Components

s.no component brand accuracy capacity Range

1 compressor Elgi _
93 cfm Maximum
E1810
pressure 10
kg/cm2

2 Reservoir air Elgi _ 500 ltr Max pressure

Custom 10bar
made
3 Dryer GEM SPD _ _ _
series
4 Mass flow Alicat _ _ Fuel controller 0-
controller 10 slpi
Air controller 0-
50 slpi
5 Storage tank _ 99.5% pure _ Max 150 bar
CH4

6 Thermocouple K type Standard limits of Melting point −200°C to 1,250°C

Omega error 2.2˚C or 1400°C
0.75% whichever is
greater
7 Burner Standard _ _ _
flat flame
burner
8 Data accusation Agilent _ 10,000 12 samples
system U2781 samples rate simultaneously
per connector
9 PU pipes _ _ 8 mm _
diameter

Description of components: -
compressor
1. Model e 18-10
2. Capacity 93 cfm
3. Maximum pressure 10 kg/cm2
4. No of stage single
5. Cooling system air cooled
6. Drive 18 kw / 25 hp electric motor
  Dryer: -
Regenerative Desiccant Type Dryer. These dryers use a desiccant, which adsorbs the water vapor in
the air stream. A distinction needs to be made between adsorb and absorb. Adsorb means that the
moisture adheres to the desiccant, collecting in the thousands of small pores within each desiccant
bead. The composition of the desiccant is not changed, and the moisture can be driven off in a
regeneration process by applying dry purge air, by the application of heat, or a combination of
both. Absorb means the material that attracts the moisture is dissolved in and used up by the
moisture. Absorption takes place in a deliquescent desiccant type dryer.

Regenerative desiccant dryers normally are of twin tower construction. One tower dries the air
from the compressor while the desiccant in the other tower is being regenerated after the pressure
in the tower has been reduced to atmospheric pressure. Regeneration can be accomplished using a
time cycle or on demand by measuring the temperature or humidity in the desiccant towers or by
measuring the dew point of the air leaving the on-line tower.

 Mass flow controller: -

A mass flow controller automatically controls the flow rate of a gas according to a set flow rate
sent as an electric signal, without being affected by use conditions or changes in gas
pressure. Flow rates can be roughly classified into two types: volumetric flow and mass flow. A
volumetric flow measurement is affected by ambient temperature and pressure. To see the true
flow, the pressure and temperature conditions need to be pressure conditions, therefore providing
much more accurate and stable flow measurement and control. Our mass flow controllers are
used in a wide range of industrial fields as indispensable equipment when accurate control of flow
rates is required or an automated production line is built.

Working principle: -
1. The gas, which enters from the inlet, first splits to flow past the sensor or through the bypass.
2. At the sensor, the mass flow rate is detected as a proportional change in temperature and
converted by the bridge circuits to an electrical signal.
3. This signal passes through the amplification and correction circuits, and is output as a linear
voltage between 0 to 5V. At the same time, it is also sent to the comparison control circuits.
4. The comparison control circuit compares the flow rate setting signal and the actual flow setting
signal from the sensor and sends a difference signal to the valve driving circuit.
5. The flow rate control valve movers as appropriate to make the difference between the required
flow set point and flow output signals approach zero. In other words, the unit controls the flow
so that it is always at the set flow rate.

 Thermocouple:-

Type K Thermocouple (Nickel-Chromium / Nickel-Alumel). Chromel {90% nickel and 10%

chromium} Alumel {95% nickel, 2% manganese, 2% aluminium and 1% silicon}

Works on seebeck effect that is converting the temperature difference into voltage which is
collected by the data accusation system then averaged.

Seebeck effect:- when two different metals are joined by there ends such that one end is placed at
hot condition and other end at cold condition it produces some emf electromotive force or voltage,
this voltage represents the temperature, the relation between temperature and voltage is given
by:-

Here S1 and S2 are the seebeck coefficients of the two elements

 The burner:-
The burner geometry is shown below:-

Three main parts are

1. The orifice provides a nearly uniform outflow profile.
2. The burner consists of a perforated plate of 30 mm diameter stabilizing the flame. The plate is
cooled or heated (depending on the operation condition) by a cooling or heating jacket.
3. Thermocouples attached to the burner plate measure the temperature distribution from which
the net heat flux from the flame to the burner can be determined.

The orifice of the burner head is chosen in such a way that, in combination with the plenum
chamber, the flow profile at the outlet is nearly uniform. The burner plate forms a flow resistance
which removes the small deviations inevitably occurring since the design is made for a restricted
range of flow velocities. When a flame is stabilized on the burner, the pressure drop is even
higher, resulting in a flat flow profile for an extended range of flow velocities. However, care
should be taken that around the edges of the burner, significant deviations occur.

The holes are in the honey com maze type structure having diameter d = 0.5 mm and having pitch
l = 0.7 mm and have 1611 holes in the plat. Thickness of plate 2 mm
1. heat transfer from the
flame to the plate
2. Heat transfer from the plate
to the unburnt gases
3. Heat transfer from the
burner plate to burner walls or
walls of the mixture
4. Heat transfer from the
burner mixture walls to the
unburnt gases
5. Heat transfer from the walls
to the structure or the
atmosphere or ambient
whichever is in contact with it

 Data accusation system: -

This is the electronic device that collects the data from the thermocouples it can take multiple
readings simultaneously to reduce the error.
It has sample rate of 10000 that is 10000 samples per second we took data for 35 seconds for
each observation this data is stored in the computer system.
The values it gives are in the form of numbers that gives the voltage values, using the conversion
tables or relation we convert the data in voltage to the temperature, now we have large data
collection of temperatures at different r locations of the burner, we have to take average values
and plot the graphs to calculate the burning speed of the flame.
3 slots
4 readings by each slot and
sample rate of 10000
That is 12000 voltage data in 1 sec.

 CH4 cylinder: -
We have cylinder of CH4 having 99.5% purity hand have capacity to have CH4 at 150 bar at the
time of experiment we have cylinder at 75 bar that is half filled cylinder,
It have colour coding red on top and green body representing the methane as containment.