Tenses beberapa bentuk kata kerja yang menunjukkan kapan terjadinya peristiwa tersebujtm.

Tenses
terdiri atas (4 kategori waktu x 4 kategori aktivitas = 16 Tenses)

Present Past Future Past-Future

Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple Past-Future

(Verb) (Verb) (Verb) (Verb)

S + V1(s/es) + O/C S + V2 + O/C S + will/shall + V1 S + would/should + V1

Simple (Non Verb) (Non Verb) S + is/am/are + going (Non Verb)

S + is/am/are + S + was/were + S + would/should + be
to + V1
Adj./N/Adv. Adj/N/Adv. + Adj./N/Adv.
(Non Verb)
S + will/shall + be +
Adj./N/Adv
Continous Present Continous Past Continous Future Continous Past-future Continous

(Verb) (Verb) (Verb) (Verb)

S + is/am/are + Ving S + will/shall + be + S + would/should + be
S + was/were + Ving
+ O/C Ving
(Non Verb) + Ving
(Non Verb) (Non Verb)
S + was/were + (Non Verb)
S + is/am/are + S + will/shall + be +
Adj./N/Adv. S + would/should + be
Adj./N/Adv being + Adj./N/Adv.
+ being + Adj./N/Adv.
Perfect Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect Past-Future Perfect

(Verb) (Verb) (Verb) (Verb)

S + will/shall + have + S + would/should +
S + have/has + V3 S + had + V3
have* + V3
(Non Verb) (Non Verb) V3
(Non Verb)
S + have/has + been S + had + been + (Non Verb)
S + would/should +
+ Adj/N/Adv. Adj./N/Adv. S + will/shall + have +
have + been +
been + Adj/N/Adv.
Adj./N/Adv.

Perfect- P. Perfect Continous Past Perfect Continous Future Perfect Continous Past-Future Perfect
Continous
(Verb) (Verb) (Verb) Continous

S + have/has + been S + had + been + S + will/shall + have

(Verb)
+ Ving Ving + been + Ving S + would/should +
(Non Verb) (Non Verb) (Non Verb)
have + been + Ving
S + have/has + been S + had + been + S + will/shall + have +
(Non Verb)
+ Adj./N/Adv. being + Adj./N/Adv. been + Adj./N/Adv.
S + would/should +
have + been + being +
Adj./N/Adv.

A. Present Tense
1. Simple Present Tense
 For: -habitual action
 Pattern: -Verb
-general truth -daily activities
(+) Subject + V1(s/es) + Object/Complement
(-) Subject + do/does + not + V1 + Object/Complement

(?) Do/Does + Subject + V1 + Object/Complement ?

-Non Verb Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Notes: Do They, We, I, You (Dewi Ayu)
Does She, He, It (SHIt)
 Ve/es untuk Singular Subject (She, It, It). Untuk Verb yang berakhiran dengan
huruf (o, x, ch, y, th, sh, s)
 Adverb of Time: -at night -everyday -each -nowdays -occasionally
-once week -on Sunday -trhee times
 Adverb of Frequency: -always -seldom/sometimes/rarely/sometimes (kadang-kadang)
*sometimes (kapan-kapann) -usually -never -ever -often AA’ SUNEO (+) once in
a while/every now and then (sekali-sekali)
 Example Sentences: -Sun rises every morning -Marcel is taller than woman
S (It) V Adverb of time S (He) Aux. Adjective
1(es)

2. Present Continous Tense

 For: -Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung saat ini
-Kejadian yang sedang akan berlangsung
-Changes, pernyataan yang mengindikasikan perubahan ( getting/being), example:
The climate is getting older

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + is/am/are + Ving + Objcect/Complement

(-) Subject + is/am/are + not + Ving + Object/Complement

(?) Is/Am/Are + Subject + Ving + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + is/am/are + being + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Notes: Beberapa kata kerja tidak dapat dipakai dalam bentuk continuous, antara lain:
- Kata kerja berhubungan dengan panca indera (feel, hear, see, smell, notice,
observe)
- Kata kerja berhubungan dengan perasaan/emosi (adore, appreciate, care, detest
fear, hate, like, love, mind, want, wish)
 Adverb of Time: -at present -at the moment -at this time -currently
-presently -today -this week
 Keyword: -look! -listen! -pay attention! -hurry up! -watch out!
 Example Sentences: - We are studying English right now
S sux. V object adverb of time
ing

3. Present Perfect Tense

 For: -Kejadian yang telah selesai hasilnya masih terasa sampai sekarang
-Kejadian yang berulang
-Menyatakan penegasan untuk: already (positif), yet, just (negatif), example:
(+) I have already heard the song (-) I have not heard the song yet

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + have/has + V3 + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + have/has + not + V3 + Object/Complement

(?) Have/Has + Subject + V3 + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + have/has + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Notes: Have They, We, I, You Has She, He, It

V3 (Past Participle), terdiri dari regular Verb + ed

 Irregular berbeda dari verb dasar
 Adverb of Time: -since -yet -just -already -so far -recently -lately
-up to now -in the past
 Example Sentences: -My mother has cooked the dinner
S (She) modal V Adverb of place
3

4. Present Perfect Continous Tense

 For: -Kejadian yang tekah terjadi beberapa lama dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang
-Kejadian Present Continous dengan periode yang lebih lama

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + have/has + been + Ving + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + have/has + not + been + Ving + Object/Complement

(?) Have/Has + Subject + been + Ving + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + have/has + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Adverb of Time: -for (selama) -in the last -in the past -up to now -all day
-all night -so far -recently -lately
 Example Sentences: -We have been studying for an hour
S modal aux (V ) V adverb of time
3 ing

B. Past Tense
1. Simple Past Tense
 For: -Kejadian di masa lampau, keterangan waktunya telah diketahui
-Kebiasaan di masa lampau (habitual action)

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + V2 + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + + did not + V1 + Object/Complement

(?) Did + Subject + V1 + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + was/were + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Notes: -Was She, He, It Were I, You, we, They
 Adverb of Time: -… ago -once upon a time -last… -just now -yesterday
-this morning -this afternoon
 Example Sentences: -They left this room just a while ago -She was pretty
S V Object Adverb of Time S aux. adjective
2

2. Past Continous Tense

 For: -Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau
-Kejadian yang sedang berlnagsung di masa lampau dan diinterupsi oleh kejadian
lainnya

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + was/were + Ving + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + was/were + Ving + Object/Complement

(?) Was/Were + Subject + Ving + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + was/were + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Adverb of Time: -yesterday -at this time yesterday -at 7 p.m. yesterday
 Adverbial Clause: -While untuk peristiwa yang berlangsung setara
 Example: We were studying while my mother was cooking
-When untuk perisitwa yang sedang berlangsung dan diinterupsi oleh
peristiwa lainnya
Example: When I slept, My father was watching television
 Example Sentences: -Listen! He was singing a good song
keyword S aux. V Object
ing

3. Past Perfect Tense

 For: -Kejadian yan telah selesai di masa lampau
-Kejadian yang terjadi sebelum kejadian lain terjadi di masa lampau
 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + had + V3 + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + had + not + V3 +Object/Complement

(?) Had + Subject + V3?

-Non Verb Subject + had + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Adverb of Time: -already -just -for -since -yet
 Adverb Clause: -After she had locked the door, She went out
adverb clause had + V (past perfect) V (simple past)
3 2

-Fatin had already swept the floor before her mother came home
Had + V (perfect tense) adverb clause V (simple past)
3 2

-He had passed away when her family came to hospital

had
+ V
3
(past perfect) adverb clause V
2
(simple past)

-I had finished studying by the time you invited me to the party

had + V (past perfect) adverb clause V (simple past)
3 2

 Example Sentences: -I had finished my homework since last night

S had + V Object Adverb of Time
3

4. Past Perfect Continous Tense

 For: -Peristiwa yang telah dimulai di masa lampau dan berlangsung sampai perstiwa lain
terjadi
 Pattern: -Verbal (+) Subject + had + been + Ving

(-) Subject + had not + been + Ving

(?) Had + Subject + been + Ving?

-Non Verb Subject + had + been + being + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Adverb Clause: - I had been writing a letter for 5 minutes when I saw you
had + been + V adverb clause V (simple past)
ing 2

-After Nuna had been living in Los Angeles, She moved to Japan
adverb clause had been V (past perfect) V (simple past)
ing 2

 Example Sentences: I had been working to you for 7 month

S had + been + V Complement
ing

C. Future Tense
1. Simple Future Tense
 For: -Kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan
 Pattern: -Verb
 (+) Subject + will/shall/(is/am/are) going to + V1 + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + will/shall + not + V1 + Object/Complement

(?) Will/Shall + Subject + V1 + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + will/shall + be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Note: Will all of them (They, We, I, You, She, He, It) Shall I, We
 Adverb of Time: -tomorrow -next …… -tonight -soon -later -in the future
-the following……
 Adverb Clause: -I will call you as soon as I arrive
Will + V1 (simple future) adverb clause V1 (simple present)

 Example Sentences: -I will be a model in the future Present Tense (V1) <as soon as> will
S will + be Noun Adverb of Time
Past Tense (V2) <as soon as> would

2. Future Continous Tense Past Perfect Tense (had V3) <as soon
 For: -Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa depan as> would have V3

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + will/shall + be + Ving + Object/Complement

 (-) Subject + will/shall + not + be + Ving + Object/Complement erb

(?) Will/Shall + Subject + be + Ving + Object/Complement? ?

-Non Verb Subject + will/shalll + be + being + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Adverb of Time: -at this time tomorrow -at 7 p.m. tonight -tomorrow
 Example Sentences: -I will be being a professional English teacher.
S Be Being Noun

3. Future Perfect Tense

 For: -Kejadian yang telah selesai di masa depan

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + will/shall + have + V3 + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + will/shalll+ not + have + V3 + Object/Complement

(?) Will/Shall + Subject + have + V3 + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + will + have + been + Adjecttive/Noun//Adverb
 Adverb of Time: -diawali kata ‘by’…… seperti: -by the time -by the end of month
-by next…… -by tomorrow
 Adverb Clause: By the time we come home, The boys will have slept in their bedroom
adverb clause V (simple present) will + have + V (future perfect)
1 3

 Example Sentences: -This report will have been claimed as a huge plan by next year
S will + have + been +V Adverrb
3

4. Future Perfect Continous Tense

 For: -Kejadian yang telah berangsung beberapa lama di masa depan
 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + will/shall + have + been + Ving + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + will/shall + not + have + been + Ving + O/C

(?) Will/Shall + Subject + have + been + Ving + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + will + have + have + been + Adj./N/Adv.
 Adverb of Time: keterangan by… (menjelang) dan for… (selama) ada dalam satu kalimat
-by the time…… for a week -by… for…(keduanya disertai ket. waktu)
  Example Sentences: -Their friends will have been finishing their project for a year, by the
S will
……………… … 1
+ have + been + Ving (F. Perf. Cont.) object1 adverb of time (for) adverb

time they take postgraduate

of time (by) S V (s. present) Object
2 1 2

D. Past-Future Tense
1. Simple Past-Future Tense
 For: -Kejadian yang akan dilakukan di masa depan, tapi tidak jadi dilakukan karena sebab
…… ……tertentu
-Conditional Sentences Type 2 If I were rich, I would buy an aeroplane

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + would/should + V1 + Object/Complement

t (-) Subject + would/should + not + V1 + Object/Complement

(?) Would/Should + Subject + V1 + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + would/shoould + be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Example Sentences: -We should be there last month
S adverb of place adverb of time

2. Past-Future Continous Tense

 For: -Kejadian yang akan telah berlangsung di masa lampau

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + would/should + be + Ving + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + would/should + not + be + Ving + Object/Complement

(?) Would/Should + Subject + be + Ving + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + would/should +be + being + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Example Sentences: -I should be being a art director if I did work at Pixar studio
S should be being noun cond. sentences Type 2

3. Past-Future Perfect Tense

 For: -Kejadian yang akan telah sudah selesai di masa lampau
-Pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi, karena syaratnya sudah tidak terpenuhi
-Conditional Sentences Type 3 If I had beautiful, We would have been together

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + would/should + have + V3 + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + would/should + not + have + V3 + Object/Complement

(?) Would/Should + Subject + have + V3 + Object/Complement?

-Non Verb Subject + would/should + have + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
 Example Sentences: -You would have buy a car yesterday
S would + have + V Object Adverb of Time
3

4. Past-Future Perfect Continous Tense

 For: -Kejadian yang telah akan terjadi dan berlangsung di masa lampau

 Pattern: -Verb (+) Subject + would/should + have + been + Ving + O/C

(-) Subject + would/should + not + have + been + Ving + O/C

(?) Would/Should + Subject + have + been + Ving + O/C?

-Non Verb Subject + would/should have + been + being + Adj./N/Adv.
 Exemples Sentences: -My boyfriend would have been giving flower at this hour yesterday
S would have been V Object Adverb of TIme
ing

morning.