1- large bore piping for sizes ≥ 2.

5", small bore piping for sizes ≤ 2"

2- Flat face flanges require full face gasket
3- Raised face flanges require ring gasket or spiral wound
4- stainless steel pipe bundle always 6m for any size
5- the welding for stainless steel piping require purging by inert gas
6- welding equipment require from 33A to 63A
7- the gap for socket weld 1.5mm to 3mm
8- to calculate stud bolt size (flange thickness+ 1.5*bolt dia.)*2 + gasket thickness
9- (PQR)procedure qualifications record: suggested procedure of welding
which reflected in WPS if accepted
10- hydro-test test pressure= 1.5 design pressure
11- pneumatic test pressure= 1.1 design pressure
12- 1 inch steel wire = 10 ton load (decrease 25% for safety)
13- for chemical anchor bolts M16--> use drill bit 18mm --> hole depth +13mm & M20-->
use drill bit 24mm --> hole depth +17.5mm
14- Painting welded joints not affected hydro-test
15- Pipe thickness less or equal 8mm welded full GTAW
16- Pipe thickness more than 8mm welded 2 pass GTAW (root + hot) then SMAW
17- always separate stainless steel piping & carbon steel piping in the storing
18- put temporary gasket @ terminal points only
19- Allowable stresses. B31.1 allowable are lower than B31.3 because b31.3 plants
generally have a plant life of about 20 to 30 years. B31.1 on the other is about 40
years, B31.1 is MORE conservative than B31.3
20- stainless steel pipe to be isolated from steel supports by red rubber tape or stainless
steel shims
21- Insulating flange kits include gasket, sleeve & washer are provided to prevent
galvanic corrosion between dissimilar metals check detail
22- Piping material selection according to (flow medium, operating condition, life time,
fabrication & most economical)
23- Crystal structures in metal alloys (FCC, BCC & HCP)
24- FCC more ductile than BCC
25- FCC the most tight structure
26- Steam trap used to discharge condensate from steam piping
27- Types of steam traps (float, thermostatic, thermodynamic, inverted bucket)
28- Types of strainers (conical start up, WYE, basket)
29- Types of expansion joints (slip, ball, metal bellows & rubber bellows)
30- Stop valve=Isolation valve=Division valve & can be (gate, globe, ball, butterfly, plug
& diaphragm)
31- Valve selection according to (pressure drop, seat leakage, fluid properties, system
leakage, actuation requirements, initial cost & maintenance)
32- Expansion joint used to absorb thermal expansion if the use of expansion loops is
undesirable or impractical
33- use eccentric reducers are for slurry systems and where it is imperative to totally
drain ALL condensed fluid, eccentric reducers can avoid small "dead spots" that exist
behind concentric reducers
34- use FOT(flat on top) eccentric reducers in pump suction line to avoid accumulation
of gas pockets.
35- use FOB(flat on bottom) eccentric reducers if there is drain in the same line
36- use FOB(flat on bottom) eccentric reducers in slurry system
37- Design temperature more than service temperature
38- Maximum sustained pressure + occasional pressure + transient pressure less or
equal design pressure by code
39- Design pressure safe for short occasional or short operating periods if higher than
design pressure if loop pressure less than (Y SA max allowable pressure)
Y = 15% if event less than continuous 8 hrs/day or 800 hr/year
Y = 20% if event less than continuous 1 hrs/day or 80 hr/year
40- Strainers used to protect equipment sensitive from dirt or other particles carried by
fluid
41- Valve selection according to (Function, Pressure drop, Work temperature, Closing
time, Type of joint, Seat tightness, Type of seat, Type of medium, Materials, Design &
operating condition)
42- Valve sizing according to (Pressure drop, Flow rate, Diameter & Usage)
43- Threaded joints used in low pressure small bore & non flammable service
44- Thread sealants = pipe dope to ensure a leak tight joint (zinc, nickel & oil)
45- Standard ASME B1.20.1 Pipe thread dimensions
46- Bolted joints used in these cases components can’t be service inline, not capable of
being welded, quick field assembly required, frequently remove component for service
or low cost & time save
47- The schedule affect the internal diameter of pipe only
48- Blind flange is the dead end
49- Cast iron is kind of alloy
50- Blank flange is flange not drilled
51- Low electrical conductivity mean greater resistance for heating
52- Argon heavier than air but helium lighter than air
53- Humidity of fluxes may result porosity or cracking
54- Pre-heating: used to control the formation of H2 cracks
55- Post weld heat treatment used to relive the trapped elastic stress
56- Stainless piping used with dry air, galvanized piping used with compressed air
57- Types of connections (Butt weld, Socket weld, Screw joint, Bolted flange
& Coupling)
58- Types of branches (TEE, OLET, Pipe to pipe (reinforcement pad))
59- Large bore piping divided to 3 types
a- standard schedule(thickness 4.75mm to 9.53mm)
b- high schedule(thickness 9.54mm to 19mm)
c- critical schedule(thickness more than 19mm)
each type different in the shape of welding groove
60- Usually small bore piping connections are socket weld or threaded
61- Usually large bore piping connection is butt weld
62- slip on flange welding dia. inch = 1.4 weld neck flange welding dia. inch
63- raised face thickness 1/16"
64- The raised face flange provide a relatively large contact area. Where metal
gasketsare used with this facing, the gasket area should be reduced to increase the
gasket compression.
65- Threaded & sockolet fitting ASME B16.11, Butt weld fitting ASME B16.9
66- Carbon steel A53 used in straight run pipe but A106 used in short spools
67- A106 replace the A53, but not vice versa
68- Phosphorus has four major effects on iron: increased hardness and strength, lower
solidus temperature, increas