452 Ways of modifying a noun > Finder 2668 ‘Combine the information in the shortest way possible, > ahouse (it has a garden), 4 house, with a garden some boys (they are playing football) _ some, boys playing football | > the man (he won the competition) _ “he man who won the compe tition 1 the shop (it is on the corner) , a car (it is red) the woman (she missed her train) @ book (it was published last month) a woman (she was wating for someone) . a chair (it is comfortable) the people (they have heard the story before) aman (he has @ gun) 9 a face (it is recognized everywhere) 453 The use of commas with relative clauses » Finder 266D 230 Decide if there are any commas missing from these sentences If the sentence is correct, put a tick (V) after it. If there are commas missing, put them in. > Students who get below-average exam results do not have the best prospects. “ > Only about 70 people hive on Lundy Island , which lies off the coast of Devon. 1. I'm having a visit from my favourite aunt who lives in London. 2 This is the room that we've just decorated. 3 The people who invested in the company have all lost their money. 4 The match will be played at Lord’s which is the home of English cricket. 5 Accidents that happen at night usually involve fewer people. 6 Marian Evans who wrote under the name of George Eliot was a great novelist 7 The new college which cost £80 milhon to build opens this week. 8 People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. 452 « Ways of modifying a noun454 Types of relative clause » Finder 267A-E 455 Read the story and say what type each relative clause 1s: identifying, classifying, for emphasis, adding, or connective If you're one of those people (») who might find accidents amusing, then this is the story for you It happened somewhere in England, and it's about a motorist }who was approaching a level crossing. (A level crossing 1s a barrier (1) that prevents traffic from driving across the railway line when a train is coming.) As he approached the crossing, the motorist suddenly saw in front of him a girl on @ horse and an old man with a dog. He had to brake quite suddenly. There was a motor-bike behind the car, and the motor-cyclist, (2) who wasn't paying attention, crashed into the back of the car. his frightened the horse, (3) which reared up and threw its rider into a hedge. The old man, (4) who was a helpful sort of person, decided to come to the rescue by catching the horse. But first he tied his «log to the level crossing barrier, (5) which was the nearest suitable thing. The train (6) which everyone had been expecting then passed through the crossing, and the barrier (7) that the dog had been tied to began to rise. It was this (6) that really made things interesting, ‘The old man rushed back to release the dog, (9) which promptly bit the motor-cyclist, (10) who was still lying on the ground. ‘This scene, (11) which certainly has its funny side, was nominated the most bizarre accident of the year by the insurance company (12) which handled the horse rider's claim. > classrfijing > dencihyng Nes a. 8 9. 2 6 10 3 fos 7 n allt 8 12 Relative clauses without commas » Finder 268A-B Look at each conversation and then write the information in a sentence with a relative clause. Use who or that. > Martin: Well, we met that man, anyway. Emily: What man? Martin: You know who | mean, He works at the post offic Harrtin ard, Emily met theman who works at t > Alice’ [like the jacket, Simon: What jacket do you mean? Alice: Your new jacket. You wore it yesterday. Alice kes the jacket that Simon wore yesterday, 1 know the girl What git ‘That gil over there. She appeared on television 454 ¢ Types of relative clause 231456 232 Tike those people. What people? .. The people we're talking about. You've invited! them to the party Lwish 1 still had the camera, What cameia are you talking about? . My camera You broke it, remember? I saw them carry off that player ‘Oh, why did they do that? He was injured, of course. 5 Kate! ['m going to complain about that burglar alarm. Nicola’ Was it ninging? Kate: It wouldn't stop ringing. Paul: The company still hasn't received the letter. Laura: What letter? Paul My letter to the company. | posted it an ‘Tuesday. 7 Steve: {couldn't understand that woman? Hannah, What woman 1s that? Steve’ You know. You were interviewing her. 8 Lisa’ 1 was reading about the bridge. Karen” The bridge? Lisa: Yes, it collapsed in a hurricane. Prepositions in relative clauses > Finder 268D without commas Rewrite the sentences and make them more surtable for a piece of formal writing » Religion is a subject that people hold very firm opinions on Religion isa subect.on which people. hole very, jo one cares about the starving people that the aid is No ane. cares about the starving people, for whom the. aicl is intended. . 1 The photographs show the floor that many of the victims were trapped on. 2 The Sales Manager is a young woman we have great confidence in. 3 We entered the territory that so many battles have been fought over. 456 # Prepositions in relative clauses without commas