17

New Technical Advances

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Development of Tight-Gas Fields

- Multifractured horizontal wells

- Multilateral wells

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Multifractured Horizontal Wells

Fracture 2ze

rL
pL

2xf
Horizontal
Wellbore

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

 Drainage
Boundary

pL Horizontal
Wellbore
e
z

kH

w
kf
h pr pwf

Fracture Wing

xf
Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo
Fracture Fracture
Linear Linear
Flow Flow
Fracture Radial Flow

pr pwf

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Multifractured Horizontal Gas Wells
q=
1
(p 2
− p wf
2
)
⎛ 1 1 1 ⎞
⎜⎜ + + ⎟⎟
⎝ JR JL Jr ⎠
kH h
JR =
⎛1 4A ⎞
⎜
1424 z μ g T ⎜ ln ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 γC A rL
2
⎠

JL = ∑
n

i =1
4.49 × 10 −4 k H h
z μ g zei ci T
1− e
−
( ci x f i
)
n 5.85 × 10 −5 k fwi wwi
Jr = ∑
i =1 ⎧⎪ ⎡ h ⎤ ⎫⎪
z μ g T ⎨ln ⎢ ⎥ + π − (1.224 − si − Dq )⎬
⎪⎩ ⎢⎣ 2rwi ⎥⎦ ⎪⎭
Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo
Problem 17-1:
For the following data, identify the dominant factors
controlling well productivity.

Pay zone thickness: 52 ft

Horizontal permeability: 0.59 md
Fracture width: 0.25 in.

Darcy skin factor: 1

Wellbore radius: 0.328 ft
Reservoir pressure: 4,613 psia
Total measured depth: 12,545 ft
Average inclination angle: 4 deg
Tubing I.D.: 3.5 in.
Gas specific gravity: 0.65 air=1
Gas viscosity: Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo 0.022 cp
Oil production rate: 1 stb/day
Oil specific gravity: 0.85 H2O=1
Water cut: 17 %
Water specific gravity: 1.07 H2O=1
Solid production rate: 1 ft3/d
Solid specific gravity: 2.65 H2O=1
Tubing head temperature: 104 oF

Bottom hole temperature: 187 oF

Tubing head pressure: 2000 psia

Fracture width near wellbore: 0.125 in.
Pipe wall roughness: 0.01 in.

Number of fractures: 4
Average fracture half length: 500 ~ 2,500 ft
Average fracture spacing (2ze): 1,000 ft
Fracture permeability: 60,000 md
Well drainage area: Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo 2,880 acres
Solution:
This problem can be solved with the
spreadsheet program Multi-Frac Horizontal Gas
Wells.xls.

JR = ?

JL = ?

Jr = ?

How to improve productivity of the well?

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Multilateral Wells

Fishbone Well Root Well

Depth (ft)

2150
p

2200

2250

2300

West 2350 East

-480 -320 -160 0 160 320 480

Horizontal Displacement (ft)

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Fishbone Well

p
pPL

2yb
L
rP
L

pw
f

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Outer Region
p
pPL

2yb

L
rP
L

Inner
Region

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

 Flow in the Outer Region

p
pPL
kH h
JR = 2yb

L
⎛1 ⎞

rP
4A

L
1424 μ g z T ⎜⎜ ln ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 γC r 2
A PL ⎠

CA = 39.51 - 8.5214RA
2(n + 1) yb L
rPL = (n + 1) yb
π RA =
2L
Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo
 z
streamline

h
rw y

Flow in the Inner Region yt

yb

p
pPL

2yb
L

z
rP
L

h rw

2yb

n
k H Li
J PL = ∑
i =1 ⎧⎪ ⎡ hI ani ⎤ πy bi ⎫⎪
1424 μ g z T ⎨ I ani ln ⎢ ⎥+ − I ani (1.224 − ( s i + Dq ) )⎬
⎪⎩ (
⎢⎣ wi ani
r I + 1) ⎥⎦ h ⎪⎭

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Fishbone Gas Well Productivity

q=
1
(p 2
− p wf
2
)
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
⎜⎜ + ⎟⎟
⎝ J PL J R ⎠

kH h
JR =
⎛1 4A ⎞
1424 μ g z T ⎜⎜ ln ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 γC A rPL
2
⎠

n
k H Li
J PL = ∑
i =1 ⎧⎪ ⎡ hI ani ⎤ πy bi ⎫⎪
1424 μ g z T ⎨ I ani ln ⎢ ⎥+ − I ani (1.224 − ( s i + Dq ) )⎬
⎪⎩ (
⎢⎣ wi ani
r I + 1) ⎥⎦ h ⎪⎭

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Problem 17-2:
For the following data, identify the dominant factors
controlling well productivity.
Pay zone thickness: 39 ft
Horizontal permeability: 1.2 md
Wellbore radius: 0.328 ft
Darcy skin factor: 4.8
Non-Darcy skin coefficient: 0.001 day/Mscf
Reservoir pressure: 4613 psia
Total measured depth: 7,000 ft
Average inclination angle: 3.2 deg
Tubing I.D.: 3.5 in.
Gas specific gravity: 0.65 air=1
Gas viscosity: 0.022 cp
Gas z-factor: 0.958
Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo
Oil production rate: 1 stb/day
Oil specific gravity: 0.85 H2O=1
Water cut: 16 %
Water specific gravity: 1.05 H2O=1
Solid production rate: 1.1 ft 3/d
Solid specific gravity: 2.65 H2O=1
Tubing head temperature: 98 oF
Bottom hole temperature: 182 oF
Tubing head pressure: 2000 psia
Drainage area: 640 acres
Wall roughness: 0.01 in.
Number of rib holes: 4
Rib hole length: 500 ft
Rib hole spacing (2yb ): 1000 ft
Vertical permeability: 0.33 md
Dietz shape factor based on aspect ratio of 22.6

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Solution:
This problem can be solved with the
spreadsheet program Pseudosteady Production
of Fishbone Gas Well.xls.

JR = ?

JPL = ?

How to improve productivity of the well?

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Root Well

Each lateral contains 3 sections:

- Vertical Hn

- Curve Rn
H3 Ln

- Horizontal L3 R3
H2

R2 L2
H1

L1 R1

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo
Problem 17-3:
For the following data, identify the dominant factors controlling
well productivity.
Horizontal Sections:

1 2 3 4
Lateral No.:

3700 3500 3000 2800 psia

Bottom hole
o
Temperature (T) 270 260 250 230 F
Gas Compressibility
Factor (z) 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.98
Gas Specific Gravity
air=1
(γg) 0.85 0.83 0.80 0.75

IPR Coefficient (C) 0.04 0.035 0.03 0.02

IPR Coefficient (n) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo
Curve Sections:

Lateral No.: 1 2 3 4

Radius of Curve
(R) 200 200 200 200 ft
Inclination Angle
(θ) 45 45 45 45 o

Tubing Diameter
(di) 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 in

Pipe Roughness (ε) 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 in

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Vertical Sections:

Lateral No.: 1 2 3 4

ft
Interval Length (H) 250 300 200 3000
Tubing Diameter (di) 4.5 4.5 4.5 5 in
Pipe Roughness (ε) 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 in

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

If

at wellhead:
Pressure (pwh) 1000 psia
o
Temperature (Twh) 100 F

what are the production contributions of each

lateral?

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Solution by Multilateral Gas Well Deliverability (C-n
IPR).xls

qtotal ? Mscf/d
q1 ? Mscf/d
q2 ? Mscf/d
q3 ? Mscf/d
q4 ? Mscf/d

Spreadsheet Multilateral Gas Well Deliverability

(Radial-Flow IPR).xls allows lateral cross-flow.

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Problem 17-4:
For the following data, identify the dominant factors
controlling well productivity.
Horizontal Sections:
Lateral No.: 1 2 3 4
Length of Horizontal Section (L) 1200 1000 800 900 ft
Initial Guess for Bottomhole Pressure (pwf) 2054 2042 2020 2013 psia
Horizontal Permeability (k) 5 3 10 7 md
Net Pay Thickness (h) 80 80 60 50 ft
Reservoir Pressure (p-bar) 3700 3500 1800 2800 psia
Radius of Drainage (reh) 2000 2500 1700 2100 ft
Gas Viscosity (mg) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 cp
Wellbore Diameter (Di) 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 in
o
Bottomhole Temperature (T) 270 260 250 230 F
Gas Compressibility Factor (z) 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.98
Gas Specific Gravity (gg) 0.85 0.83 0.80 0.75 air=1
Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo
Curve Sections:
Lateral No.: 1 2 3 4
Radius of Curve (R) 250 300 200 270 ft
Average Inclination Angle o
(q) 45 45 45 45
Tubing Diameter (di) 3 3 3 3 in
Pipe Roughness (e) 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 in

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Vertical Sections:

Lateral No.: 1 2 3 4
Interval Length (H) 250 300 200 3000 ft
Tubing Diameter (di) 3 3 3 4 in
Pipe Roughness (e) 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 in

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

If

at wellhead:
Pressure (pwh) 2000 psia
o
Temperature (Twh) 100 F

what are the production contributions of each

lateral?

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Result of Spreadsheet Multilateral Gas Well
Deliverability (Radial-Flow IPR).xls

qtotal ? Mscf/d
q1 ? Mscf/d
q2 ? Mscf/d
q3 ? Mscf/d
q4 ? Mscf/d

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Test a New Program

Field Development NPV

with Fishbone Gas Wells.xls

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo

Test another New Program

Field Development NPV

with Multi-Frac Horizontal Gas Wells.xls

Copyright (c) 2008, Boyun Guo