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Mempengaruhi
Tumbuh Kembang
Saleha Sungkar
Parasitologi FKUI
Ascaris lumbricoides
Epidemiology
Worldwide: tropics, all ages, poor
Life cycle
Egg ingested duod blood vessel
liver lung trachea small
intestine egg soil
Egg Adultworm: 2 months
Clinical manifestation
10 – 20 worms asymptomatic
Large numbers of adults:
abdominal pain, obstruction, malnutrition
During pulmonary stage:
cough, dyspnea (Loeffler syndrome)
Adult migrate into bile duct, appendix,
etc.
Diagnosis
Stool examination
for eggs
Treatment
Life cycle
Egg ingested hatch in the small
intest larvae adult worm in
caecum/asc. colon.
Egg Adult female = 60-70 days
Clinical
manifestation
Nekatoriasis, ankilostomiasis
Perkebunan, pertambangan
Prevalensi di Indonesia tinggi: 30-50%
Morfologi
Cacing betina: 1 cm
Cacing jantan: 0.8 cm, bursa
kopulatriks
N.americanus: menyerupai huruf S
mempunyai benda khitin
A.duodenale: menyerupai huruf C
mempunyai 2 pasang gigi
Morfologi Cacing dewasa
Ukuran: 60x40
mikron,
Jumlah telur
A.duodenale
20.000/hari,
N.americanus
10.000/hari
Telur mati pd 45oC
dlm bbrp jam dan
0oC dlm 7 hari
Larva
Larva:
- kulit: ground itch, dew itch
- makulopapular, eritema
Bila:
seekor cacing mengisap darah 0.2
cc/hari
jumlah cacing/pasien: ± 20 ekor
Jantan
Siklus Hidup “Free living” Telur Di Alam
tak Langsung Betina Bebas
3. Autoinfection
• Reinfection
• In intestine / perianal: rhabditiform filariform
• Cause of chronic strongyloidiasis
• In non endemic area
Clinical Manifestation
Mode of infection:
filariform larvae penetrates the skin
Larval stage:
filariform creeping eruption
(Skin eruption + severe itch)
2. Adult stage
Drug of Choice:
- Albendazole 400 mg / day, 3 – 5 days
- Ivermectin 200 ug/day, 4 days
Alternative Drug:
1. Mebendazole 3 X 100 mg/ day,
2 – 4 weeks
2. Thiabendazole 25 mg/kg BW,
1 - 2X/ day, 3 days
PROGNOSIS
Hyperinfection : Bad
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Warm Climate
High Humidity Good for Indirect Cycle
Lack of Hygiene
- Community Education
- Improve Hygiene and Sanitation
eg. Skin protection from contaminated soil
Properly made and used of latrine
Larva Rhabditiform Larva Filariform
S. stercoralis S. stercoralis
Larva Rhabditiform
Cacing tambang
Larva Filariform
Cacing tambang
Adult Male
Adult Female
FLAGELATA
8-12 mikron,
lonjong
2-4 inti
Dinding kista
Giardia lamblia
Bentuk kista
oval
ukuran: 10–
14 ц
nuclei
2-4 nukleus
2 blefaroplas
Parabasal
bodies 2 benda
Cyst wall
parabasal
Bentuk vegetatif
Giardia lamblia
Vegetative form
ukuran: 14 micron
sucker
Bentuk seperti jambu
monyet
2 nukleus
Parabasal
nuclei bodies 2 aksostil
2 blefaroplas
axostyles 4 pasang flagel
2 benda parabasal
Giardia lamblia
Habitat
Usus halus
Saluran dan kandung empedu
Prognosis:
- Baik bila pengobatan tepat disertai
perbaikan lingkungan dan sanitasi
Epidemiologi
Kosmopolit
Prevalensi: 2-2,5%
Jakarta: 4,4%
Epidemiologi
Terima Kasih