Calculated X/R Ratio Vs Tester X/R Ratio:

https://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=254443

1. Per ANSIC37 or IEC 60271 (now both are harmonised) all general purpose (not used
for capacitor switching) MV/ HV circuit breakers are tested for X/R=17 at 60 Hz
(X/R=14 at 50 Hz)

If the calculated X/R ratio is greater than 17 at 60 Hz, like at generating

stations, then the manufacturer has to be consulted to purchase CBs tested for a
higher X/R ratio so that TRV are with in given limits in both ANSIC37/ IEC 60271.

2. Symmterical Current = 40kA

Close and Latch Current = 108kA (64kA) Peak

There goes 40 x 1.6 = 64kA, 40 x 2.7 = 108kA

It seems that the breaker is sized as per IEEE Std C37.010-1999 (on a Symmetrical
Current Basis)

3. It's not that simple for ANSI breakers. For peak current, ANSI allows use of
2.7 times symmetrical fault current. For close and latch rating they allow 1.6
times. For interrupting ratings, there are additional factors that must be taken
into account.

In addition, the symmetrical current must be calculated per ANSI standards when
evaluating adequacy of breaker ratings versus actual duty.

For IEC, it's even worse.

https://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=217845

This depends on the purpose of the short circuit calculation.

In the ANSI world:

Low Voltage Breaker:

Momentary Current (first 1/2 cycle)

Medium & High Voltage Breakers:

Close & Latch (Momentary) Rating - Momentary Current (first 1/2 cycle)
Interrupting Rating - 3 to 5 cycles

For relay coordination, the 30 cycle current is often more meaningful.

For the total asymmetrical current, the peak will always occur within the first 1/2
cycle.

In the IEC world :

LV Breaker ( IEC 947-2 )

The rms value of the initial symmetrical 3 phase short-circuit current - I"k3
specifies breaker interrupt rating within the constraints due to the X/R ratio
which are specified in Table 2 of above Standard.
ie. If the initial symmetrical short-circuit current >= 50kA, then the power-factor
shall not be less than 0.2 ( or X/R not greater than 5 ).
Note: In locations close to large transformers the X/R can exceed 5.

HV Breakers ( IEC 62271-100 )

The rated short-circuit breaking current is characterised by two values :
� rms value of the a.c. component
� percentage of the d.c. component
If the d.c. component does not exceed 20% of the peak value of the symmetrical a.c.
component at the instant of breaker contact separation, then the rated short-
circuit breaking current is characterised only by the r.m.s. value of its a.c.
component.
The Standard states that for most applications the X/R will not exceed 14 which
corresponds to a d.c. time-constant of 44.6 msec. For a d.c. time-constant of
44.6 msec, the d.c. component would decrement to 20% in 71.7 msec.
Note: Although the Standards specifies a breaker make rating of 2.5 times the
initial short-circuit current, calculations are recommended to ensure the actual
peak current does not exceed 2.5 times initial short-circuit current.