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LITERATURE REVIEW
its zenith now but at the same time, the danger signals have
in water quality.
24
CHANNEL
RUNOFF
well documented.
and other matter. Water infiltrating into the soil will have
includc-~
(a) Precipitation
constituents,
Plant transformation
SOIL
non-point sources.
13
less than is expected
I 'i ! ')
input and rtmoll. euLerl.ng a stnoiiii ’ . it !r: a l s o t r u e
activities
28 31 . These activities result in the addition of
“
Wcl s tewat er, on the c>ther hand , comprises nearly 90% of the
rai nf all and season-■dependent , and the qual ity of the flow
consequences.
T y p e of p o 1 1 u t 1 o n
Source of
eff1uent Chemical Physical Physiological Biological
Effluent i,
'"ri'ors affecting water quality
Powe r g e nc r a t io n
compounds. The common pathways involve conversion to pyruvic
agricultural practices
39 ’<40 Runoff from roads has been
Fig. 2.4 Simplified scheme of degradation of sewage components
37
the same period. The heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Z n , C d , Hg,
micropollutants.
matter with ROD of >6.5 mg/] and COD > 44 mg/1 , and 51 of
for the river Trent (PCBS) in the UK, the Chinese rivers
matter.
regard.59-61 . n. m. .,..62-63 , 0
Rivers the UK Germany 54-55,64
’
Italy.
231 consisted of HCO^ and Ca2+. However, the ions did not
1 ^ / j o r
quality even of the big rivers near cities and other urban
the prevalent belief lias been that the water of these rivers
chemistry
141 of the Brahmaputra and its sediment characteris-
45
142
tics1 z have been briefly dealt with before, but the pollu-
2.6 References
vier, Amsterdam.
77-87.
p.380.
12. Lamb, III JC, 1985. In Water Quality and Its Control,
58,386.
pp.725-736.
15. Fritz P Cherry JA, Weyer KU and Ski ash M, 1976. Storm
17, 1917-1927.
591-601.
24. Johnson NM, Likens GE, Bormann FH, Fisher DW and Pierce
376-381.
28. Pierce KS, Hornbeck JW, Likens CL and Bormann Fll, 1970.
311-327.
8, 93-101.
37. Pirner SM and Harms LL, 1978. Rapid city combats the
38. Randall CW, Garland JA, Grizzard TJ and Hoehn RC, 1977.
'The significance of stormwater runoff in an urbanizing
42. Matson EA, Hornor SC and Buck JD, 1978. Pollution indi
23, 133-138.
261-266.
829-843.
p p .159-160.
55. van der Weijden CH and Middle burg JJ, 1989. Hydrogeo-
Geneva.
pp.76-127.
329-330.
129, 912-915.
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2995-3002.
pp.1051-1065.
86. Rees RM, Parker— Jervis P and Cresser MS, 1989. Soil
511-517.
61, 28-30.
10, 204-218.
99. Basu AK, Ghosh BB and Pal RN, 1970. Comparison of the
113-129.
103. Verina SR, Shukla GR and Dabla RC, 1980. Studies on the
290-293.
60
7-27.
96-99.
533-560.
119. Panda RB, Sahu BK, Garnaik BK, Sinha BK and Nayak A,
375-392.
128. Singh JP, Jadnv P!<, Si ngh S and Prasad SC, 1991. POD
134. Kar GK, Mishra PC, Dash MC and Das RC, 1987. Pollution
329.
64
136. Patel JK, Trivedi KJ , Shah JC, Plage VL, 1987. Water
44, 149-164.
113-140.
31(3), 15-20.
33(1), 1-8.
312(5994), 538-541.
144. Agarwal DK, Gaur SD, Sen PC and Marwah SM, 1976. Bacte
pp.55-85.
146. De AK, Sen AK, Modak DP and Karim MR, 1987. Some
industrial waste e f f l u e n t s in Asa n s o l - R a n tganj region