Академический Документы
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“Academic Writing”
Diajukan untuk memenuhi tugas akhir mata kuliah Pelatihan Bahasa Inggris
DOSEN PEMBIMBING :
Umi Rachmawati,M.Pd
Disusun oleh :
Rayi Citra Ayu Pangestuti 17.0605.0001
Obesity is defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 according to the Asia-Pacific
standard for obesityCentral obesity is defined as waist circumference >90 cm for men and
>80 cm according to Asia–Pasific standard for central obesity. In clinical practice, the body
fatness is usually estimated by BMI. BMI is calculated as measured body weight (kg) divided
by measured height squared (m2). Patients with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or greater are classified
as being overweight. Pre obesity and obesity class I, II and III (extreme obesity) are defined
as a BMI of 25 kg/m2 to 29.9 kg/m2, 30 kg/m2 to 34.9 kg/m2, 35 kg/m2 to 39.9 kg/m2, and
40 kg/m2 or greater, respectively (Subekti,2017)
The secondary reasons are familial and genetic predisposition, psychological factors,
diseases (hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome) and drugs (steroids, tricyclic antidepressants,
sulfonylureas, valproate and contraceptives) that may play a role in the etiology of obesity
Obesity isn’t just a cosmetic concern. It increases the risk of diseases and health related
problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, gall bladder disease,
osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, some forms of cancer and infertility. Obesity is also associated
with hyperlipidemia, pregnancy complications, hirsutism (khleel,2014)
Obesity should be treated ideally with exercise and diet Indeed, the use of diets to
control body weight in the long term makes the vast majority of overweight or obese
individuals have to modify their type of diet to reduce daily energy intake (Londono, 2018)
Many of the strategies for successful weight loss and maintenance will help prevent
obesity. Following a healthy lifestyle can help to prevent overweight and obesity and this can
be done mainly by improving eating habits (cutting calories, making healthier choices,
restricting certain foods) and increasing physical activity. Providing health education for the
consumers in order to reduce portion sizes, which may help to limit opportunities for “passive
overeating.” The food and restaurant industries should be encouraged to take responsible
actions by reducing portion sizes, especially of high- energy density foods, increasing the
availability of foods that are low in fat and low in energy density. Foods that are naturally
low in fat and energy density, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, should be made
easily available and affordable in both restaurants and grocery stores ( Tamara,2016)
Antiobesity drug therapy is indicated for those individuals who cannot achieve weight
loss despite an adequate trial of lifestyle modification. Pharmacotherapy should only be
prescribed in conjunction with lifestyle modifications, and not as monotherapy for
obesity.The relatively limited success of lifestyle interventions has driven the search for
effective anti-obesity drugs. Drug treatment of obesity is driven by similar principles for
pharmacotherapy of other chronic diseases: it needs to be effective and safe (particularly as it
will need to be used long term), acceptable to patients and affordable . While the
physiological control of body weight theoretically provides many targets (satiety, nutrient
absorption and energy expenditure), in practice it has proven hard to find safe and effective
drugs and regulatory authorities such as The Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA has
approved five long-term obesity drugs for adults who are obese so far: lorcaserin,
phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion, Orlistat and liraglutide over the past two
years. A fifth alternative, orlistat is a long-term medication that is effective for up to six
months and is the only drug used to treat childhood obesity. (Milton,2018)
SUMMARY
Obesity is a chronic disease which has spread all over the world. It can be defined as a
condition of abnormal fat accumulation in the human body or overweight. Body weight and
height, as well as associated indicators like overweight and obesity. Persons are defined as
overweight if their body weight exceeds a certain level for a given body height. Obesity has
been recognized as an important contributing factor in the development of chronic and
serious diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension,
stroke, heart failure, dyslipidaemia, uric acid, etc. An important cause in the development of
this disease is the increasing availability of foods rich in calories and High Fat Diet (HFD),
snacking and eating quickly have shown to be associated with increased prevalence of
obesity, the frequency of eating and the style of eating may also contribute to obesity. And
sedentary lifestyles for example, prolonged television viewing, physical inactivity, and
unhealthy eating habits during childhood was associated with an elevated risk of developing
obesity. The secondary reasons are familial and genetic predisposition, psychological factors,
diseases (hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome) and drugs (steroids, tricyclic antidepressants,
sulfonylureas, valproate and contraceptives).
Obesity should be treated ideally with exercise and diet. Treatment for obesity
included pharmacological and nonpharmacological. For nonpharmacological management of
obesity, including diet therapy, physical activity and lifestyle management. And Drug
treatment of obesity is driven by similar principles for pharmacotherapy of other chronic
diseases. Antiobesity drug therapy is indicated for those individuals who cannot achieve
weight loss despite an adequate trial of lifestyle modification.
REFERENCES
Allyn, 2019. Dietary Therapy for Obesity: An Emperor With No Clothes. Department
of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa : Iowa City
Kuhnert, 2017. Overweight and obesity among adults in Germany. Robert Koch
Institute : Berlin