ELECTROCOAGULATION

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH -PPNS

Electrochemical Concept
 Elektrokimia merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari hubungan
antara arus listrik dengan reaksi kimia
 Aplikasi sel elektrokimia dibagi menjadi dua yaitu sel
elektolisis dan sel galvani
 Aplikasi bidang elektrokimia yaitu proses korosi, baterai,
sel bahan bakar, dan sel elektrolisis
 Prinsip Kerja Sel Elektrokimia

Anoda : Eletroda tempat Katoda : Eletroda tempat

berlangsungnya oksidasi berlangsungnya reduksi
(reaksi yang melepaskan elektron) (reaksi yang menerima elektron)
 Apa yang terjadi di dalam sel elektrokimia selama proses elektrolisis air
limbah?
Power supply

e- e-

Ox 5. Migration of anions
Red

influent 1. Electrooxidation 2. Electroreduction

Cathode
Anode

Red Ox
5. Migration of cations effluent
M 3. Electrodissolution 4. Electrodeposition
M
Mn+
Mn+
 Concentrated solution
Diluted solution Anionic Cathionic Anionic Cathionic
membrane membrane membrane membrane

Types of
electrochemical anode cathode

wastewater-
treatment
technologies

Anions
Cations
electrodialysis Feed solution

Electro-oxidation electrocoagulation

Electrodeposition

metal

Rotational cathode

anode

Electrolyte flux
 Elektrokoagulasi
 Elektrokoagulasi merupakan gabungan antara proses
elektrokimia dengan proses koagulasi-flokulasi
 Dapat disebut sebagai proses destabilisasi partikel koloid
melalui proses elektrolisis
 Keuntungan proses elektrokoagulasi:
a. Kompatible terhadap lingkungan “the main reagent
used is the electron” No residues are formed
b. Proses pada temp dan tekanan rendah
c. Mudah dioperasikan
d. Selektivitas ---- > dapat dikontrol
e. Dapat meremove logam berat, minyak, SS, oli,
koloid, bakteri serta bahan organik kompleks
Karakteristik Partikel Koloid
 Bulk solution Interaction energy
+
Negatively charged
-
particle -
+ + + Ea
++ + + +
+ +
- ++ + +
+ -
+ + Ea+Eb
+ + +
++
+ + ++ -
+
- + +
Distance between
Eb particles
Surface potential
Diffuse layer
-(electrostatic
potential)

Zeta potential Electrostatic repulsion energy: Ea

Van der Waals attraction energy: Eb
Resulting energy : Ea+Eb
Distance from the surface

Coagulation is a chemical
treatment which consists of
the addition of chemical
Hydrolysing metal salts (iron, aluminium)
reagents to reduce the
electrical repulsion forces
that inhibit the aggregation
of particles.
Chemical Coagulation and Flokulation
 Flocculation is a physical treatment in
which the collision of coagulated
colloids is promoted in order to make
possible the formation of larger
particles. The result of both processes is
a wastewater in which the size of the
particles is enough to be separated by a
settler or a flotation unit.

Conventional Chemical Coagulation

consists of the direct dosing of a
coagulant solution to the
wastewater.
ANODE MATERIAL

Aluminium
M
Electro-dissolution Iron
e-
Mn+
coagulation
+
ELECTROLYTIC GENERATION OF OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN
Anodic processes Cathodic processes

H2 0
e- H2 O

e-
O2
H2

+
-
Air-dissolved flotation

Bubbles diminish the

overall density of the
system and the particle
floats
 Oxygen and hydrogen bubbles

turbulence adhesion

Promotes soft mixing conditions and

improves flocculation processes Gaseous microbubbles link to pollutant
particles. Consequently, the density of the
new species decreases and this promotes
the flotation of the particle

Electrochemically
assisted flocculation Electrochemically assisted
(electroflocculation) flotation (electroflotation)
TANK CELLS

Power supply

e- e- Sludge

Floated sludge
Inlet
Flotation
M n+ H2O Outlet

Cathode
Anode
M n+ (Pollutant) H2
hydrated
OH-
Precipitated
Settling
Settled sludge Mixing can be
accomplished either by
Sludge mechanical stirrers or by
the evolved gases

Coagulation/flocculation
The process combines
Sedimentation/flotation

Contrarily to electrooxidation processes, mass transport does not

control the overall rate of the process
 The activity of the anode
can decrease with time due Power supply

to the formation of insoluble e- e- Sludge

hydroxides or sludge layer.
These can be avoid by using Inlet
Floated sludge

motion electrodes or by Flotation

n+ H2O Outlet

Cathode
M

Anode
using turbulence promoters
M n+ (Pollutant) H2
hydrated
OH-
Precipitated
Settling
Settled sludge

Sludge

Hydrogen evolution can disturb the

sedimentation process. For this
reason, if possible, it is better to
separate the cathodic process from
the sedimentation
 HydroShock™
ElectroCoagulation
 2.3.2 FLOW CELLS

Normally, these cells do not The activity of the electrodes can be

promote the electroflocculation
and the electroflotation processes
except for especial designs.
Hence its main goal is the
electrodissolution and the
electrocoagulation
decreased by passivation. To solve
this problem reverse of polarity (the
anode acts as a cathode during a
small period) are advised. This can
be easily done in a cell designed with
the only purpose of aluminium
dosing…

+ +
- -
+ +
- -
+ +
- -
+ +
- -

Multiple channels Single channel

Electrode configuration in
cells for aluminium dose
 … and both, monopolar and bipolar connections, allow this change of polarity!

Cathodes (-) Bipolar

- +
electrodes
cathode +- +- +- + - anode

Anodes (+)

However, it is more complex for cells that combine electrocoagulation and

electroflotation in different compartments
 The turbulence generated by the
evolved gases can be used in both
types of flow. However, vertical flow
allows to improve the separation by
electroflotation as compared with
horizontal flow.

Horizontal flow
Vertical flow