LITRATURE REVIEW

There are several electronic travel aids (ETAs) were introduce

that aimed improving their visuallyimpaired user’s mobility in
terms of safety and speed.
Today in the market different technologieslike GPS, GPRS, etc.
are used to navigate visually impaired people. The study of
various publishedinternational papers have been done.
But those technologies are its own limitation some of themare:-
A. In door navigation system for visually impaired person using
GPSThis paper presents the architecture as well as the
implementation of the system that helps thevisually impaired
person to navigate autonomously in the indoor environment.
This methodutilizes the Global Positioning System (GPS) and it
also incorporates object avoidancetechnologies. The system
applies a Zigbee protocol to provide the continuous tracking of
thevisually impaired person. It also consists of additional
components like ATMEGA microcontroller,ultrasonic sensor,
and microphone to provide more refined location and orientation
information.The visually impaired person issues the command
and receives the direction response using audiosignals. The
latitude and longitude values are received continuously from the
GPS receiver andthen transferred to the PC using the Zigbee
transceivers, using these values the localization of thevisually
impaired person is attained using Google map.B. The Guide
Cane- A Computerized Travel Aid for the Active Guidance of
Blind PedestriansThis paper introduces the Guide Cane, a novel
device designed to help blind or visually impairedtravelers to
navigate safely and quickly among obstacles and other hazards
faced by blindpedestrians. It comprises of a long handle and a
―sensor head‖ unit that is attached at the distalend of the
handle. The sensor head is mounted on a steerable but
unpowered two-wheeled steeringaxle. During operation, the user
pushes the lightweight Guide Cane ahead of
him/herself.Ultrasonic sensors mounted on the sensor head
detect obstacles and steer the device around it. Theuser feels the
steering command as a very noticeable physical force through
the handle and is ableto follow the Guide Cane‘s path easily and
without any conscious effort.
7C. Perceptible Path Organism in support of Visually Impaired
People.The paper presents a design for the visually impaired
people to navigate independently within anenclosed
environment or an open environment with the assistance of the
effortlessly wearableElectronic Travel Aid (ETA) linked with
the wireless communication networks like Zigbee andBluetooth.
The blind person can perceive obstacles in front by means of an
ETA from head heightto foot level. The vision sensor, which is
mounted on a sunglass, captures the image in front ofuser .Micro
processing unit processes the captured image and enhances the
significant vision databy employing a set of image processing
procedures. The processed information is then presentedas a
structured form of acoustic signal and is conveyed to the user
through a set of earphones. Thissystem also incorporates
position and direction information. The remote server does
optimal pathplanning. The user issues the commands to ETA
and receives direction response through audiosignals