FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

 INTRODUCTION -: Formative assessment is designed to assist

the learned process by providing feedback to the learner, which
can be used to identify strengths and weakness and hence
improve future performance. Formative assessment is most
appropriate where the results are to be used internally by those
involved in the learning process (students, teachers, curriculum
developers).
 DEFINATION -: The collection of information about a student’s
learning during the progression of course or programme in order
to improve the student’s learning.
 EXAMPLE Reading the first lab reports of the class to assess
whether some or all students in the group need a lesson on how
to make them succinct and informative.
 Characteristics of formative assessment
 Provides the student with a report on his progress and gain.
 Starts with comment of programme until the time gets
completed.
 Informs students about the extent of learning.
 Enables learning activities to be adjusted in accordance with
progress made over.
 Useful in guiding the student and prompting him to ask for
help.
 It is carried out frequently,whenever the student/teacher
feel it as necessary.
 Provide the teacher with qualitative and quantitative data
for the modification of his teaching.

These are the following.

 Day-to-day observation
 Oral test verbal
  Experiment
 Activity
 Project
 Test
 Assignment
 Self

The purpose of formative assessment is to provide

continuous feedback to the student,teacher concerning
learning success and failure.
 Types of formative Assessment
 Observation
 Homework exercise as review for exam and class
discussion.
 Reflection journals that are reviewed periodically
during semester.
 Question-and-answer session,both,formal-planned
and informal-spontaneous.
 Conference between the instructor and the student
at various points in semester.
 In the class activities where students informally
present their results.
 Student, feedback collected by periodically
answering specific questions about the instructions
and then self-evaluation of performance.
 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
 DEFFINITION- The gathering of information at the conclusion of
course, programme or undergraduate course to improve learning
or to meet accountable demands:
 When used for improvement, impacts the next cohort
of study taking the course or programme e.g. examine
student’s final exam in a course to see if certain specific
areas of the curriculum were understood well and
analyzing senior projects for the ability to integrate
across disciplines.
 Summative assessment takes place after the learning
has been completed and provides information, feedback
that sums up the teaching and learning process.
 Characteristics of summative assessment:
 Certifying evaluation is designed to develop
competent personnel from practicing.
 To place students in order of merit.
 Justifies the discussion as to whether they should
move upto the next class or be awarded degrees
or diplomas.
 Carried out less frequently at the end of a period
of instruction.