolved.
6. Use red litmus paper to ensure all gas has evolved.
7. Allow solution to cool to room temperature.
8. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein.
9. Rinse burette with Hydrochloric acid solution and then fill the burette with the
same solution.
10. Back titrate the sodium hydroxide with the hydrochloric acid.

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Results

A – Preparation of Ammonium Salt Solution

Weight of empty beaker

Weight of empty beaker + salt
Weight of beaker + residue
Weight of ammonium salt
Volume of Solution

B – Titration

Rough 1 2 3
Final Reading
Initial Reading
Volume Used

Average Volume Used/ Titre:

Indicator Used:

Colour Change:

Calculations

1. Number of moles of Hydrochloric Acid in average volume (2 marks)

2. Balanced chemical equations:

- Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide and Ammonia ( 2 marks)

- Reaction of excess Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid (2 marks)

3. Number of moles of excess Sodium Hydroxide in reaction flask (2 marks)

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 4. Initial Number of moles of Sodium Hydroxide (2 marks)

5. Number of moles of sodium hydroxide which reacted with Ammonia. (2 marks)

6. Number of moles of ammonia salt that reacted initially ( 1 mark)

7. Molarity of Ammonia solution (2 marks)

8. Mass concentration of ammonium ion ( 2marks)

9. Weight percentage of ammonia salt ( 2marks)

Conclusion:

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CAPE Chemistry – Internal Assessment

Name:

Lab No.:

Date:

Module 2: Analytical Methods and Separation Techniques

Topic: Titrimetric Analysis – Back Titration

Aim: To determine the percentage of ammonia composition in an

ammonium salt using back titration.

Manipulation & Measurement

Burette

1. Burette washed with hydrochloric acid (1 mark)

2. Tap off when burette filled (1 mark)
3. Tip filled (1 mark)
4. No air bubbles (1 mark)
5. Funnel removed before titrating (1 mark)
6. Eyes level with bottom of the meniscus (1 mark)
Pipette

1. Tip kept below level of liquid when filling (1 mark)

2. Bottom of meniscus level with mark above bulb (1 mark)
3. Proper manipulation of the pipette filler (1 mark)
4. Eyes level with bottom of meniscus to check (1 mark)
5. No air bubbles (1 mark)
6. Drain by gravity (1 mark)

Total - /12marks