CHAPTER III

This chapter includes the methods and techniques of the study, the population and

sample, the research instrument, the data gathering procedure and the statiscal treatment

of data.

Methods and Technique of the Study

The descriptive research method was used in this study. Descriptive method is

designed to gather information about present existing conditions. The principal aim in

employing this method is to describe the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of

the study and explore the causes of particular phenomena (Sevilla: 1988). Descriptive

research involves collection of questionnaire data in order to test hypotheses to answer

questions concerning to the current status of the subject of the study.

Descriptive research also provides scientific basis for professional judgments.

Data generated through the use of the said method may serve as concrete basis for future

decisions. Hence, professionals judgments are made objective since they are based on

scientific findings (Good and Scates: 1992).

The study focused on the effect of father absence and the personality traits of the

kindergarten pupils. The effect of father absence was measured whether the father is in

abroad or separate. The kindergarten pupils evaluated their personality traits in terms of

cheerfulness, emotional stability, patience, honesty and responsible. Also, the

demographic profile of the students was considered. The study determined the effect of

the father absence on the personality traits of the pupils. The influence of the

demographic profile on the effects of the father absence on the personality traits of the

pupils was also studied. Questionnaire and interview were used to gather the information

needed in the study.

Population and Sample of the Study

The respondents for this study are the kindergarten 1 and 2 from 3 sections in

kindergarten pupils of Sto. Cristo Malolos Christian School enrolled for the year of 2019-

2020. There are about 18 students respondents from the total population of 42
kindergarten pupils in Sto. Cristo Malolos Christian School. Table 1 presents the

distribution of repondents.

As seen in the table, there are 3 sections in Malolos Christian School the section

1, 2 and 3 with total population of 42 kindergarten pupils. There are, however 5

respondents in section 1 and 6 respondents in section 2 and 9 respondents in section 3.

Table 1

Distribution of respondents

Sto. Cristo Kindergarten Population No. of respondents

School (MCS)

Section 1 12 5

Section 2 15 6

Section 3 15 9

Total 42 20

The pupils with father absent because of separation and working abroad are the

respondents of the study. The researcher used the student’s records to identify the

respondents of the study.

Research Instrument

The study made use of interview is typically a face-to-face conversation

between a researcher and a participant involving a transfer of information to the

interviewer (Cresswell, 2012). We will investigate each data collection instrument

independently, starting with the interview.

The five personality traits are the following: (1) Cheerfulness- the disposition to

be cheerful, the capacity to see the humorous aspects of situations, behaviour, laughs,

readily and heartily; (2) Emotional Stability- the capacity to control emotional
expressiveness; behavior: remains calm when faced with problems; (3) Patience- the

capacity to put up with repetitive and or routine tasks, behaviour, readily responds to the

repetitive questionsof young children; (5) Honesty- the tendency to be sincere and

truthful behaviour tells the truth even if this may hurt someone’s feelings.

Statistical Treatment

The frequency and percentage were used for the demographic profile of the pupils

like age,gender,chronological order, father occupation and mother occupation and the

effect of father absence. To determine the level of personality traits of the kindergarten

pupils, frequency, mean and five –Point Likert Scale were used presented as follows:

Scale Verbal Interpretation

5 Strongly Agree ( Very Cheerful, stable,patient, honest)

4 Agree (Cheerful, stable,patient, honest)

3 Undecided (Moderate- Cheerful, stable,patient, honest)

2 Disagree (Less- Cheerful, stable,patient, honest)

1 Strongly Disagree ( Not- Cheerful, stable,patient, honest)

The multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to determine

the effects of the father absence on the personality traits of the kindergarten pupils as well

as the influenced of demographic profile on the effects of the father absence on the

personality adjustment of the pupils.

 Notes in Chapter III

psychcentral.com/blog/the-3-basic-types-of-descriptive-research-methods/

scribd.com/doc/60440168/Good-and-Scates