Ferdinand Magellan

Captain of the First Voyage around the World

Sanlucar de Barrameda - This is the place in spain where Magellan started his journey.

 Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who was the captain of the first expedition to
successfully circumnavigate the globe.
 Magellan was born in the northern part of Portugal in 1480. (It is still disputed whether he was
born in the town Porto or Sabrosa.)
 His parents were very wealthy and part of the nobility.
 His parents died when Ferdinand was only 10 years old. Ferdinand then became a page for the
queen.
Portugal was a leader in early exploration due to the efforts of Prince Henry the Navigator
Early Years

 Magellan began as a mapmaker.

 In Magellan’s 20’s he began sailing with the Portuguese.
 He sailed to
 East Africa
 the East Indies or the Spice Islands
 Helped take over the Port of Malacca in Malaysia
 Was wounded in Morrocco and accused of trading with the Moors.
Early Years Continued
 Like Columbus, Magellan believed you could sail west and reach the East Indies.
 He asked the king of Portugal for money to finance his trip, but was refused.
 So Magellan went to the Spanish King, Charles V, who gave him 5 ships in 1519 to try and sail
around the world.
Achievements
 Magellan devised a plan to sail around the world.
 He discovered the straight of Magellan on the southern tip of South America. A much safer
passage than trying to sail around Cape Horn
 It took him a month to sail through the strait.
 Reached the ocean Balboa had discovered and named it the Pacific because of its calm and
peaceful waters.

Did You Know?

 Magellan did not complete his voyage. He was killed in battle on the Island of Mactan in the
Phillipines.
 Juan Sebastian del Cano completed the trip.
 It took 3 years to complete the journey back to Seville, Spain.
 The only ship to return was the Victoria (Magellan’s Ship)
  Only 18 of the original 270 crew members completed the journey.

Magellan’s Ship

The Victoria was the only ship out of 5 to complete the journey.

Conclusion

 Magellan was a brave and adventurous explorer. Although he himself did not complete the
journey, his crew proved that the world was round.
 His work as an explorer was important to developing new maps and developing a new idea
of ways to get to the East Indies.

The kartilya of the katipunan

KATAAS-TAASAN, KAGALANG-GALANGANG, KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

The first move towards Independence began on July 7, 1892 when the katipunan was established by
Andres Bonifacio. This was a result of the failure of the reform movement in Spain in which Filipinos
attempted to demand reforms for the Philippines.

The Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-kagalangan, Katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan or KKK was a

revolutionary society that espoused independence and freedom for the Philippines through force of arms.

Its main objective was separation of the Philippines from Spain and, at the same time, the development
of Filipinos as citizens of their own nation once independence is achieved.

EMILIO JACINTO

 "Utak ng Katipunan"
 His wife is Catalina de Jesus
 He was born at Tondo, Manila
 His father is Mariano Jacinto and her mother is Josefa Dizon
 Born on: 15 December 1875
 Death: 6 April 1899 (age of 23) Sta. Cruz, Laguna
 Cause of Death: Malarya
 Pen name: " Pingkan" "Dimas ilaw"
 He attended San Juan de Letran College and late transferred to the University of Santo Tomas to
study LAW.
 at the age of 18, joined the secret society called Katipunan.
 He became the advisor on fiscal matters and secretary to Andres Bonifacio.
 He was later known as Utak ng Katipunan.
  wrote for the Katipunan newspaper called Kalayaan and used his pen name.

About the text:

According to Jim Richardson, “The Kartilya is the best known of all Katipunan texts “ and that it is “the
only document of any length set in print by the Katipunan prior to August 1896 that is known to be still
extant.

The Kartilya was printed as a small pamphlet that was distributed to the members of the Katipunan.

Its term was derived from the Spanish “Cartilla” which was the primer used for grade schools during the
Spanish period.

The Kartilya was not just a document for the Katipunan.

For whom it was written:

The Kartilya was made, mainly for the Katipuneros. Upon joining the Katipunan, members were required
to read the Kartilya and adhere to its code of conduct. Changing the way people thought and acted was
the most important to the early Katipuneros, they understood that it was the only way to change the
Philippines for the better.

ITS HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE:

In 1896, Bonifacio, wrote the Duties of the Sons of the People, a list to be followed strictly by every
member of the organization.

The rules constituted a decalogue, and embodied bonifacio’s beliefs. Bonifacio would then later adopt
Jacinto’s Kartilya as the official teachings of the Katipunan. The Dekalago had only 10 points, and mainly
focused on one’s duties to God, country, family, neighbor, the Katipunan and himself. It spoke of honor,
charity and self-sacrifice but warned of the penalty to the traitor and disobedient.

However, the Kartilya was longer, more philosophical. It presented its concept of virtuous living as
lessons for self reflection.

The Kartilya became not only a primer for the Anak ng Bayan members, but an ideology embodying
moral and nationalistic principles.

The purpose of the kartilya:

 To present a concept of virtuous living as lessons for self-reflection, rather than as direct
prescriptions
 To assert that it was the internal and not the external qualifications that make human
greatness
 To be Katipunan’s philosophy and ideology in its existence
  To be the vision of the Katipunan, but the vision for an egalitarian and morally sound Filipino
nation.
 To show the importance of ideas of Right and Light (Katwiran and Kaliwanagan)

THE KARTILYA OF THE KATIPUNAN

1. The life that is not spent in the service of a great and noble cause is like a tree without a shade,
or like a poisonousweed.
2. The good work that is done out of self-interest and not for its own sake has no merit.
3. It is rational to be charitable and love's fellow creature, and to adjust one's conduct, acts and
words to what is in itself reasonable.
4. All men are equal whether the color of their skin be white or black. One man may surpass
another in wisdom, wealth or beauty, but not in that which makes him a man.
5. The magnanimous man puts honor before self-interest; the mean-spirited man, self-interest
before honor.
6. The word of a man of sensibility is as good as an oath.
7. Do not squander time, for wealth lost may be recovered, but time that has passed you by will not
come your way again.
8. Depend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field
9. An intelligent person is one who is careful with one’s words, and knows how to keep a secret.

10. In this hazardous life, it is the father who is the leader of the family; if the one leading is headed
towards evil, then those following such leader are led into evil as well.

11. The female person should not be looked upon as a mere object for amusement; but should be
treated with respect and be recognized as a partner in this hazardous life; in being with her,
remember your mother who gave birth to you in this life.

12. That which you do not want to be done to your wife, kids or siblings, do not do unto the wife,
kids, or siblings of others.

13. Great and noble is he who, although born in the forest and with no knowledge except that of his
own native tongue, is possessed with good character, is true to his word and mindful of his
dignity and honor; a man who does not oppress nor help those who oppress; a man who loves
and looks after the welfare of his country.

14. When these teachings shall have been propagated and the glorious sun of freedom begins to
shine on these poor islands to enlighten a united race and people, then all the loves lost, all the
struggle and sacrifices shall not have been in vain.

THE ACT OF PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE DAY OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE

(ACTA DE LA PROCLAMACION DE LA INDEPENDENCIA DEL PUEBLO FILIPINO)

HISTORICAL CONCEPT

The Revolution: First Phase

DECEMBER 1897

a truce was declared(Pact of Biak na Bato) between the two forces with the Filipino leaders, led by Gen.
Emilio Aguinaldo, agreeing to be exiled to Hong Kong.

 Led to Spanish-American War

 Spanish-American
 War
 (1898)
 LASTED ABOUT 3 MONTHS
 DURING 1898
 APRIL 21, 1898
 AUGUST 13, 1898

WAR ENDED BY SIGNING THE TREATY OF PARIS

 Even before the Battle of Manila (Mock Battle of Manila), Aguinaldo had already been
meeting with the Americans in Singapore.
 Aguinaldo and Consul E. Spencer Pratt talks about US-Filipino collaboration againts
Spaniards.
 Aguinaldo went back to Hong Kong to meet up with Commodore George Dewey.
 Aguinaldo remained in Hong Kong and met American consul general Rounseville Wildman
with regards of the rifles and ammunitions.

May 19, 1898

- Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines
-US Cruiser McCulloch

The Second Phase

MAY 1, 1898

 Dewey arrived in the Philippines

 Dewey supplied the Philippines with arms they captured from the Spaniards.

MAY 19, 1898

 Aguinaldo announced the beginning of the second phase in his headquarters in Cavite.

MAY 24, 1898

 Aguinaldo formed a Dictatorial Government

END OF MAY

 Aguinaldo commanded army of 12,000 troops

Battle of Alapan

 May 28, 1898

 Aguinaldo's first victory
 Aguinaldo unfurled the Philippine flag
 Teatro Caviteño in Cavite Nuevo (present-day Cavite City)
 Filipino revolutionaries, the more than 270 captured Spaniards and American sailors
witnessed unfurling

JUNE 12, 1898

 AGUINALDO declared the Philippine independence from Spanish in his house in Kawit,
Cavite.

Ambrosio Rainzares read the declaration that was later signed by 177 people including the American
military officers.

 The Philippine National Anthem, then known as “Marcha National Filipina” is composed by
Julian Felipe.
 Played by the Banda de San Francisco de Malabon.
 The Philippine flag was unfurled agian.

JANUARY 1899

 Americans became the new colonizers

 US send fresh troops
 Aguinaldo covened congress in Malolos and the deligates wrot a contitutions
 Philipine Republic was est. and Aguinaldo as the President

Philippine-American War (1899-1991)

 war between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries

Emilio Aguinaldo

 born on March 22, 1869, in Kawit, Cavite.

 Emilo aguinldo was second to the youngest of eight children of Carlos Aguinaldo and
Trinidad Famy.
 Carlos being coberadorcillo for several terms.
 Following his fathers death in 1883.
  Aguinaldo followed in his father's footstep and was chosen "Capitan Municipal" of Kawit in
1894.

Months later he joined the Katipunan choosing the name "Magdalo" other was the "Magdiwang" which
he set up in his province.

When bonifacio tried to put up his own goverment with an armed group, he was arrested and tried for
sedition. Found guilty, the supremo and his brother procopio were executed on May 10, 1897

The spanish troops regained Cavite and Aguinlado was force to retrer to the mountains of Biak-na-bato.

 In exahange for an indemnity, annesty nad colonial reform, Aguinaldo and his officers went
into exile in Hongkong in Dec 1897.
 The Spanish-American war in 1898 eventully changed Philippine History.
 Battle of Manila Bay in 1898
 Philippine Indpendence on June 12, 1898.
 After the Spanish defeat in 1898, the United States began to send fresh troops to the
Philippines.

In 1899, Aguinaldo convened a congress in Malolos, Bulacan.

 The Philippine-American War eventually ended in 1901 with the capture of Aguinaldo.
 When he ran for the Presidency of the Philippine Commonwealth but lost to Manuel L.
Quezon.
 Aguinaldo was charge with collaboration by the Americans for helping the Japanese during
World War 2.
 As a private citizen, he devoted his time to the cause of veteran "Revolucionarios" until his
death at the age of 94 on February 6, 1964.

June 10, 1896, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo issued a one sentence decree appointing his Author General of
War, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, as a "Special Commissioner" to write the Act of the Declaration of
the Indepedence.

Pamahalaang Panghihimagsik

 Elections for a "Pamahalaang Panghihimagsik" were held in Barrio Tejeros, San Francisco de
Malabon(now General Trias) on March 22,1897.
 Aguinaldo-was elected President with
 Mariano Trias-vice president
 Artemio Ricarte(captian General)
 Emiliano Riego de Dios-Director of War
 Andres Bonifacio-director of the interior.

In the town of Cavite-Viejo, Province of Cavite. 12th day of June 1898

  War Counselor and Special Deligate, Ambrosio Rainzares Bautista proclaim and solemnize the
Declaration of Independence and by decree of Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo.
 The most significant achievement of Aguinaldo's Dictatorial Government was the proclamation
of Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite, on June 12, 1898
 The Philippine Declaration was signed by ninety-eight persons, among them an American army
officer who witnessed the proclamation.
 He mentioned the military chiefs and armies who could not attend and the representatives of
different towns.

 People of this country are already tired of bearing the ominous yoke of Spanish

 domination.

CAUSES

 People of this country are already tired of bearing the ominous yoke of Spanish
 domination.
 Arbitrary arrest and abuses of Civil Guards
 Unjust deportations of Illustrious Filipinos
 Death in Connivance
 Unjust execution of Rizal and others who sacrifices in order to please the friars to make
vengeance.
 GOMBURZA was hanged and guilty of treason as the instigators of a mutiny in the Cavite
navy-yard.
 The people had been deprived by Spain through Governor Miguel Lopez de Legazpi,
Ferdinand Magellan etc.
 Taking possession of the City and the Whole Archipelago in the name of Spain by virtue of
an order of King Philip II.
 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi occupied Cebu Island by means of Pact of Friendship with Chief
Tupas.

EFFECTS

 Start a revolution in August 1896 in order to regain the independence.

 Pact of Biak na Bato proposed by Don Pedro A. Paterno with Aguinaldo as President of the
Republic and accepted by Governor-General Don Fernando Primo de Rivera both written and
oral.
 After the destruction of the Spanish Squadron by the North American Navy, and bombardment
of the plaza of Cavite, Aguinaldo returned to initiate new revolution and several towns
anticipated.
 Revolutionary movement spreading like wildfire coming Cavite, Bataan, Pampanga, Batangas,
Bulacan, Laguna, and Morong.
  Spanish contingent of 178 men, between Imus and Cavite-Viejo under the command of a major
of the Maritime Infantry surrendered.

CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS

Historical Context
1stCentury of Spanish Rule

Gobernadorcillo - a municipal judge or governor in head –man of a village or small town

in the Philippines, who carried out in a town the responsibilities of leadership, economic,
and judicial administration.
Friars - a member of any of certain religious orders of men.
They become the most knowledgeable and influential figure in the Pueblo.
They were required periodically to inform their superiors of was happening in their
respective area.

Plasencia’s Relacionde las Costumbresde Los Tagalogs (Customs of the Tagalogs)

About the Author

Fray Juan de Plasencia
A member of the Franciscan Order who came together with the 1st batch of missionaries to
the Philippines in 1578.
He and a fellow, Franciscan Fray Diego de Oropesa, were assigned to do mission works in
the Southern Tagalog area.

About the Text

Original Document
Archivo General de Indias(A.G.I.) in Seville, Spain
Duplicate Copy
Archivo Franciscano Ibero-Oriental (A.F.I.O.) in Madrid, Spain
English Translation
Appeared in Volume VII of the Blair and Robertson’s The Philippines Islands.

Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs

Who governed the tagalongs and were captains in their wars, and whom they obeyed and
reverenced.
These chiefs ruled a tribal gatherings called barangay.
Datos
Barangay
 “balangai, balangay or balanghai”.
 Headed by a datu.
 It’s origin was a family of parents, children, relations and slaves.
Nobles
 The freeborn, they call Maharlica.
Commoners
 The Aliping Namamahay.
Slaves
 The Aliping Saguiguilid.

If two persons married, of whom one was a maharlica and the other a slave, whether
namamahay o saguiguilid, the children were divided.
The maharlicas could not, after marriage, move from one village to another, or from one
barangay to another, without paying a certain fine in gold. As arranged among them.
It is applied equally to men and women except that when one married a woman of
another village, the children afterwards divided equally between two barangays.
They had laws by which they condemned to death a man of low birth who insulted the
daughter or wife of chief; likewise witches of the same class.
The master provided the culprit with food and clothing, thus enslaving the culprit and
his children until such time as he might amass enough money to pay the fine.
Service within the house as aliping saguiguilid, but living independently, as aliping
namamahay.

Worship of the
Tagalog
Pandot or “Worship” Simbahan
Nagaanitos
The whole barangay, or family, united and joined in the worship.

IDOLS

Lic-ha
The tagalong sowned many idols in various shapes.

They worshipped the sun, the moon, and the star.

1. Mapolon
2. Balatic

Distinction made among the priest of the devil were as follow:

1. Catolan 8. Osuang
2. Mangangauay 9. Mangagayoma
3. Manyisilat 10. Sonat
4. Mancocolam 11. Pangatahojan
5. Hocloban 12. Bayoguin
6. Siligan
7. Magtatangal
Catolonan–this office was an honorable one among the natives, and was held ordinarily by
people of rank.
Mangangauay–witches who deceived by pretending to heal the sick.
Manyisalat–these priests had the power of applying such remedies to lovers that they
would abandon and despise their own wives, and infact prevent them from having
intercourse with the latter.
Mancocolam–whose duty was to emit fire from himself at night, once or oftener each
month.
Siligan–whose office it was, if they saw any one clothed in white, to tear out his liver and
eat it, thus causing his death. His, like the preceding, was in the island of Catanduanes.
Hocloban–which is another kind of witch, of greater efficacy that the mangangauay. This
was Catanduanes, an island off the upper part of Luzon.
Osuang–which is equivalent to a “sorcerer.” This was among the Visayas Islands.
Magtatanggal–his purpose was to show himself at night to many persons, without his head
or entrails. This occurred in Catanduanes.
Mangangayoma–another class of witches.
Pangatohojan–was a sooth sayer, and predicted the future.
Sonat– known as preacher.
Catquean–a man whose nature inclied toward that of a woman.

Casanaan
A place of punishment, grief, and affliction, which was a “place of anguish”
These in fidels said that they knew that there was another life of rest which they called
maca, just as if we should say “paradise”, or, in other words, “village of rest.”
Bathala
“the maker of all things,” who govern from above.
Pegans who confessed more clearly to a hell, which they called, as I have said, casanaan;
they said all the wicked went to a place, and there dwelt the demons whom they called
sitan.

If any woman died in child birth, she and the child suffered punishment, and that, at night,
she could be heard lamenting. This is called patianac.

Plasencia’s Customs of the Tagalogs is a very popular primary source as it vividly

describes the way of life of the Filipinos before Spanish and Christian Influences.