DATA

A. Material Properties
1) Concrete Strength, fc’ = 30 Mpa
2) Yield Strength, fy = 370 Mpa
3) Elastic Modulus of Concrete
Ec = 4700 fc' = 4700 30 = 25742 . 96 Mpa
4) Elastic Modulus of Rebar = 200,000 Mpa
5) Weight Unit of Concrete = 2400 kg/m3
6) Weight Unit of Rebar = 7850 kg/m3

B. Dimensions
1) X direction, 4 bays @ 3.5 m
2) Y direction, 4 bays @ 6.5 m
3) 10 stories @ 4.0 m
POT
B

A A
POT POT
POT
B

Figure 1. Plan and side view (unit is in ‘mm’)

C. Assumed Parameters
1) Reinforced concrete structure (Special Moment Resisting Frame, SRMF)
2) Located in highest risk seismic zone in Indonesia
3) Building occupancy is residential (office affairs)
4) Open frames and without secondary beams
5) Medium soil type (stiff)

D. Standard Requirements
1) Loading Provision (SNI 1727:2013)
2) Design Procedures of Concrete Structure For Building (SNI 2847:2013)
3) Design Procedures of Earthquake Resistance For Building (SNI 1726:2012)

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PRELIMINARY DESIGN

A. Dimension of Beams

B1 B2 B2 B1

B3 B3 B3 B3 B3

B1 B2 B2 B1

B4 B4 B4 B4 B4

B1 B2 B2 B1

B4 B4 B4 B4 B4

B1 B2 B2 B1

B3 B3 B3 B3 B3

B1 B2 B2 B1

Figure 2. Beam Layout

1) Beam height - one end continuous beam

L fy
hmin = (0.4 + )
18.5 700
2) Beam height - two ends continuous beam
L fy
hmin = (0.4 + )
21 700
3) Beam width
2
b= h
3
and the ratio between width over height shall be at least 0.3

4) Effective depth
1
d =h− Tul. Utama − Sengkang − d '
2
Calculations of dimension of beams are tabulated in Table 1.

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 Table 1. Dimension of Beams
Beam
Length hmin hused bmin
Beams Designation Dimensions
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
(Used)

B1 One end continuous 3500 175.68 400 117.117 250/400

B2 Two ends continuous 3500 154.76 400 103.175 250/400
B3 One end continuous 6500 326.255 500 217.503 300/500
B4 Two ends continuous 6500 287.415 500 191.610 300/500
Note: Dimensions of beam used for each floor are typical.

B. Dimension of Columns
For preliminary design, the dimension of column should be:
1 4 1 3
h bBeam hBeam 3
I Column I Beam 12 Column b h
≥ = ≥ 12 → hColumn = 4 Beam Beam ⋅ LColumn
LColumn LBeam LColumn LBeam LBeam

Calculations of dimension of columns are tabulated in Table 2.

Table 2. Dimension of Columns

Length Length of hmin for h used Column
bBeam hBeam
Level Column of Beam Column Column for Dimension
(mm) (mm)
(mm) (mm) (mm) column (Used)

X Direction
Base - 3 C1 3500 4000 250 400 367.72909 750 750/750
4-6 C2 3500 4000 250 400 367.72909 650 650/650
7-9 C2 3500 4000 250 400 367.72909 500 500/500
Y Direction
Base - 3 C3 6500 4000 300 500 389.7575 750 750/750
4-6 C4 6500 4000 300 500 389.7575 650 650/650
7-9 C4 6500 4000 300 500 389.7575 500 500/500

C. Dimension of Shells

bE

h B1 B1

bw Ln

Figure 3. Section of exterior and interior beam

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 1) Calculate the effective width
a. Exterior Beam
Assumed thickness of shell (t) = 120 mm
Effective width (bE) = bw + (h − t )
= 300 + (500 – 120) = 680 mm
or, bE = bw + 4t
= 300 + 4 (120) = 780 mm
Thus, bE = 680 mm (taken the smallest)

b. Interior Beam
Assumed thickness of shell (t) = 120 mm
Effective width (bE) = bw + 2 (h − t )
= 300 + 2 (500 – 120) = 1060 mm
or, bE = bw + 8t
= 300 + 8 (120) = 1260 mm
Thus, bE = 1060 mm (taken the smallest)

2) The stiffness value of shell

⎛ bE ⎞ ⎛ t ⎞ ⎡ ⎛ t ⎞ ⎛ bE ⎞ ⎛ t ⎞ ⎤
2 3
⎛t⎞
1+ ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎢4 − 6 ⎜ ⎟ + 4 ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎝ bw ⎠ ⎝ h ⎠ ⎣⎢ ⎝h⎠ ⎝ h ⎠ ⎝ bw ⎠ ⎝ h ⎠ ⎦⎥
K=
⎛ bE ⎞ ⎛ t ⎞
1+ ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ bw ⎠ ⎝ h ⎠

3) Inertia moment of beam

bw ⋅ h 3
I Beam = K
12
4) Inertia moment of beam
L ⋅t3
I Shell =
12
5) Ratio of flexural beam stiffness is
Ec ⋅ I Beam
α=
Ec ⋅ I Shell
Because typical floor (shell) is same, then α beam of the floor can be presented in
Table 3.
Table 3. Value of α beam (exterior)
L bw h t bE1 bE2 bEmin Ib Is Value
No. (α) K
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm4) (mm4) (α)
1 α1 3500 300 500 120 680 780 680 1.4 4442112638 504000000 8.814
2 α2 6500 300 500 120 680 780 680 1.4 4442112638 936000000 4.746
3 α3 3500 300 500 120 680 780 680 1.4 4442112638 504000000 8.814
4 α4 6500 300 500 120 680 780 680 1.4 4442112638 936000000 4.746

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 Table 4. Value of α beam (interior)
L bw h t bE1 bE2 bEmin Ib Is Value
No. (α) K 4 4
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm ) (mm ) (α)
1 α1 3500 300 500 120 1060 1260 1060 1.7 5281902687 504000000 10.480
2 α2 6500 300 500 120 1060 1260 1060 1.7 5281902687 936000000 5.643
3 α3 3500 300 500 120 1060 1260 1060 1.7 5281902687 504000000 10.480
4 α4 6500 300 500 120 1060 1260 1060 1.7 5281902687 936000000 5.643

6) Calculation of shell thickness control

αm =
∑α
n
a. Exterior
Due to regular building which total height of building does not exceed 10 levels or
40 meter, thus αm for exterior is assumed typical. Therefore, αm can be obtained:
8.814 + 4.746 + 8.814 + 4.476
αm = = 6.645
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b. Interior
Due to regular building which total height of building does not exceed 10 levels or
40 meter, thus αm for interior is assumed typical. Therefore, αm can be obtained:
10.480 + 5.643 + 10.480 + 5.643
αm = = 8.0615
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7) Calculate the ratio between ly and lx for clear span
l y − bw y 6500 − 300
β= = = 1.908
l x − bw x 3500 − 250
8) Calculate the thickness of shell
Due to αm is greater than 2.0, thus the thickness of shell should use:
fy ⎛ 370 ⎞
Ln (0.8 + ) (6500 − 300) ⎜ 0.8 + ⎟
h= 1500 = ⎝ 1500 ⎠
= 122.044 mm ≅ 130 mm
36 + 9β 36 + 9 (1.908)

∴ Shell thickness that used is 130 mm for each floor in structure.

BASE SHEAR CALCULATION

A. Parameters

Regarding the parameters assumption above, factors that affect base shear can be known.
Ø Risk category : II
Ø Importance factor : Ie (Office affairs)
Ø Response modification coefficient (R) : 8 (SMRF Table 9 RSNI 03-1726-20xx)
For attain the natural period, firstly we should determine the other parameters.

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Ø Soil acceleration (SS and S1)
Note: Highest risk seismic zone in Indonesia

Based on map for SS (earthquake spectral response acceleration parameters,

considered maximum risk-targeted (MCER), Period Earthquake Re = 2500 years), T = 0.2
sec; Site Class SB.
SS = 1.5g
And for S1 (earthquake spectral response acceleration parameters, considered
maximum risk-targeted (MCER), Period Earthquake Re = 2500 years), T = 1.0 sec; Site Class
SB
S1 = 1.0g

1) Site Classification (SA-SF)

SD (Medium Soil) : V s (m/sec) = 175 - 350
N = 15 – 50
Su = 50 – 100

2) Site Coefficient (Fa and Fv)

Based on number of soil acceleration and site classification, Fa and Fv can be known.
Fa = 1 and Fv = 1.5

3) Response Spectrum Acceleration (SMS and SM1)

S MS = Fa × S S = (1)(1.5) = 1.5
S M 1 = Fv × S1 = (1.5)(1.0) = 1.5

4) Acceleration Design (SDS and SD1)

2 2 2 2
S DS = S MS = (1.5) = 1.0 and S D1 = S M 1 = (1.5) = 1.0
3 3 3 3

5) Seismic Design Category (KDS)

a. Short period
KDS = D → SMRF
b. 1 second period
KDS = D → SMRF

6) Response Spectrum Design

S ⎛ 1.0 ⎞ S 1.0
T0 = 0.2 D1 = 0.2⎜ ⎟ = 0.2 and TS = D1 = = 1.0
S DS ⎝ 1.0 ⎠ S DS 1.0

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 a. For T < T0 , the design acceleration of response spectrum (Sa), must be taken out
⎛ T ⎞
of the equation S a = S DS ⎜⎜ 0.4 + 0.6 ⎟⎟
⎝ T0 ⎠
b. For T0 ≤ T ≤ TS , then S a = S DS
S D1
c. For T > TS , then S a =
T
Table 5. Value of Sa
T < T0 T0 ≤ Τ ≤ TS T > TS
T Sa T Sa T Sa
0.00 0.400 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.909
0.02 0.460 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.833
0.04 0.520 0.4 1.0 1.3 0.769
0.06 0.580 0.5 1.0 1.4 0.714
0.08 0.640 0.6 1.0 1.5 0.667
0.10 0.700 0.7 1.0 1.6 0.625
0.12 0.760 0.8 1.0 1.7 0.588
0.14 0.820 0.9 1.0 1.8 0.556
0.16 0.880 1.0 1.0 1.9 0.526
0.18 0.940 2.0 0.500
2.2 0.455
2.4 0.417
2.6 0.385
2.8 0.357
3.0 0.333

Response Spectrum
1.2
1.0
0.8
Sa 0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
T (Period)

Response Spectrum

Figure 4. Response Spectrum Curve

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B. Approach of Fundamental Period
According to RSNI 1726:20xx Article 7.8.2.1 Page 60, approach of fundamental period
(Ta) in second, must be determined with the equation below:
Ta = Ct hnx
Where, hn = total height of the structure (in meter)
Ct and x are determined in Table 15 RSNI 1726:20xx

Ta = 0.046 (40)
0.9
= 1.272 sec

C. Response Spectrum Design of Equivalent Lateral Force

Figure 5. Response Spectrum Design for ELF

Seismic response coefficient CS used shall comply:

S DS 1
CS = = = 0.125
⎛ R ⎞ ⎛8⎞
⎜ I ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ e ⎠ ⎝1⎠
Calculated CS shall not exceed:
S D1 1
CS = = = 0.098
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 8⎞
T⎜ R ⎟ (1.272) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ Ie ⎠ ⎝1⎠
And must not less than 0.044 S DS I e ≥ 0.01. In addition, for structure which locate where S1
equals or more than 0.6g, then CS must not less than
0.5S1 0.5 × 1.0
CS = = = 0.0625
⎛R ⎞ ⎛8⎞
⎜ I ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ e⎠ ⎝1⎠
Thus, CS = 0.098

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D. Weight of Structure
Weight measurement of each level consists of Dead Load (floor load, column load,
beam load, and brick wall load) and Live Load. Loads acting on structural members are
defined as follows:
Ø Live load = 250 kg/m2
Live Load (Roof) = 100 kg/m2
Ø Brick wall = 250 kg/m2
Ø Floor, column and beam are calculated depending on each volume weight unit of
concrete.

1) Roof Floor
a. Dead Load
Ø Floor load
W1 = t Shell × LyTotal × LxTotal × Weight Unit of Concrete
Ø Beam load
X Direction
W2 x = hBeam × bBeam × (n ⋅ LxTotal ) × Weight Unit of Concrete
Y Direction
W2 y = hBeam × bBeam × (n ⋅ Ly Total ) × Weight Unit of Concrete
b. Live Load
WLL = 100 kg m 2 × Ly Total × LxTotal
c. Ultimate Weight
Wu = DL + 0.25 LL

2) Floor 9 – Base Floor

a. Dead Load
Ø Floor load
W1 = t Shell × LyTotal × LxTotal × Weight Unit of Concrete
Ø Beam load
X Direction
W2 x = hBeam × bBeam × (n ⋅ LxTotal ) × Weight Unit of Concrete
Y Direction
W2 y = hBeam × bBeam × (n ⋅ Ly Total ) × Weight Unit of Concrete
Ø Column load
W3 = nColumn × hColumn × bColumn × LColumn × Weight Unit of Concrete
Ø Brick Wall load
W4 = 250 kg m 2 × LColumn ((nWall x ⋅ LxTotal )+ (nWall y ⋅ LyTotal ))

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 b. Live Load
WLL = 250 kg m 2 × Ly Total × LxTotal
c. Ultimate Weight
Wu = DL + 0.25 LL

Table 6. Weight calculation of structure

Dead Load Live
Total Load
Floor Beam Column Brick Wall
Height Dead Wu
Level
W1 W2x W2y W3 W4 Load WLL
(mm) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg)
Roof 4000 113568 16800 46800 177168 36400 186268
9 4000 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
8 4000 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
7 4000 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
6 4000 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
5 4000 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
4 4000 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
3 4000 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
2 4000 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
1 4000 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
Base 0 113568 16800 46800 86400 80000 343568 91000 366318
Total
40000 Total Weight of Structure WuTotal 3849448
Height

E. Base Shear
V = C S × WuTotal = 0.098 × 3849448 = 378178.336 kg = 378.178 ton

F. Earthquake Force Distribution and Story Shear

1) Earthquake Force Distribution
w hk
Fx = C vxV = n x x V
∑ wi hik i =1

2) Story Shear
n
V x = Ft + ∑ Fi
i=x

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 Table 7. Recapitulation of earthquake force distribution and story shear
Base Story
Seismic Force Distribution
Shear Shear
Level
V hi h ik Wi (Wi) (hik) Fx = Fy Total Vx
(ton) (m) (m) (ton) (ton-m) (ton) (ton)
Roof 378.178 40 166.245 186.268 30966.06585 45.683 45.683
9 378.178 36 143.655 366.318 52623.266 77.633 123.317
8 378.178 32 122.015 366.318 44696.247 65.939 189.256
7 378.178 28 101.397 366.318 37143.569 54.797 244.052
6 378.178 24 81.889 366.318 29997.368 44.254 288.307
5 378.178 20 63.601 366.318 23298.260 34.371 322.678
4 378.178 16 46.680 366.318 17099.700 25.227 347.904
3 378.178 12 31.329 366.318 11476.266 16.931 364.835
2 378.178 8 17.859 366.318 6541.931 9.651 374.486
1 378.178 4 6.832 366.318 2502.784 3.692 378.178
Σ 256345.457 378.178
Note: Due to T = 1.272 < 0.5, thus k = 1.386 (Interpolation)

DRIFT CONTROL

Based on RSNI 1726:20xx, drift control can be known using the equation below:
C ⋅δ
δ x = d xe
Ie
Where:
δx = deflection at floor x
Cd = deflection magnification factor (5.5) (RSNI 1726:201X Table 9)
Ie = importance factor (1.0) (RSNI 1726:201X Article 4.1.2)

Figure 6. Story drift deviation between the floor

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 Table 9. Control structure performance limits due to earthquake load equivalent static in x
axis direction
Status
δe δe (n+1) - δe (n) Δ Δa
Δ < Δa
Level
Ux Uy Ux Uy Ux Uy Ux Uy Ux Uy
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Roof 86.295 30.972 3.519 1.212 19.355 6.664 80 80 Safe Safe
9 82.776 29.760 5.998 2.072 32.990 11.397 80 80 Safe Safe
8 76.778 27.688 8.489 2.989 46.687 16.439 80 80 Safe Safe
7 68.289 24.699 8.839 3.308 48.614 18.195 80 80 Safe Safe
6 59.450 21.391 10.187 3.779 56.027 20.786 80 80 Safe Safe
5 49.264 17.611 11.451 4.211 62.980 23.160 80 80 Safe Safe
4 37.813 13.400 11.609 4.282 63.850 23.551 80 80 Safe Safe
3 26.204 9.118 11.518 4.142 63.351 22.782 80 80 Safe Safe
2 14.685 4.976 9.901 3.418 54.457 18.799 80 80 Safe Safe
1 4.784 1.558 4.784 1.558 26.312 8.571 80 80 Safe Safe
Note: n = level of structure

Table 10. Control structure performance limits due to earthquake load equivalent static in y
axis direction
Status
δe δe (n+1) - δe (n) Δ Δa
Δ < Δa
Level
Ux Uy Ux Uy Ux Uy Ux Uy Ux Uy
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Roof 25.889 103.239 1.056 4.039 5.807 22.214 80 80 Safe Safe
9 24.833 99.200 1.799 6.907 9.897 37.988 80 80 Safe Safe
8 23.033 92.293 2.547 9.963 14.006 54.798 80 80 Safe Safe
7 20.487 82.330 2.652 11.027 14.584 60.651 80 80 Safe Safe
6 17.835 71.302 3.056 12.598 16.808 69.288 80 80 Safe Safe
5 14.779 58.704 3.435 14.036 18.894 77.200 80 80 Safe Safe
4 11.344 44.668 3.483 14.273 19.155 78.503 80 80 Safe Safe
3 7.861 30.395 3.456 13.807 19.005 75.940 80 80 Safe Safe
2 4.406 16.588 2.970 11.393 16.337 62.663 80 80 Safe Safe
1 1.435 5.194 1.435 5.194 7.894 28.569 80 80 Safe Safe
Note: n = level of structure

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