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College of Engineering
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There are primary and

The old ways of stone crushing by hand is
still being
practiced in several villages and towns in
Egbe, E.A.P. Design and Fabrication of a Double Roll
Nigeria. The old ways of crushing is
Olugboji, O.A. Crusher(May.2016)
stressful, less efficient, and less
productive, leading to poor size reduction
and non uniformity of products.
secondary crushers. A
primary crusher reduces
large particles into smaller
sizes for further crushing by
the secondary crusher. The theoretical efficiency of the
Examples of crushers crusher was based
include jaw crusher, on the ratio of actual size reduction
gyratory crusher and roll to the total
crusher. A double roll number of particles that passed
crusher consists of two rolls. through the sieve. Efficiency in
Crushing takes place Crushing limestone was found to
between two cylindrical rolls while that of kaolin was 80%.
with each rotating about a
concentric horizontal shaft
in opposite directions. This
is the most common of all
roll crushers.

1
 The disadvantage of the plastics is that
they are non-bio degradable and causes
harm to the environment. So these waste
plastic materials have to be crushed,
FABRICATION OF CRUSHER transported safely and dumped
MR. DARSHAN R MR.
MACHINE FOR WASTE properly.Nowadays we find waste plastic
MD EHTASHAMULLAH
PLASTIC MATERIAL materials being overloaded in trucks
which consume a large space. Due to this
the vehicle gets toppled leading to
accidents.
In a country like India, waste management
and disposal of the waste seems to be a
tedious task where a huge amount of
wastes has been generated due to
Senthil Kannan.N,
DESIGN OF MECHANICAL enormous consumption. There also lies an
Naveen Prasad.D,
3 CRUSHING MACHINE issue in transporting the
Nirmal Kumar.R,
(Jan.2016) wastes to the recycling plants, wherein a
Premvishnu.R.S
huge amount of effort, time and money
needs to be put in for transporting the
wastes which are clustered and are not in
uniform shape or size.
1. Identification of problem
2. Creating the concept
design
 Can transport large number of
3. Design and development
plastic wastes in less space so that
of actual model using CAD
overloading is avoided. It can be
software
used for housekeeping techniques.
4. Creating the
Handling of plastic wastes can be
manufacturing drawings
done effectively.
5. Fabricating as per the
drawing and assembling
6. Testing he prototype
•Performance Objectives
•Studying the process
•Data from Various sources
•Drawing the part model by
any Design Software
•Assembling the Part models The machine crushed multiple cans
using any Design Software simultaneously with ease both
•Calculating the required during electrical as well as during
dimensions to achieve the mechanical modes of operation.
required crushing force. While crushing the cans manually,
•Fixing the dimensions the cans got crushed with minimal
based on human effort and reduced the
calculation. fatigue factor of the worker.
•Manufacturing the Crusher
as
per the required dimensions
•Assemble the components
•Analyze the Results
 In the operation of crushing
there are two rollers which
are rotating in opposite
direction. These rollers are
driven by gears; the rollers
are attached with gears at
the one end of the shaft.
The volume of the bottle and tin is
Both rollers are driven at the
Prashanth.P Nowadays in India, recycling is one of the reduced to 60-70 % and the
right end. Out of two rollers
Mohammed Ali Design and Fabrication of Water Bottle areas which rapidly increasing day by day. transportation charge will reduce
4 one roller is directly
Kaushik S Patel Crusher(June.2017) The amount of waste coming is in a due to the reduction of volume of
connected to the driven shaft
tremendous quantity. bottle.
through belt; and two gears
of same diameter and same
number of teeth’s. The two
rollers should rotate in
opposite direction in order to
crush the bottle, to perform
this action the gears are
meshed externally.

Today most of the world’s plastic waste

still goes to landfill. Plastic waste disposal
is one of the cumbersome process which is
very less efficient. In most of the The machine helps in increasing the
functions, parties, events etc, water has volume
been served in bottles of different sizes. of transportation by reducing the
a. Problem Identification
These used bottles occupy very large volume of plastic
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF b. Concept Development
disposal space which usually overflows bottles by shredding them into
DARSHAN R, CRUSHER MACHINE FOR c. Detail Design with
the dustbins provided at these places and pieces. This helps in
GURURAJA S PLASTIC WASTES Fabrication Drawings
are mostly goes to landfill. Used Plastic reducing the emissions at the time
(Oct.2017) d. Fabrication Procedure
bags, pieces of plastic sheets and bottles of of transportation
e. Testing the Prototype
diverse sizes, colors and textures are found and also used to recycle plastic
flying around freely, scattered in the wastes.
streets, swimming in the gutters, posing a
serious environmental threat. These keep
the environment dirty and cause blockages
to our sewer system.

5
 transported by the rotation
of
the helical screws which
moves the material in the
forward direction in tube
from the feed point (hopper)
to the discharge point
(outlet). The materials to be
There are many readily available screw The “fabrication of screw
transmitted are fed through
Ishan Izzudheen conveyors in the market. But these are for conveyor” system is working
the hopper. The motor is
Job varghese Fabrication of Semi Automatic Feeding large material handling purposes and they with satisfactory conditions. We can
switched on such that the
6 Jomy Tomy Mechanism for Small Scale Poultry are not suitable for small scale industries. able to
power from the motor is
Mohammed Rizwan Farm(2016) Also the cost of the machines is more and understand the difficulties in
transmitted to the screw
Lokesh K.S hence they are not affordable by the small maintaining the
conveyor through the belt
scale industries and small workshops. tolerances and also the quality.
drive. This consists of a
number of helix blades
which is used for
transmitting. As the blades
or the helix screw rotates,
the material is advanced by
one pitch length such that
the material cones out of the

Design & Manufacturing of Feeding
Bajirao H. NangarePatil Mechanism
7
Afaqahmed M. Jamadar for Horizontal Grinding
Machin(March.2015)
The older chain feeding mechanism
proved to be outdated & costly.
i) Define specification of
problem- Define what is the
problem associated with old
mechanism. i.e. machine is
horizontal grinding machine
having chain feeding
mechanism.
ii) Study of alternative
mechanisms for problem-
Study of different types of
feeding mechanism like
through feed, swing arm etc.
iii) Selection of alternative
mechanismSelection of
possible alternatives i.e. For magnetic Wheel speed of 17
magnetic feeding rpm, the total no of
mechanism is best suitable passes per shift was observed to be
alternative for the machine 27,428. This was due to the fact that
from all aspects. though the theoretical speed of
iv) Prepare general layout of magnetic wheel was calculated to
configuration: be 20 rpm, we were not able to get
Selection of appropriate the speed above 17 rpm. Because
mechanism for the machine heat generation rate is found very
supposed to prepare a high for speeds above 17 rpm,
general layout for the whole which require more coolant &
grinding machine. causes more damaging of rings.
v) Design of individual
component:
vi) Manufacturing of
mechanism as per the
design.
vii) Assembly of component
and Trial is done on
mechanism studying by
various parameters like
speed of magnetic wheel,
speed of grinding wheel,
coolant rate,
coolant concentration etc.

To achieve a model using

physical modelling
techniques, themachine of
interest, a jaw crusher in this
Previously, jaw crushers were modelled in A framework has been developed
case, has to be brokendown
Marcus Johansson regard to certain aspects, for example, for modular-based fundamental
into smaller subsystems and
Magnus Bengtsson A fundamental model of an industrial- energy consumption (Legendre and modelling,where each module has
9 modelled separately. For
Magnus Evertsson scale jaw crusher(January.2017) Zevenhoven, 2014) or kinematics (Oduori been developed separately and
thisresearch, the modelling
Erik Hulthén et al., 2015). Approaches to date have testedbefore being used in a full
approach is similar to the
been mainly property specific. simulation.
approach usedby Evertsson
(2000) when developing an
analytical model for a cone
crusher.
 boundaries and in the grains.
2. There was no uniform plastic
flow when crusher jaws under
investigation workhardened because
they did not possess the optimal
hardness and toughness required for
crushing.
3. In hardening and martempering
conditions austenitic manganese
steel was free from carbides both at
the grain boundaries and in the
grains. Hence, the crusher jaws
produced with austenitic manganese
in these conditions eradicated brittle
failure experienced in locally
•BACKGROUND produced crusher jaws.
INFORMATION 4. Hardening followed by tempering
•VISUAL EXAMINATION precipitated carbide at the grain
This article reports the outcome of an
•FRACTOGRAPHIC boundaries and in the grains instead
John O. Olawale investigation made to uncover the
10 Failure analysis of a crusher jaw(2018) EXAMINATION of reducing the residual stress
Simeon A. Ibitoye premature failure of crusher jaws
•CHEMICAL ANALYSIS associated with hardening. The
produced in a local foundry.
•CASTING OF volume fraction of these carbides,
AUSTENITIC however, increased with tempering
MANGANESE STEEL temperature.
5. In martempering conditions
austenitic manganese steel had
better plastic flows due to a
decrease in overall thermal gradient
and reduction in residual stresses
associated with heat-treatment
operations. This gave a better
combination of hardness and
toughness than austenitic
manganese steel in hardening
conditions used for the production
of imported crusher jaws.
6. Due to the premature failure of
the locally produced crusher jaws,
their use in the quarry industry over
 The major challenges faced by the
The feed supplied to a single single toggle jaw
toggle jaw crusher through crusher emanate from the nature of
its gape, is crushed by the the material to be
Strength and fracture toughness of the compression of the feed by crushed, angle of nip and
material to be crushed are intrinsic the movable jaw against the components design. Strength
properties that determine the time and fixed or stationary jaw. and toughness of a rock are directly
C. Okechukwu
energy required to crush the material. Movement of the movable proportional to the
O. A. Dahunsi DESIGN AND OPERATIONS
Economy of the crushing process is partly jaw is controlled at the top comminution energy; hence, a rock
P. K. Oke CHALLENGES OF A SINGLE
dependent on the angle of nip. by an eccentric shaft, which particle with higher
I. O. Oladele TOGGLE JAW CRUSHER: A REVIEW
Productivity of the crusher can be is driven by a pulley whose strength and toughness will require
M. Dauda (July.2017)
improved upon by increasing the weight is counter-balanced more time and
B. M. Olaleye
eccentricity of the eccentric shaft, use of by a flywheel at the opposite energy to break under the influence
reversible jaws, bush bearing and easily end of the eccentric shaft. of a jaw crusher. Angle of nip must
adjustable toggle plate. The flywheel stores energy be maintained between 17o and 27o
on the idling half of the as deviation from this range leads to
stroke and delivers it on the undesirable and uneconomical
crushing half. output.
11

Stone crushing machine were

essential for construction and
road works because of its
crushed stones that would
12 serve as foundation with the
cement. Many stone crusher
were made over the past few
years that gives contribution
in the field of construction.
The study of
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Republic of the Philippines Management
System
CHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ISO
9001:2015
www.ctu.edu.ph www.tuv.com
ID
9108652629
College of Engineering
WNLOADED REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS
Engr. Edgar C. Ambos, MEng, Ph.D.

Notes/Comments/Remarks Feb. 22, 2019 edition

A further development on this

work is required to
open up the solid mineral sector
for affordable
processing.
The future scope of the paper is
to upgrade the machine with lot
more facilities. That is to equip
the machine with automatic
loading facility, sensors and
microcontrollers to detect the
material input to switch on and
off the machine automatically in
order to reduce the power
consumption.
 Primary
references of the

References of the study/research/topic

theoretical/
conceptual
framework of the
study/research/
presentation
 rences of the study/research/topic
This paper also intends to
develop design skills using
CATIA V5 and an opportunity to
face the problems that occur
during designing &
manufacturing a component or a
machine.

experiments will be carried out,

both numerical discrete element
method simulations andcrusher
experiments on laboratory scale
and on a full scale industrial
crusher. Validation of the
individual modules can
preferablybe done in laboratory
environments, where parameters
are easilyadjustable compare to
in a full scale crusher. A
sensitivity analysisof the model
parameters should be done in
order to investigate
therobustness of the model
Reserved-not so relevant references of the study/research/topic