PROCEDURE:

A. To measure the pH of solid waste

1. The sample was cut into pieces and placed 1g of waste sample in a 100mL beaker, 5o
mL was added of reagent water, cover and continuously stir the suspension for 5min.
2. The electrodes was adjusted in the clamps of the electrode holder so that, when
lowering electrodes in the beaker, the glass electrodes will be immersed just deep
enough into clear supernatant to establish good electrical contact through the glass
joint.
3. The pH reading was recorded.

B. To determine the volatile solid of solid waste

1. The empty alumina boat was weight in analytical balance
2. The 5g of sample was put in alumina boat and weight (W1)
3. The oven was switch on and allowed to reach 105C. The sample then was placed in
oven for 30min
4. The sample was weight as W2
5. The furnace was switched on and allowed it to reach 550C.
6. The sample was placed in the furnace and was allowed to ignite for 20min to get
constant mass.
7. The sample was cooled in desiccators or at room temperature and the sample was
weight as W3.

Weight of volatile substance (W)= W2-W3(exclude weight of alumina boat)

Data & Result:

Components Weight of volatile substance pH

(W)
Paper resit 3.04 g 7.01
Tin Cans 0.19 g 6.61
Plastics Bag 0.56 g 7.36
Plastics cup 7.6 g 7.43
Bread 13.21 g 5.20
Chakoi 13.24 g 5.40
Twig 0.53 g 6.46
Tin Can 7.15

Calculations:

1. Paper resit
Empty crucible = 28.44 g
Crucible + resit = 32.31g (W1)
resit + Crucible (Dried) = 32.09g (W2)
resit + Crucible (Ignite) = 29.05g (W3)

W1 = 32.31g – 28.44 g = 3.87 g

W2 = 32.09g – 28.44 g = 3.65 g
W3 = 29.05 – 28.44 g = 0.61 g

(W) = W2-W3
= 3.65 g - 0.61 g
= 3.04 g

2. Tin Cans
Empty crucible = 22.98g
Crucible + tin cans = 32.21g (W1)
Tin cans + Crucible (Dried) = 32.16g (W2)
Tin cans + Crucible (Ignite) = 31.97g (W3)
 W1 = 32.21g – 22.98g = 9.23 g
W2 = 32.16g – 22.98g = 9.18 g
W3 = 31.97g – 22.98g = 8.99 g

(W) = W2-W3
= 9.18 g - 8.99 g
= 0.19 g

3. Plastics Bag
Empty crucible = 23.10 g
Crucible + Plastics Bag = 24.56 g
Plastics Bag + Crucible (Dried) = 23.98 g
Plastic Bag + Crucible (Ignite) = 23.40 g

W1 = 24.56 g – 23.10 g = 1.46 g

W2 = 23.98 g – 23.10 g = 0.88 g
W3 = 23.40 g – 23.10 g = 0.30 g

(W) = W2-W3
= 0.88 g - 0.30 g
= 0.56 g

4. Plastics cup
Empty crucible = 26.06 g
Crucible + Plastics Cup = 33.79 g
Plastics Cup + Crucible (Dried) = 33.70 g
Plastic Cup + Crucible (Ignite) = 26.10 g

W1 = 33.79 g – 26.06 g = 7.73 g

W2 = 33.70 g – 26.06 g = 7.64 g
W3 = 26.10 g – 26.06 g = 0.04 g

(W) = W2-W3
= 7.64 g - 0.04 g
 = 7.6 g

5. Bread
Empty crucible = 23.89 g
Crucible + Bread = 43.38 g
Bread + Crucible (Dried) = 41.63 g
Bread + Crucible (Ignite) = 28.42 g

W1 = 43.38 g – 23.89 g = 19.49 g

W2 = 41.63 g – 23.89 g = 17.74 g
W3 = 28.42 g – 23.89 g = 4.53 g

(W) = W2-W3
= 17.74 g - 4.53 g
= 13.21g

6. Chakoi
Empty crucible = 24.20 g
Crucible + Chakoi = 43.05 g
Chakoi + Crucible (Dried) = 41.16 g
Chakoi + Crucible (Ignite) = 27.92 g

W1 = 43.05 g – 24.20 g = 18.85 g

W2 = 41.16 g – 24.20 g = 16.96 g
W3 = 27.92 g – 24.20 g = 3.72 g

(W) = W2-W3
= 16.96 g - 3.72 g
= 13.24 g

7. Twig
Empty crucible = 26.74 g
Crucible + Twig = 35.82 g
Twig + Crucible (Dried) = 35.40 g
Twig + Crucible (Ignite) = 34.87 g
W1 = 35.82 g – 26.74 g = 9.08 g
W2 = 35.40 g – 26.74 g = 8.66 g
W3 = 34.87g – 26.74 g = 8.13 g

(W) = W2-W3
= 8.66 g - 8.13 g
= 0.53 g