MUSIC

MUSIC OF AFRICA
Afrobeat- is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American music
Apala (Akpala) – is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, used to wake up
the workshippers after fasting the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
Axe – is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Caribbean
styles of the marcha, reggae, and calypso, and is played by carnival bands.
Jit – is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar
accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.
Jive – is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of
the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.
Juju – is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where
the instrument are more Western in origin.
Kwassa kwassa- is a dance style begun in Zaire in the late 1980s, popularized by Kanda
Bongo Man. In this style, the hips move back and forth while the arms follow the hip movements.
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCED BY THE AFRICAN MUSIC
Reggae- is a Jamaican music style that was strongly influenced by the island’s traditional mento
music, as well as calypso, African music, American jazz, and rhythm and blues.
Salsa- salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It comprises various
musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, cha cha cha, mambo, and bolero.
Samba- is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style. It has a lively and rhythmical beat with
three steps to every bar, making the samba feel like a timed dance.
Soca- is also known as the “soul of calypso”.
Were – is Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers
during Ramadan celebrations.
Zouk – is fast, carnival like rhythmic music, from the Creole slang word “party”. It originated in
the Carribean Islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique and was popularized in the 1980s.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT OF AFRICA
Classification of Traditional African Instruments
A. Idiophones- these are percussion instruments that are either struck with a mallet or
against one another.

1. Balafon- the balafon is a West African xylophone. It is a pitched percussion

instrument with bars made from logs or bamboo.
2. Rattles- are vessels made of seashells, tin, basketry, animal hoofs, wood, metal,
cocoons, palm kernel, or tortoise shells.
3. Agogo- is a single bell or multiple bells. It may called the oldest samba instrument
based on West African Yoruba single or double bells. It has the highest pitch among
the bacteria instrument.
4. Atingting kon- are slit gongs used as communication between villages.
5. Slit drum- the slit drum is a hollow percussion instrument. Although referred to as a
drum, it is more of an idiophone.
6. Djembe – pronounced as “zhembay” is one of the best-known African drums. It is
shaped like a large goblet and played with bare hands. The body is carved from a
hollowed trunk and covered with goat skin.
7. Shereke – is a type of gourd and shell megaphone from West Africa, consisting of
dried gourd with beads woven into a net covering the gourd.
 8. Rasp – a rasp or scraper is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is produced
by scraping the notches on a piece of wood (sometimes elaborately carved) with a
stick, creating a series of rattling effects.

B. Membranophones- are instruments, usually drums, which have vibrating animal

membranes. Their shapes may be conical, cylindrical, barrel, hour-glass, globular, or
kettle, and are played with sticks, hands, or combination of both.

1. Body Percussion- African people frequently use their bodies as musical instruments.
They clap their hands, slaps their thighs, pound their upper arms or chests, shuffle
and stamp their feet.
2. Talking drum- the talking drum is used to send messages to announce births, deaths,
marriages, sporting events, dances, initiation, or war. Sometimes, the messages may
even contain gossip or jokes.

C. Lamellaphone- one of the most popular African percussion instruments, which is

plucked tongues or keys mounted on a sound board.

1. Mbira- thumb piano or finger xylophone. It consists of a wooden board with attached
metal lines (a series of wooden, metal, or rattan tongues) of graduated sizes.

D. Chordophones- are instruments which produce sounds from the vibration of strings,
these includes bows, harps, lutes, zithers, and lyres of various sizes.

1. Musical Bow- the musical bow is the ancestor of all string instruments.
a. Mouth Bow- consists of single string attached to each end of a curved stick, similar
to a bow and arrow.
b. Resonator bow- is a form of the mouth bow with a calabash resonator attached
at its mid-point.
c. Earth bow- also called ground bow or pit harp consists of a flexible pole which is
planted in the ground.
2. Lute- the lute, originating from the Arabic states, is shaped like the modern guitar and
played in similar fashion.
3. Kora- the kora is Africa’s most sophisticated harp, while also having features similar
to a lute.
4. Zither- the zither is a stringed instrument with varying sizes and shapes whose strings
are stretched along its body.
5. Zeze – is a fiddle from Sub-Sahaan Africa played with a bow, a small wooden stick,
or plucked with the fingers.

E. Aerophones- are musical instruments that produce sound primarily by trapping or

enclosing a body or column of air and causing it to vibrate.

1. Flutes – they are usually fashioned from a single tube closed at one end blown, while
being held either vertically or side-blown.
2. Horns- horn and trumpets are found almost everywhere in Africa, and are commonly
made from elephant tusks and animal horns.
3. Reed Pipes- these are single-reed pipes made from hollow guinea corn or sorghum
stems, where the reed is a flap partially cut from the stem near one end.
4. Whistles – are found throughout the continent and may be made of wood or other
materials.
5. Trumpets – African trumpets are made of wood, metal, animal horns, elephant tusks,
gourds, ornamented with snake or crocodile skin or the hide of zebras, leopards, and
other animals.
ARTS
Computer/digital arts- make use of electronic and mechanical devices, rather than the artist’s
own hand to produce the desired images and effects.

Mobile Phone Art- is any visual art that was created by the use of cellular phone or was edited
by using mobile phone editors. This kind of certain art also falls on the category of the digital
art, which makes use of technology rather than traditional paint and brush to create different
kinds of art.

MANIPULATION PROGRAMS AND APPLICATIONS THAT RUN ON TODAY’S ANDROID

DEVICES:
1. Pixlr- a powerful, free online image editor
2. Pic Collage- allows you to make collages incorporating photos, stickers, text, and frames
3. Photo Grid- a downloadable application from android phones that allows you to make
collages out of images from your photo gallery.
4. Doodle Booth- an iPad application that enables you to “doodle” on your images using
available stickers.
5. Photo Booth- an application for taking photos and videos using iPad or iPad mini
6. Magic Mirror Booth- an iPad application that allows you to take amusing, distorted
images, simulating camera effects.
7. Pic Monkey- a free online photo editing tool that provides filters, frames, text, and effects
to manipulate your images.
8. Flipagram – a downloadable application that allows you to “ bring your photos to life” in
short videos set to music of your choice
9. Picsart- a free photo editor and drawing application, as well as a social network for you
to share your art with others.
10. Snapseed – a photo application that enables you to enhance , transform, and
share you photos, a free downloadable version for android phones is available
11. Instagram – a fast and fun way to share images with others, snap photo, choose
from among the available, filters, and share via facebook, twitter, tumbler and more.
PYSICAL EDUCATION
WHAT IS EXERCISE?
Exercise is a physical activity that planned, structured and repetitive for the purpose of
conditioning any part of the body used to improve health and maintain fitness.
BENEFITS OF EXERCISE
1. It can make you feel happier
2. It can help with weight loss
3. It is good for your muscles and bones
4. It can increase your energy level
5. It can reduce your risk of chronic disease
6. It can help ski health
7. It can help your brain health and memory
8. It can help with relaxation and sleep quality
9. It can reduce pain
10.It can promote a better sex life
The Good Dose of Exercise under OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE which is guided by the FITT
PRINCIPLE that is composed of the following:

a. Frequency- refers to how often you involve yourself in regular physical activity or
exercise.
b. Intensity – refers to how hard you should exercise or the level of difficulty of your physical
activity
c. Time- refers how long you should engage in a specific physical activity.
d. Type – refers to the kind of exercise or physical activity you should engage in.
WHAT IS ZUMBA?
Zumba – is created by Colombian choreographer Alberto “Beto” Perez during 1990’s. It
is a fitness program that combines Latin and international music with dance moves.
BENEFITS OF ZUMBA DANCE EXERCISE
1. Calorie and fat burning
2. Improved coordination
3. Full body workout
4. Customizable
5. Improves posture
6. It gets you hooked on exercise
7. Everyone can join in
8. Increased confidence
9. Mood boosting
10. Reduce anxiety
HEALTH

HEALTH TRENDS, ISSUES, AND CONCERNS IN THE NATIONAL LEVEL

On your P.E BOOK pages 236-248